晚震旦世高家山生物群化石新材料

对张录易等 (1992 )所建立的管状骨骼化石Qinella属进行重新修订 ,根据基本宏观特征、壳面装饰和壳壁套管式结构等将QinellashaanxiensisZhang ,LietDong ,1992和QinellalijiagouensisZhang ,LietDong ,1992归入SinotubulitescienegensisMcmenamin ,1985 ,而Qinella属征限定为管壳外表面光滑的多层壁套管式结构。对Chenella的属征进行厘定 ,建立ChenellaregularisZhangetHua一新种。根据口部特征的似吸盘状构造 ,建立蠕形动物—新属YudaiellaZhangetHua。

功能化石墨烯材料:定义、分类及制备策略

自2004年被成功制备后,石墨烯因其独特迷人的性质在近十几年来备受关注,同时也引发了二维纳米材料的研究热潮。单原子层厚度的二维结构赋予石墨烯非同寻常的光学、电子学、磁学及力学等性质,使得石墨烯在生物学、医学、化学、物理学和环境科学等多个领域展现出极大的应用潜力。制得注意的是,石墨烯在应用时通常需要进行功能化,调节其组成、大小、形状和结构等,以便于加工处理或满足不同的应用需求。石墨烯功能化方法多样,功能化产物也是种类繁多。然而,到目前为止,石墨烯功能化产物并没有系统全面的分类和精确的定义。因此,本文在系统总结现有石墨烯功能化研究的基础上,给出了石墨烯功能化产物的系统分类、各类的精确定义和相应的制备策略,并通过典型示例进行了详细地阐述。石墨烯功能化的产物统称为"功能化石墨烯材料",分为两类:"功能化石墨烯"和"功能化石墨烯复合材料"。功能化石墨烯材料的制备可由"自上而下"和"自下而上"两种策略实现。制备策略的选择取决于应用需求。系统分类、精确命名和制备策略的归纳必将有助于功能化石墨烯材料的进一步发展。

硅化石墨材料的分析应用

硅化石墨材料的分析应用自贡东新电碳股份有限公司谢龙滨硅化石墨材料是我公司为提高碳石墨材料的高温抗氧化性、耐腐蚀性和耐磨性而研制的一种新型工程材料。它是由碳石墨基体材料经硅化处理而形成的碳化硅──碳复合材料，具有碳石墨材料的自润滑性，良好的导电性、导热...

氨基化石墨烯/聚乙烯亚胺复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

Cr(Ⅵ)具有较强的生物毒性,若未经妥善处置直接排入水体会对环境造成较大的影响。以氨基化石墨烯为填料,聚乙烯亚胺为基质,通过溶液共混-冷冻干燥可制得氨基化石墨烯/聚乙烯亚胺复合材料(GO-NH2/PEI),研究结果表明,固定GO-NH2的用量为35%,当溶液pH值为2、吸附剂用量0.4 g/L、Cr(Ⅵ)含量100 mg/L、吸附温度318 K和吸附时间300 min时,GO-NH2/PEI对Cr (Ⅵ)的吸附量和吸附率分别为229.80 mg/g和91.92%。GO-NH2/PEI对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为更符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,表明吸附过程是基于化学吸附的单层吸附。经过循环吸附再生第5次使用,GO-NH2/PEI对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量207.92 mg/g,仍可保持90.48%的再生率,说明其重复使用性能良好。

氨基化石墨烯/聚乙烯亚胺复合材料对甲基橙和刚果红的吸附性能研究

含有合成染料的废水具有成分复杂、可生物降解性能差、COD高等特点受到了广泛研究。使用氨基化石墨烯/聚乙烯亚胺复合材料(GO-NH2/PEI)对典型的阴离子染料甲基橙和刚果红进行吸附,最佳吸附条件为:染料含量150 mg/L、吸附剂用量0.5 g/L、溶液p H值为6、吸附温度318 K和吸附时间240 min时,GO-NH2/PEI对甲基橙和刚果红的吸附量可达282.82 mg/g和240.22 mg/g,循环使用5次,仍可保持约90%的最大吸附量。并使用吸附等温线、吸附热力学、吸附动力学等对吸附过程进行拟合,结果表明:GO-NH2/PEI对阴离子染料的吸附主要为单层化学吸附,是吸热熵增的自发过程。GO-NH2/PEI作为多孔材料,合成染料分子越小,越容易扩散进复合材料内部与活性官能团缔合,吸附性能越好。

