利胆化石膏治疗246例胆石症临床观察

胆石症是外科较常见的疾病之一。据国内外资料统计,在急腹症患病率中仅次于急性阑尾炎而居第二位。对于胆石症的治疗,现代医学以手术为主,目前这种疗法病人不易接受,因手术治疗增加病人的痛苦和危险性,复发率达30％一50％。利胆化石膏是我们近年来研制的系列膏药中的一种,经系统的治疗观察,疗效较为满意。现报告如下。 临床资料 本组246例,来源于1988—1992年的门诊及住院病人,全部符合《新药审批规定汇编》中的《中药治疗胆石症的临床研究指导原则》的诊断标准。246例中,男78例,女168例,男女比例为1:2.2;年龄20一60岁,

Enhanced dealkalization of bauxite residue through calcium-activated desulfurization gypsum

A novel integrated approach to remove the free alkalis and stabilize solid-phase alkalinity by controlling the release of Ca from desulfurization gypsum was developed.The combination of recycled FeCl_(3)solution and EDTA activated desulfurization gypsum lowered the bauxite residue pH to 7.20.Moreover,it also improved the residual Ca state,with its contribution to the total exchangeable cations increased(68%-92%).Notably,the slow release of exchangeable Ca introduced through modified desulfurization gypsum induced a phase transition of the alkaline minerals.This treatment stabilized the dealkalization effect of bauxite residue via reducing its overall acid neutralization capacity in abating pH rebound.Hence,this approach can provide guidance for effectively utilizing desulfurization gypsum to achieve stable regulation of alkalinity in bauxite residue.

Effect of integration of mechanical ball milling and flue gas desulfurization gypsum on dealkalization of bauxite residue

The synergistic impact of mechanical ball milling and flue gas desulfurization(FGD)gypsum on the dealkalization of bauxite residue was investigated through integrated analyses of solution chemistry,mineralogy,and microtopography.The results showed a significant decrease in Na_(2)O content(>30 wt.%)of FGD gypsum-treated bauxite residue after 30 min of mechanical ball milling.Mechanical ball milling resulted in differentiation of the elemental distribution,modification of the minerals in crystalline structure,and promotion in the dissolution of alkaline minerals,thus enhancing the acid neutralization capacity of bauxite residue.5 wt.%FGD gypsum combined with 30 min mechanical ball milling was optimal for the dealkalization of bauxite residue.

Resource utilization of hazardous gypsum sludge in oxidation smelting of lead concentrate

Gypsum sludge,a hazardous waste generated by the non-ferrous smelting industry,presents a significant challenge for disposal and utilization.To investigate the feasibility of substituting gypsum sludge for limestone as a flux for smelting,the effects of calcium sulfate(CaSO_(4))and smelting conditions on oxygen-rich smelting of lead concentrate were studied.The interaction between CaSO_(4)and sulfides facilitates the conversion of CaSO_(4)into CaO,which is crucial for slag formation.The order of the influence of sulfide minerals on the conversion of CaSO_(4)is pyrite>sphalerite>galena.When using gypsum sludge exclusively as the calcium source,under optimal conditions with a CaO/SiO_(2)mass ratio of 0.8,an FeO/SiO_(2)mass ratio of 1.2,a melting temperature of 1150℃,an oxygen flow rate of 1.3 L/min,the recovery rates of Pb and Zn in the lead-rich slag reached 85.01%and 95.69%,respectively,with a sulfur content of 2.65 wt%.The As content in the smelting slag obtained by reduction smelting was 0.02 wt%.Resource utilization of gypsum sludge in lead smelting is a feasible method.

心诚石开─—记胆肾结石病专家秦应中

心诚石开─—记胆肾结石病专家秦应中孙志民山西省运城军分区门诊部胆肾结石专科医师秦应中，潜心进行结石病的研究和治疗已有１０余年的历史，独创了一套中医治疗结石的新方法。中央电视台、《解放军报》、《健康报》等新闻单位进行了专题报道，受到社会的广泛关注，患者...

