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清前期江南士子北上天津的原因分析 被引量:1
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作者 高鹏 《城市史研究》 CSSCI 2018年第1期308-322,共15页
清前期,出现了江南士子向京津一带转移、集中的现象。当时,长芦盐务中心由沧州转移到天津,盐商广筑园林、资助士子来津盘桓。但这只是外因,江南士子北上有其深层次的内在需求。清初的“江南问题”一直使清朝统治者耿耿于怀,考察清... 清前期,出现了江南士子向京津一带转移、集中的现象。当时,长芦盐务中心由沧州转移到天津,盐商广筑园林、资助士子来津盘桓。但这只是外因,江南士子北上有其深层次的内在需求。清初的“江南问题”一直使清朝统治者耿耿于怀,考察清初发生的文字狱、奏销案和科场案,清政府对南北的处理标准不一,形成了“北松南紧”的政治环境,江南士子的生存环境恶化。康、乾朝两次开博学鸿词科,吸引了大批士子北上应试。另外,由于南北教育基础的差异较大,南人冒北籍成为科考成功的“捷径”,天津府和顺天府成为当时冒籍的重灾区。种种因素共同作用,导致江南士子联翩北上。 展开更多
关键词 江南士子 北上天津 长芦盐商 江南问题
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Comprehensive Assessment and Promotion Policy of Producer Services' Competitiveness in Beijing City:A Comparative Analysis among Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen 被引量:1
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作者 Qiu Ling Fang Chuanglin +1 位作者 Shen Yuming Liu Xiaoli 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2011年第4期82-89,共8页
The five central cities-Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen-of the three most important strategic regions in China,namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region,the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl Riv... The five central cities-Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen-of the three most important strategic regions in China,namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region,the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta,are taken as a comparative analysis on urban producer services' competitiveness,especially focusing on the comparative advantages and disadvantages of producer services in Beijing.Firstly,based on an integrated indicator system including one objective hierarchy,four standard hierarchies and 35 indicator hierarchies,the study applies factor analysis model and analytic hierarchy process model reformed by entropy technology to measure the comprehensive competitiveness of producer services in the above five cities.Secondly,Beijing has comparative advantages of capital resource,industrial base,scientific research resource and market scale,since it takes the first place of the five cities in the comprehensive competitiveness of producer services,the competitiveness of industrial development,business environment and living environment,only inferior to Shanghai in the competitiveness of talent capital.Thirdly,Beijing has comparative disadvantages in the level of producer services development,urban innovation capability and living environment.Finally,five proposals are put forth to enhance the competitiveness of producer services in Beijing,namely perfecting the system of laws and statutes,supporting the development of industry association,implementing scientific development planning,introducing preferential fiscal and taxation policies and strengthening human capital reserve. 展开更多
关键词 producer services COMPETITIVENESS comparative analysis factor analysis model Beijing City
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