宝玉石材料在家装设计中的应用

人们入住前对住房进行装修的习惯由来已久。尤其是近十几年,人们生活水平的提高,对装修的要求也越来越高。人造材料层出不穷,但是,对于天然材料的喜爱从未减退。并且从原来的大理石、花岗岩等常见材料,发展到宝玉石材料,如孔雀石、玛瑙、岫玉、化石等。本文将重点论述这些宝玉石材料的材料学性质及使用范围。

PVP功能化石墨烯高效吸附废水中大分子染料

利用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和石墨烯与染料分子的结合特性,合成了PVP功能化石墨烯纳米材料(PVPGNs),对其进行了表征,并考察该材料对水中酸性红(ASG)和孔雀石绿(MG)等染料的吸附能力。结果表明,当pH为7、温度为40℃、时间为10 min、材料的质量浓度1 g/L时,ASG的最大吸附率达到93.41%,最大吸附量达到93.41 mg/g;当pH为5、温度为40℃、时间为10 min、材料用量0.5 m L,材料的质量浓度1 g/L时,MG的最大吸附率达到83.38%,最大吸附量达到83.38 mg/g。等温吸附模型的拟合结果表明,PVP-GNs对ASG和MG的理论最大吸附量分别达到1 887、1 976 mg/g。且PVP-GNs具备良好的染料脱附性能。因此,该材料在染料废水脱色方面具有很大的应用潜力与价值。

Nitrogen⁃doped 3D graphene⁃carbon nanotube network for efficient lithium storage

A 3D nitrogen⁃doped graphene/multi⁃walled carbon nanotube(CS⁃GO⁃NCNT)crosslinked network mate⁃rial was successfully synthesized utilizing chitosan and melamine as carbon and nitrogen sources,concomitant with the incorporation of multi⁃wall carbon nanotubes and employing freeze drying technology.The material amalgamates the merits of 1D/2D hybrid carbon materials,wherein 1D carbon nanotubes confer robustness and expedited elec⁃tron transport pathways,while 2D graphene sheets facilitate rapid ion migration.Furthermore,the introduction of nitrogen heteroatoms serves to furnish additional active sites for lithium storage.When served as an anode material for lithium⁃ion batteries,the CS⁃GO⁃NCNT electrode delivered a reversible capacity surpassing 500 mAh·g^(-1),mark⁃edly outperforming commercial graphite anodes.Even after 300 cycles at a high current density of 1 A·g^(-1),it remained a reversible capacity of up to 268 mAh·g^(-1).

Synthesis of Cu_2O/reduced graphene oxide composites as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

A facile way was used to synthesize Cu2O/reduced graphene oxide （rGO） composites with octahedron-like morphology in aqueous solution without any surfactant. TEM images of the obtained Cu2O/rGOs reveal that the Cu2O particles and rGO distribute hierarchically and the primary Cu2O particles are encapsulated well in the graphene nanosheets. The electrochemical performance of Cu2O/rGOs is enhanced compared with bare Cu2O when they are employed as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The Cu2O/rGO composites maintain a reversible capacity of 348.4 mA？h/g after 50 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g. In addition, the composites retain 305.8 mA？h/g after 60 cycles at various current densities of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mA/g.

Preparation of uniform flower-like CuO and flower-like CuO/graphene composite and their application in lithium ion batteries

Flower-like CuO and flower-like CuO/graphene composite were prepared successfully by hydrothermal method. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, temperature-programmed reduction, and thermogravimetric analysis. It is found that the flower-like CuO microspheres, which are composed of CuO nanosheets, possess an average diameter of 4.2 μm and a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 12.6 m2/g. Compared with the flower-like CuO, the obtained flower-like CuO/graphene composite shows an enhanced electrochemical performance with a higher capacity of 603 mA-h/g at 0.1 C rate and 382 mA-h/g at 1 C rate, and exhibits a better cycle stability with a high capacity retention of 95.5 % after 50 cycles even though at 1 C rate.