Improvement of alkaline electrochemical characteristics of bauxite residue amendment with organic acid and gypsum

Neutralization of alkaline properties of bauxite residue(BR)by using organic acid and gypsum additions may effectively improve electrochemical properties and alleviate physicochemical barriers to ecological rehabilitation.Mineral acids,citric acid and hybrid acid–gypsum additions were compared for their potential to transform and improve zeta potential,isoelectric point(IEP),surface protonation and active alkaline-OH groups,which are critical factors for further improvement of physicochemical and biological properties later.Isoelectric points of untransformed bauxite residue and six transformed derivatives were determined by using electroacoustic methods.Electrochemical characteristics were significantly improved by the amendments used,resulting in reduced IEP and-OH groups and decreased surface protonation for transformed residues.XRD results revealed that the primary alkaline minerals of cancrinite,calcite and grossular were transformed by the treatments.The treatments of citric acid and gypsum promoted the dissolution of cancrinite.From the SEM examination,citric acid and gypsum treatments contributed to the reduction in IEP and redistribution of-OH groups on particle surfaces.The collective evidence suggested that citric acid and gypsum amendments may be used firstly to rapidly amend bauxite residues for alleviating the caustic conditions prior to the consideration of soil formation in bauxite residue.

Effects of Soluble Ions on Hydration of Calcined Flue Gas Desulphurization Gypsum

The influence of various water soluble cations(K^+,Na^+,Ca^2+,Mg^2+)on the hydration of calcined flue gas desulphurization gypsum was investigated.The results show that all cations but Ca^2+can accelerate the hydration of bassanite.The final crystal size is not largely influenced by different salts,except for Na^+,where the giant crystal with length of>130μm is observed.Current study clarifies the influence of different ions on the hydration of bassanite,which could provide sufficient guide for the pre-treatment of original flue gas desulphurization gypsum before actual application.

Promotion of conversion activity of flue gas desulfurization gypsum into α-hemihydrate gypsum by calcination-hydration treatment

The massive accumulation of flue gas desulfurization(FGD)gypsum produced in the wet limestone-gypsum flue gas desulfurization process not only encroaches on lands but also causes serious environmental pollution.The preparation ofα-hemihydrate gypsum(α-HH)is an important way to achieve high-value utilization of FGD gypsum.Although the glycerol-water solution approach can be used to produceα-HH from FGD gypsum under mild conditions,the transition is kinetically unfavorable in the mixed solution.Here,an easy pretreatment was used to activate FGD gypsum by calcination and hydration to readily complete the transition.The pretreatment deteriorated the crystallinity of FGD gypsum and caused it to form small irregular flaky crystals,which dramatically increased the specific surface area.Additionally,most of the organics adsorbed onto FGD gypsum surfaces were removed after pretreatment.The poor crystallinity,increased specific surface area,and elimination of organics adsorbed onto crystal surfaces effectively improved the conversion activity of FGD gypsum,thereby promoting dihydrate gypsum(DH)dissolution andα-HH nucleation.Overall,the phase transition of FGD gypsum toα-HH is facilitated.

Variation of alkaline characteristics in bauxite residue under phosphogypsum amendment

Aiming at alkaline problem of bauxite residue,this work focused variation of alkaline characteristics in bauxite residue through phosphogypsum treatment.The results demonstrated that the pH of bauxite residue reduced from initial 10.83 to 8.70 when 1.50 wt%phosphogypsum was added for 91 d.The removal rates of free alkali and exchangeable sodium were 97.94%and 75.87%,respectively.Meanwhile,significant positive correlations(P<0.05)existed between pH and free alkali,exchangeable sodium.The effect of free alkali composition was CO3^2–>OH^–>AlO2^–>HCO3^–.In addition,alkaline phase decreased from 52.81%to 48.58%and gypsum stably presented in bauxite residue which continuously provided Ca^2+to inhibit dissolution of combined alkali.Furthermore,phosphogypsum promoted formation of macroaggregate structure,increased Ca^2+,decreased Na+and Al^3+on the surface of bauxite residue significantly,ultimately promoting soil formation in bauxite residue.

Alkalinity stabilization behavior of bauxite residue:Ca-driving regulation characteristics of gypsum

Alkaline anions,include CO3^2–,HCO3^–,Al(OH)4^–,OH^–,continuously released from bauxite residue(BR),will cause a potential disastrous impact on surrounding environment.The composition variation of alkaline anions,alkaline phase transformation pathway,and micro-morphological transition characteristics during the gypsum addition were investigated in an attempt to understand alkalinity stabilization behavior.Results demonstrated that alkaline anions stabilization degree in leachates can reach approximately 96.29%,whilst pH and alkalinity were reduced from 10.47 to 8.15,47.39 mmol/L to 2 mmol/L,respectively.During the alkalinity stabilization,chemical regulation behavior plays significant role in driving the co-precipitation reaction among the critical alkaline anions(CO3^2–,HCO3^–,Al(OH)4^–,OH^–),with calcium carbonate(CaCO3))being the most prevalent among the transformed alkaline phases.In addition,XRD and SEM-EDX analyses of the solid phase revealed that physical immobilization behavior would also influence the stability of soluble alkali and chemical bonded alkali due to released Ca^2+from gypsum which aggregated the clay particles and stabilized them into coarse particles with a blocky structure.These findings will be beneficial for effectively regulating strong alkalinity of BR.

