Pesticide packaging waste in Thailand has recently been valued as a kind of commercial product. Selling empty pesticide packaging to reuse/recycling business has been increased in all over the country. Subject to the ...Pesticide packaging waste in Thailand has recently been valued as a kind of commercial product. Selling empty pesticide packaging to reuse/recycling business has been increased in all over the country. Subject to the resource conservation and global climate change, this could be defined as sustainable or green consumption for the most beneficial use of natural resources. However, on the point of environmental and public health, this is the way to disperse harmfulness of pesticide into non-target areas. Human and environmental health risk of exposure due to pesticide residue in such packaging waste could be a co-incident. This paper was aimed to determine a practical model for pesticide packaging waste management appropriate for Thailand based on the context of country＇s circumstances and the best practices reported around the world. Establishing some necessary components has been proposed, i.e. multiple rinse method applied by farmers conscientiously, central collecting site driven by local community, waste recovery program offered by pesticide production enterprises, and sanitary glass bottle washing plant registration and regulations launched by the government. In conclusion, governmental initiative and all stakeholders including in pesticide packaging waste supply chain should be encouraged to contribute their participation towards sustainable management.展开更多
Drug product internationalization（DPI） can be affected by multiple firm-level factors. However, existing studies mainly focus on a single or several factors and the deviation generated by the factors＇ effects on ea...Drug product internationalization（DPI） can be affected by multiple firm-level factors. However, existing studies mainly focus on a single or several factors and the deviation generated by the factors＇ effects on each other has been neglected. We aimed to study the comprehensive influences of firm-level factors on Chinese pharmaceutical firms that chose the DPI mode. Student＇s t tests and Chi Square tests were used to explore the differences between firms with or without DPI modes. Then, logistic regression analysis was used to explore the comprehensive impacts of these 16 variables. Through empirical research, we found the factors influencing the DPI mode of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises and the firm-level factors that influenced DPI mode selection. This study showed that the capacity of enterprise＇s innovation and knowledge absorption were related to the mode selection. Moreover, the education of the top management team significantly contributed to the DPI mode selection of pharmaceutical firms. This study also provided theoretical and empirical evidence for pharmaceutical enterprises when choosing their DPI mode. The internationalization of Chinese pharmaceutical firms remained at the early stage. However, the internationalization of drug products from China would affect the international pharmaceutical supply in the long term.展开更多
文摘Pesticide packaging waste in Thailand has recently been valued as a kind of commercial product. Selling empty pesticide packaging to reuse/recycling business has been increased in all over the country. Subject to the resource conservation and global climate change, this could be defined as sustainable or green consumption for the most beneficial use of natural resources. However, on the point of environmental and public health, this is the way to disperse harmfulness of pesticide into non-target areas. Human and environmental health risk of exposure due to pesticide residue in such packaging waste could be a co-incident. This paper was aimed to determine a practical model for pesticide packaging waste management appropriate for Thailand based on the context of country＇s circumstances and the best practices reported around the world. Establishing some necessary components has been proposed, i.e. multiple rinse method applied by farmers conscientiously, central collecting site driven by local community, waste recovery program offered by pesticide production enterprises, and sanitary glass bottle washing plant registration and regulations launched by the government. In conclusion, governmental initiative and all stakeholders including in pesticide packaging waste supply chain should be encouraged to contribute their participation towards sustainable management.
文摘Drug product internationalization（DPI） can be affected by multiple firm-level factors. However, existing studies mainly focus on a single or several factors and the deviation generated by the factors＇ effects on each other has been neglected. We aimed to study the comprehensive influences of firm-level factors on Chinese pharmaceutical firms that chose the DPI mode. Student＇s t tests and Chi Square tests were used to explore the differences between firms with or without DPI modes. Then, logistic regression analysis was used to explore the comprehensive impacts of these 16 variables. Through empirical research, we found the factors influencing the DPI mode of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises and the firm-level factors that influenced DPI mode selection. This study showed that the capacity of enterprise＇s innovation and knowledge absorption were related to the mode selection. Moreover, the education of the top management team significantly contributed to the DPI mode selection of pharmaceutical firms. This study also provided theoretical and empirical evidence for pharmaceutical enterprises when choosing their DPI mode. The internationalization of Chinese pharmaceutical firms remained at the early stage. However, the internationalization of drug products from China would affect the international pharmaceutical supply in the long term.