Enhanced photocatalytic performance of cementitious material with TiO_2@Ag modified fly ash micro-aggregates

A TiO2 photocatalyst is coated on the surface of a zeolite fly ash bead（ZFAB） to improve its dispersability and exposure degree in a cement system.The application of Ag particles in TiO2/ZFAB modified cementitious materials is to further enhance the photocatalytic performance.Various Ag@TiO2/ZFAB modified cementitious specimens with different Ag dosages are prepared and the characteristics and photocatalytic performance of the prepared samples are investigated.It is observed that the multi-level pore structure of ZFAB can improve the exposure degree of TiO2 in a cement system and is also useful to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency.With an increment of the amounts of Ag particles in the TiO2/ZFAB modified cementitious samples,the photocatalytic activities increased first and then decreased.The optimal Ag@TiO2/ZFAB modified cementitious sample reveals the maximum reaction rate constant for degrading benzene（9.91×10^-3 min^-1）,which is approximately 3 and 10 times higher than those of TiO2/ZFAB and TiO2 modified samples,respectively.This suggests that suitable Ag particles coupled with a ZFAB carrier could effectively enhance the photocatalytic effects and use of TiO2 in a cement system.Thus,ZFAB as a carrier could provide a potential method for a high efficiency engineering application of TiO2 in the construction field.

Effect of WS_2 addition on electrical sliding wear behaviors of Cu-graphite-WS_2 composites

Four kinds of Cu-based composites with different mass ratios of graphite and WS2 as lubricants were fabricated by hot-pressing method. Electrical sliding wear behaviors of the composites were investigated using a block-on-ring tribometer rubbing against Cu-5%Ag alloy ring. The results demonstrated that 800 ~C was the optimum sintering temperature for Cu-graphite-WS2 dual-lubricant composites to obtain the best comprehensive properties of mechanical strength and lubrication performance. Contact voltage drops of the Cu-based composites increased with increasing the mass ratio of WS2 to graphite. The Cu-based composite with 20% graphite and 10% WS2 showed the best wear resistance due to the excellent synergetic lubricating effect of graphite and WS2. The reasonable addition of WS2 into the Cu-graphite composite can remarkably improve the wear resistance without much rise of electrical energy loss which provides a novel principle of designing suitable sliding electrical contact materials for industrial applications.

Three-dimensional MoS_2/reduced graphene oxide aerogel as a macroscopic visible-light photocatalyst

Photocatalysis is regarded as an ideal technology for solving the urgent environmental and energy issues that we face today.Among the reported photocatalysts,molybdenum disulfide（MoS2） is very promising for applications in hydrogen production and pollutant photodegradation.However,its lack of active sites and the difficulty of recovering catalysts in powder form have hindered its wide application.Here,we report the successful preparation of a macroscopic visible-light responsive MoS2/reduced graphene oxide（MoS2/RGO） aerogel.The obtained MoS2/RGO aerogel exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity towards hydrogen production and photoreduction of Cr（Ⅵ） in comparison with the MoS2 powder.In addition,the low density（56.1 mg/cm^3） of the MoS2/RGO aerogel enables it to be used as an efficient adsorption material for organic pollutants.Our results demonstrate that this very promising multifunctional aerogel has potential applications in environmental remediation and clean energy production.

Magnetic and microwave absorbing properties of M-type barium ferrite/graphene oxide composite microwave absorber

In order to improve the absorbing properties of M- type barium ferrite absorbing materials, M-type barium ferrite/graphene oxide composites with different graphene oxide contents were synthesized by the sol-gel autocombustion method. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, a scanning electronic microscopy （ SEM ）, a physical properties measurement system （PPMS-9）, and a vector network analyzer were used to analyze their structure, surface morphology, magnetic and absorbing properties, respectively. The results show that the absorbing band of the composite absorbing material is widened and the absorbing strength is increased compared with the pure M-type barium ferrite. The sample with the content of doped graphene oxide of 3% has the minimum reflectivity at 10 to 18 GHz frequencies. Hence, the doped graphene oxide effectively improves the absorbing properties of M-type barium ferrite.

