夏季热带印度洋季节内振荡的北向传播特征

利用高分辨率的卫星资料和再分析资料,详细地探究1985—2017年夏季(5—10月)热带印度洋季节内振荡(TISO)的北向传播过程和特征。结果表明,印度洋TISO的北向传播可以分为3类:稳定型,对流信号起源于赤道以南,印度洋西部,稳定地向北传播至印度半岛北部;衰减型,前期与稳定型相似,但向北传播至孟加拉湾附近后迅速衰减;增强型,前期在赤道附近信号较弱,大约10天后,对流信号从印度半岛南部开始显著增强,并发展至喜马拉雅山脉以南。TISO北向传播过程中伴随显著的东风切变异常、海表面温度异常和边界层水汽扰动,三者在不同类型的北向传播中起不同的作用。对流事件北侧的海温正异常会促进对流的北向传播,在稳定型和衰减型的赤道传播过程中都起到显著的作用,增强型传播过程中海温正异常在对流南侧更显著,会抑制对流的北向传播。东风垂直切变机制为稳定型和增强型的稳定北向传播提供持续的动力,在事件后期的影响更加显著。边界层水汽扰动的经向不对称性在稳定型事件前后、衰减型事件前期以及增强型事件发生时加剧大气的不稳定性,诱导对流系统向北移动。研究结果有助于提高东南亚夏季季节内降水预测的准确性。

Observational Zonal Mean Flow Anomalies:Vacillation or Poleward Propagation?

North-south displacements and meridional vacillations of the eddy-driven jet are widely accepted as the dominant cause of variability of the observational zonal-mean zonal wind anomalies(denoted [u]').In this study,a new idea regarding the primary variability of the observational [u]' in the middle latitude troposphere is presented.It is hypothesized that there are two different classes of primary variability of the observational [u]':the poleward propagation of the [u]'(abbreviated as PP) and meridional vacillations.To validate this hypothesis,one-point correlation maps of [u]' at 200-hPa during the boreal cold season(November-April) of every year from 1957-2002 are used as a criterion.Twelve PP years,in which the PP events are dominant in the variability of [u]',and 15 no_PP years,in which the PP events are recessive and the meridional vacillations are dominant in the variability of [u]',are examined.The results show that the variabilities of [u]' are different in the chosen PP and no_PP years.In the PP years,the PP events dominate the variability of [u]';however,the meridional vacillations are prevalent in the no_PP years.

The zonal propagating characteristics of low-frequency oscillation over the Eurasian mid-high latitude in boreal summer

Using 32-yr National Centers for Environment Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCEP-NCAR) reanalysis data,we investigated zonal propagation and circulation characteristics of the low-frequency circulation for the prevailing period over Eurasian mid-high latitude in boreal summer(May-August) in terms of empirical orthogonal function(EOF),linear regression,and phase analysis and so on.We found that the dominant periods of the low-frequency circulation are 10-30 days and it clearly shows meridional(southward) and zonal(westward) propagation features at the middle troposphere(500 hPa).The average zonal speed of the 10-30 days low-frequency oscillation(LFO) is about 9-10 longitudes per day.Further analysis shows that the southernmost part of the polar vortex in the northern hemisphere exhibits westward clockwise rotation in the eastern hemisphere in boreal summer.Also,the southernmost tips of 5400 and 5500 gpm contours,which indicate the site of the major trough in the eastern hemisphere,obviously move westwards.The southernmost tip of 5500 gpm contour line propagates westwards at the speed of about 9-10 longitudes per day,which is consistent with the mean zonal speed of the westward propagation of the low-frequency circulation.Moreover,the 10-30-day LFO-related cold air also shows west propagation feature with respect to LFO phases.The westward propagation of the LFO is the low-frequency-scale embodiment of the clockwise rotation of polar vortex.The cold air activities closely related to polar vortex or to ridge-trough system activities is the essential circulation of 10-30 days LFO circulation over the Eurasian mid-high latitude in boreal summer.