Experimental research of non-burned fly-ash ceramsite

Selected non-burned method and took fly-ash as main material, together with lime and gypsum, to inspire the activity of volcanic ash, took a kind of poly-organics to re-place the clay as binder, and then made small balls with machine, wrapped slurry twice and autoclaved 8 hours at normal atmosphere, made ceramsite in this way can endure higher compression strength. Comparing with common concrete, the ceramsite concrete is about 25% lighter on weight.

Modular Plaster Blocks with a Low Environmental Impact

Plaster is a binder which, compared with other materials as lime and cement Portland, can be considered much less aggressive to the environment. While, in the process of production, Portland cement and lime emits CO2, plaster emits molecules of water in the atmosphere. While the production of lime and cement Portland requires high temperature, plaster needs only 150~C. In spite of these environmental advantages, plaster is relatively little used in Brazil and in the rest of South America. An effort has been made to increase the consumption of this material in housing. In this work, a constructive system was developed using plaster blocks. This rationalized system looks for to reduce the manpower considerably, the times of execution and, consequently, the final costs of the construction. The basic components are three types of main blocks, and from these main blocks, sub-blocks are obtained, so that all the dimensions of the construction are achieved. All the dimensions of blocks, sub-blocks and construction are multiples of the base-unit, 10 cm, basic principle of the modular coordination. So, waste of material is avoided. The blocks developed and the constructions way are presented.

Cooperative removal of Mn^(2+),NH_(4)^(+)-N,PO_(4)^(3-)-P and F−from electrolytic manganese residue leachate and phosphogypsum leachate

Electrolytic manganese residue leachate(EMRL)contains plenty of Mn^(2+) and NH_(4)^(+)-N,and phosphogypsum leachate(PGL)contains large amounts of PO_(4)^(3-)-P and F^(-).Traditional methods of EMRL and PGL discharge could seriously damage the ecological environment.In this study,an innovative method for cooperative removal Mn^(2+),NH_(4)^(+)-N,PO_(4)^(3-)-P,F^(-)from PG and POFT was studied.The result showed that Mn^(2+),PO_(4)^(3-)-P and F^(-)were mainly removed in forms of Mg_(3)Si_(4)O_(10)(OH)_(2),Mn_(3)O_(4),Mn_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),Mg_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O,MnF_(2),MnOOH and Ca_(2)P_(2)O_(7)·2H_(2)O,when LG-MgO was used to adjust the pH value of the system to 9.5,and the volume ratio of EMRL and PGL was 1:4,as well as reaction for 1 h at 25℃.NH_(4)^(+)-N was mainly removed by struvite precipitate,when the molar ratio of N:Mg:P was 1:3:2.4.The concentrations of Mn^(2+),NH_(4)^(+)-N and F^(-)were lower than the integrated wastewater discharge standard.The concentration of PO_(4)^(3-)-P decreased from 254.20 mg/L to 3.21 mg/L.This study provided a new method for EMRL and PGL cooperative harmless treatment.

军医的奉献——记胆肾结石病专家秦应中

山西运城军分区医院胆肾结石专科主治医师素应中,潜心进行结石病的研究与治疗已有10余年,独创了一套中医治疗结石的新方法,受到了社会的广泛关注,患者纷至沓来,同行挑指赞叹。 还是在医校和医院工作期间,秦应中目睹了许多结石病患者长期遭受病痛的折磨,就暗下了攻克此症的决心。

Effect of a comprehensive therapy plus Gushenyutai plaster administered at Guanyuan(CV 4) on male infertility associated with semen non-liquefaction

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of Gushenyutai plaster administered at the Guanyuan(CV4) acupoint on male infertility associated with semen non-liquefaction.METHODS: Sixty-two male patients with infertility caused by semen non-liquefaction were random-ized into a treatment and control group. The control group received comprehensive therapy, which included oral administration of clarithromycin sustained release tablets, hip bath with Zhongyaoxiaoyan granules, prostate massage, and transurethral microwave treatment. The treatment group was administered Gushenyutai plaster in addition to the comprehensive therapy. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. After treatment, the clinical effect and pregnancy rate were assessed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS: The effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group(96.77% vs 70.97%, P<0.05) and the pregnancy rates of the treatment group and control groups were 38.71% and 16.13%, respectively(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The effect of Gushenyutai plaster plus comprehensive therapy was better than that of the comprehensive therapy alone on male infertility induced by semen non-liquefaction.