Ultrasonic synthesis of CoO/graphene nanohybrids as high performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

A facile ultrasonic method was used to synthesize CoO/graphene nanohybrids by employing Co4（CO）12 as a cobalt precursor. The nanohybrids were characterized by SEM, TEM and XPS, and the results show that CoO nanoparticles （3-5 nm） distribute uniformly on the surface of graphene. The CoO/graphene nanohybrids display high performance as an anode material for lithium-ion battery, such as high reversible lithium storage capacity （650 mA-h/g after 50 cycles, almost twice that of commercial graphite anode）, high coulombic efficiency （over 95%） and excellent cycling stability. The extraordinary performance arises from the structure of the nanohybrids： the nanosized CoO particles with high dispersity on conductive graphene substrates are beneficial for lithium-ion insertion/extraction, shortening diffusion length for lithium ions and improving conductivity, thus the lithium storage performance was improved.

Preparation and characteristics of porous ceramics

Pyrophyllite is always used for making porous ceramics. In order to design the preparation technics of porous ceramics with pyrophyllite reasonably we must know the classifications, characteristics, properties and applications of porous ceramics. The classification and characteristics of porous ceramics are reviewed in this article; and several common preparations with their advantages and disadvantages are also introduced. The authors discussed the problems existing in researching and developing process for porous ceramics, and forecasted the development prospect of porous ceramics.

In situ synthesis of a nickel boron oxide/graphdiyne hybrid for enhanced photo/electrocatalytic H_(2) evolution

Developing highly active catalysts for photo/electrocatalytic water splitting is an attractive strategy to produce H2 as a renewable energy source.In this study,a new nickel boron oxide/graphdiyne(NiBi/GDY)hybrid catalyst was prepared by a facile synthetic approach.Benefitting from the strong electron donating ability of graphdiyne,NiBi/GDY showed an optimized electronic structure containing lower valence nickel atoms and demonstrated improved catalytic performance.As expected,NiBi/GDY displayed a high photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 4.54 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),2.9 and 4.5 times higher than those of NiBi/graphene and NiBi,respectively.NiBi/GDY also displayed outstanding electrocatalytic H2 evolution activity in 1.0 M KOH solution,with a current density of 400 mA/cm^(2)at an overpotential of 478.0 mV,which is lower than that of commercial Pt/C(505.3 mV@400 mA/cm^(2)).This work demonstrates that GDY is an ideal support for the development of highly active catalysts for photo/electrocatalytic H2 evolution.

Synthesis of graphene/tourmaline/TiO_2 composites with enhanced activity for photocatalytic degradation of 2-propanol

We report the construction of a graphene/tourmaline/TiO2(G/T/TiO2)composite system with enhanced charge‐carrier separation,and therefore enhanced photocatalytic properties,based on tailoring the surface‐charged state of graphene and/or by introducing an external electric field arising from tourmaline.A simple two‐step hydrothermal method was used to synthesize G/T/TiO2composites and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)‐G/T/TiO2composites.In the photocatalytic degradation of2‐propanol(IPA),the catalytic activity of the composite containing negatively charged graphene was higher than of the composite containing positively charged graphene.The highest acetone evolution rate(223?mol/h)was achieved using the ternary composite with the optimum composition,i.e.,G0.5/T5/TiO2(0.5wt%graphene and5wt%tourmaline).The involvement of tourmaline and graphene in the composite is believed to facilitate the separation and transportation of electrons and holes photogenerated in TiO2.This synergetic effect could account for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the G/T/TiO2composite.A mechanistic study indicated that O2??radicals and holes were the main reactive oxygen species in photocatalytic degradation of IPA.

Effect of Carbon Content on Electrochemical Properties of LiFePO4/C Composite Cathode

Olivine-type LiFePO4/C composite cathode materials were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method in an inert atmosphere. The glucose was added as conductive precursors before the formation of the crystalline phase. The effects of glucose content on the properties of as-synthesized cathode materials were investigated. The crystal structure and the electrochemical performance were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, laser particle-size distribution measurement and electrochemical performance testing. The material has a single crystal olivine structure with grain-sizes ca. 100-200 nm. SEM micrographs and the corresponding energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS） data confirm that the carbon particulates produced by glucose pyrogenation are uniformly dispersed among the LiFePO4 grains, ensuring a good electronic contact. Impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the ohmic and kinetic contributions to the cell performance. It is found that increasing the carbon content leads to a reduction of the cell impedance due to the reduction of the charge transfer resistance. The galvanostatically charge and discharge tests show that the material obtained by adding 10% C （by mass） gives a maximum discharge capacity of 140.8mA·h·g^-1 at the same rate （C/10）. The material also displays a more stable cycle-life than the others.