Ground level ozone pollution has become a significant air pollution problem in Beijing. Because of the complex way in which ozone is formed, it is difficult for policy makers to identify optimal control options on a c...Ground level ozone pollution has become a significant air pollution problem in Beijing. Because of the complex way in which ozone is formed, it is difficult for policy makers to identify optimal control options on a cost-effective basis. This paper identi-fies and assesses a range of options for addressing this problem. We apply the Ambient Least Cost Model and compare the eco-nomic costs of control options, then recommend the most effective sequence to realize pollution control at the lowest cost. The study finds that installing of Stage II gasoline vapor recovery system at Beijing's 1446 gasoline stations would be the most cost-effective option. Overall, options to reduce ozone pollution by cutting ve-hicular emissions are much more cost-effective than options to "clean up" coal-fired power plants.展开更多
This paper analyzes a total of 294 master thesis topics for students at Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation （GSTI）, Beijing Foreign Studies University （BFSU） between years 2006-2010 and 160 topics at...This paper analyzes a total of 294 master thesis topics for students at Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation （GSTI）, Beijing Foreign Studies University （BFSU） between years 2006-2010 and 160 topics at Graduate Institute of Interpretation and Translation （GIIT）, Shanghai International Studies University （SH1SU） between years 2007-2013, with the purpose of establishing correlations between thesis topics and curriculum development, comparing and contrasting the topics between BFSU and SHISU. The study is both quantitative and qualitative. Over the years students of BFSU and SHISU have shown a progress of possessing more and more appropriate methodological expertise in selecting research topics. More and more students have examined relatively new translation theories. We also see a change from picking overdone topics to more and more original topics. Our progress in no small part thanks to our administrative measures. As for GSTI of BFSU, however there is a demand for elective courses to cover areas such as interdisciplinary approaches to translation and multimedia, which are untouched in the current courses that focus on professional translation and interpretation. We might also want to sharpen students＇ language skill in providing purposefully language-rich texts for practices and allowing for more diversified options, such as introducing texts in world literature, ethnic English literature, drama, poetry, and non classics. The GSTI＇s long term cooperation with well-known organizations, both domestic and international, especially with United Nations at Geneva and New York, and European Union, offers students many on site training and field experiences. We might also want to introduce functional research methods, thus students can learn how to transform their field experiences into academic work.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To identify contraceptive use behavior and its determinants among never married young women with an unwanted pregnancy and seeking pregnancy termination in Beijing. MEHTODS: A cross sectional study, adoptin...OBJECTIVE: To identify contraceptive use behavior and its determinants among never married young women with an unwanted pregnancy and seeking pregnancy termination in Beijing. MEHTODS: A cross sectional study, adopting the Lawrence' PRECEDE-PROCEED model was conducted in 1999 in Beijing, China. A total of 306 unmarried young women, aged 18 to 24 years and requesting pregnancy termination, were face to face interviewed. RESULTS: Only 13% of the young women insisted on contraceptive use, and almost an equal proportion occasionally or never used contraceptives (26% and 27%, respectively). Among 224 women who had contraceptive use during the past 12 months, the methods used most often were condom (49%), withdrawal (28%) and the rhythm method (16%). One of the most important reasons cited by 73 percent of women who had never used contraceptives was that they did not realize the risk of getting pregnant. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that knowledge on contraception, boyfriend's approval of contraceptive use, perceived risk of getting pregnant, perceived availability of contraceptive services and discussion of contraception with boyfriend were important indicators of a young woman's contraceptive use behavior. CONCLUSION: These results indicate an urgent need to develop sex education on conception and contraception among young women and men. It is equally important to enhance young women's perception about the risk of unwanted pregnancy and the complications of induced abortion. Promotinga men's cooperation and participation in contraceptive use as well as strengthening communication on contraception between young women and their partners is essential.展开更多
基金supported by the Economyand Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA)Beijing Science and Technology Commission (GrantNo.D09040903670905)+1 种基金Study on the Regional Air PollutionControl Strategy and PolicyShanghai Tongji Gao Tingyao Environmental Science and Technology Development Foundation
文摘Ground level ozone pollution has become a significant air pollution problem in Beijing. Because of the complex way in which ozone is formed, it is difficult for policy makers to identify optimal control options on a cost-effective basis. This paper identi-fies and assesses a range of options for addressing this problem. We apply the Ambient Least Cost Model and compare the eco-nomic costs of control options, then recommend the most effective sequence to realize pollution control at the lowest cost. The study finds that installing of Stage II gasoline vapor recovery system at Beijing's 1446 gasoline stations would be the most cost-effective option. Overall, options to reduce ozone pollution by cutting ve-hicular emissions are much more cost-effective than options to "clean up" coal-fired power plants.
文摘This paper analyzes a total of 294 master thesis topics for students at Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation （GSTI）, Beijing Foreign Studies University （BFSU） between years 2006-2010 and 160 topics at Graduate Institute of Interpretation and Translation （GIIT）, Shanghai International Studies University （SH1SU） between years 2007-2013, with the purpose of establishing correlations between thesis topics and curriculum development, comparing and contrasting the topics between BFSU and SHISU. The study is both quantitative and qualitative. Over the years students of BFSU and SHISU have shown a progress of possessing more and more appropriate methodological expertise in selecting research topics. More and more students have examined relatively new translation theories. We also see a change from picking overdone topics to more and more original topics. Our progress in no small part thanks to our administrative measures. As for GSTI of BFSU, however there is a demand for elective courses to cover areas such as interdisciplinary approaches to translation and multimedia, which are untouched in the current courses that focus on professional translation and interpretation. We might also want to sharpen students＇ language skill in providing purposefully language-rich texts for practices and allowing for more diversified options, such as introducing texts in world literature, ethnic English literature, drama, poetry, and non classics. The GSTI＇s long term cooperation with well-known organizations, both domestic and international, especially with United Nations at Geneva and New York, and European Union, offers students many on site training and field experiences. We might also want to introduce functional research methods, thus students can learn how to transform their field experiences into academic work.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To identify contraceptive use behavior and its determinants among never married young women with an unwanted pregnancy and seeking pregnancy termination in Beijing. MEHTODS: A cross sectional study, adopting the Lawrence' PRECEDE-PROCEED model was conducted in 1999 in Beijing, China. A total of 306 unmarried young women, aged 18 to 24 years and requesting pregnancy termination, were face to face interviewed. RESULTS: Only 13% of the young women insisted on contraceptive use, and almost an equal proportion occasionally or never used contraceptives (26% and 27%, respectively). Among 224 women who had contraceptive use during the past 12 months, the methods used most often were condom (49%), withdrawal (28%) and the rhythm method (16%). One of the most important reasons cited by 73 percent of women who had never used contraceptives was that they did not realize the risk of getting pregnant. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that knowledge on contraception, boyfriend's approval of contraceptive use, perceived risk of getting pregnant, perceived availability of contraceptive services and discussion of contraception with boyfriend were important indicators of a young woman's contraceptive use behavior. CONCLUSION: These results indicate an urgent need to develop sex education on conception and contraception among young women and men. It is equally important to enhance young women's perception about the risk of unwanted pregnancy and the complications of induced abortion. Promotinga men's cooperation and participation in contraceptive use as well as strengthening communication on contraception between young women and their partners is essential.