Water-Extractable Carbon Pools and Microbial Biomass Carbon in Sodic Water-Irrigated Soils Amended with Gypsum and Organic Manures

Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), a small fraction of soil organic matter, has a rapid turnover rate and is a reservoir of labile nutrients. The water-extractable carbon pools provide a fairly good estimate of labile C present in soil and can be easily quantified. Changes in soil MBC and water-extractable organic carbon pools were studied in a 14-year long-term experiment in plots of rice-wheat rotation irrigated with canal water (CW), sodic water (SW, 10-12.5 mmol c L-1 residual sodium carbonate), and SW amended with gypsum with or without application of organic amendments including farmyard manure (FYM), green manure (GM), and wheat straw (WS). Irrigation with SW increased soil exchangeable sodium percentage by more than 13 times compared to irrigation with CW. Sodic water irrigation significantly decreased hot water-extractable organic carbon (HWOC) from 330 to 286 mg kg-1 soil and cold water-extractable organic carbon (CWOC) from 53 to 22 mg kg-1 soil in the top 0-7.5 cm soil layer. In the lower soil layer (7.5-15 cm), reduction in HWOC was not significant. Application of gypsum alone resulted in a decrease in HWOC in the SW plots, whereas an increase was recorded in the SW plots with application of both gypsum and organic amendments in both the soil layers. Nevertheless, application of gypsum and organic amendments increased the mean CWOC as compared with application of gypsum alone. CWOC was significantly correlated with MBC but did not truly reflect the changes in MBC in the treatments with gypsum and organic amendments applied. For the treatments without organic amendments, HWOC was negatively correlated with MBC (r = 0.57*) in the 0-7.5 cm soil layer, whereas for the treatments with organic amendments, both were positively correlated. Irrigation with SW significantly reduced the rice yield by 3 t ha-1 and the yield of rice and wheat by 5 t ha-1 as compared to irrigation with canal water. Application of amendments significantly increased rice and wheat yields. Both the rice yield and the yield of rice and wheat were significantly correlated with MBC (r = 0.49**-0.56**, n = 60). HWOC did not exhibit any relation with the crop yields under the treatments without organic amendments; however, CWOC showed a positive but weak correlation with the crop yields. Therefore, we found that under sodic water irrigation, HWOC or CWOC in the soils was not related to MBC.

Use of a Bioaugmented Organic Soil Amendment in Combination with Gypsum for Withania somnifera Growth on Sodic Soil

Limited availability of organic matter is a problem to sustain crop growth on sodic soil. Organic soil amendments are a costeffective source of nutrients to enhance crop growth. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an organic soil amendment bioaugmented with plant growth-promoting fungi(SF_(OA) ) in combination with gypsum on soil properties and growth and yield attributes of Withania somnifera, one of the most valuable crops of the traditional medicinal system in the world, on a sodic soil at the Aurawan Research Farm of CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. The SF_(OA) used was prepared by pre-enriching farm waste vermicompost with plant growth-promoting fungi before mixing with pressmud and Azadirachta indica seed cake. The application of SF_(OA) at 10 Mg ha^(-1)after gypsum(25.0 Mg ha^(-1)) treatment significantly(P < 0.05) increased root length(by 96%) and biomass(by 125%) of Withania plants compared to the control without SF_(OA) and gypsum. Similarly, the highest withanolide contents were observed in leaves and roots of Withania plants under 10 Mg ha^(-1)SF_(OA) and gypsum. Combined application of SF_(OA) and gypsum also improved physical, chemical and enzymatic properties of the soil, with the soil bulk density decreasing by 25%, water-holding capacity increasing by 121%, total organic C increasing by 90%, p H decreasing by 17% and alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase and cellulase activities increasing by 54%, 128%, 81% and 96%, respectively, compared to those of the control. These showed that application of the SF_(OA) tested in this study might reclaim sodic soil and further support Withania cultivation and results were better when the SF_(OA) was applied after gypsum treatment.