滇文化与北方地区文化及族群关系研究

滇文化是战国至西汉时期位于云贵高原滇池区域的一支风格独特的考古学文化, 以数量众多、 特征鲜明的青铜器、 金器、 玉石器等闻名于世, 是中国青铜文化的一朵奇葩. 从文化特征来看, 既有源自云贵高原新石器时代文化的特征, 也有大量来自周边地区, 如中原、 巴蜀、 岭南等文化的影响, 还有来自更为遥远的欧亚草原、 南亚, 甚至西亚地区的因素, 因此滇文化是杂糅了大量其他地区文化因素的一支复合型文化. 其中, 北方地区的文化因素占据了较为重要的地位, 使其显得与周边一些典型农耕民族的青铜文化差异较大, 呈现出独特的地方特色.

滇文化与北方地区文化及族群关系研究

滇文化是战国至西汉时期位于云贵高原滇池区域的一支风格独特的考古学文化,以数量众多、特征鲜明的青铜器、金器、玉石器等闻名于世,是中国青铜文化的一朵奇葩。从文化特征来看,既有源自云贵高原新石器时代文化的特征,也有大量来自周边地区如中原、巴蜀、岭南等文化的影响,还有来自更为遥远的欧亚草原、南亚甚至西亚地区的因素,因此滇文化是杂糅了大量其他地区文化因素的一支复合型文化。其中,北方地区的文化因素占据了较为重要的地位,使其显得与周边一些典型农业民族的青铜文化差异较大,呈现出独特的地方特色。

Cultural Landscape Evolution of Traditional Agricultural Villages in North China——Case of Qianzhai Village in Shandong Province

Agricultural village is an important rural type in China. The evolution process and mechanism of its cultural landscape are different from those of the industrialized village. The paper focuses this theme by a case study of Qianzhai Village of Qufu City, Shangdong Province. In the case of Qianzhai Village, the evolution of its settlement has experienced three stages: mechanical expansion, sprawling expansion and hollowing, and recentralization. The land- scape evolution of residents' houses has undergone three phases: traditional quadrangle house, one-storied house and multistoried house. The evolution of its land use has experienced three stages: circled stratification, fragment and intensive use, and concentration and extensive use. We can see that the main driving factors of cultural landscape evolu- tion of agricultural village are the changes of rural population, society, economy and culture, which are influenced by the change of urban-rural relation, the national modernization process and economic development, the reform of family planning and land system, and the changes in governmental policies. In the future, the modernization, ecological trend, and individualization for residents' houses of agricultural villages in China will develop step by step. The recentralization of settlement and the scaled, sustainable, intensive land use are likely to be the trends of agricultural villages in China.

Tourist Industry Promotion： Aim to Introduce Thai Local Foods Matching With Northern Program＇s Tours to Serve Sustainable Tourism

Tourist industry had been promoted and become one of the important strategies of Thai government for socioeconomic development for years and become successful by ranking--Thailand becomes well-known as top ranking to visit from tourists around the world. When people travel, foods are always needed to fulfill human needs and the satisfaction of the travelers. The objectives of the research were to： （1） survey and determine the local food image and identity of Northern region of Thailand to support tourist industry; （2） survey program＇s tourism in Thailand and study the promotion of local food that had added in the programs＇ tours as tourist destination; （3） find out the possibility of local food and culture for promotion in tourist industry of Northern region in Thailand; （4） develop gastronomy tourism＇s routing. The population were the subject persons who are experts in tourist industry, Northern foods restaurant owner, and program＇s tour. Mixed method was used for data collection and analysis. The result of the research is revealed into four parts： Phase 1： （1） Thai Northern region had been divided into two part： upper Northern and lower Northern region. There are eight provinces in upper Northern region： Chingmai, Chingrai, Lampoon, Lampang, Prayao, Phare, Nan, and Mae-Hongsorn. Chingmai was the capital of ＂Lanna territory （1558-1774）＂ rich with culture; （2） Upper Northern local foods related to the legend, have their own characters and are still available to get to eat; （3） Northern local food contained with Northern ingredient and indicated as geographical indications; （4） The lower Northern region related with ＂Sukhothai territory （1157-1370）＂, Sukhothai was the capital. There are six provinces in the region： Sukhothai, U-taradid, Tag, Kampangpet, Pidsanuloak, and Petchaboon. Food of the lower Northern provinces had their own characteristics but some of the dishes were influenced with Chinese cuisine, such as noodles. Phase 2： Most of tour companies had included local food in the tour programs to promote Northern local foods in low level. Phase 3： Life＇s pathway of the Northern people lived related to the three seasons： rainy season, cool season, and summer. Each season had different kinds of vegetables and fruits which influence the menus and foods. Eating foods as medicine also related to the season, such as shallot and garlic had added more in foods in cool season, in order to prevent cold of family＇s members. Northern life style always celebrated in all ceremonies with foods, snack, and sweet, such as： wedding, cremation, and community cerebrations which may be promoted in tour program as their ways of living with sustainable, in order to promote socioeconomic development in the community. Phase 4： The gastronomy tourism was developed into five routings to promote tourist industry in the Northern part of Thailand as the following： （1） gateway to reach ＂Lanna＂; （2）window to visit the Northern part of Thailand; （3） pay respect to the Buddha and visit dynasty heritage; （4） visit the peaceful and tranquilly heritage; and （5） visit Thailand＇s border with boundless. Conclusion： Thai local lifestyle, culture, and local foods in the Northern part of Thailand, contained rich image and identity of history, legend, and human diversity, which are worth and valuable for promoting as tourist industry in the Northern part of Thailand and also conserved job absorption and community development. Therefore the government of Thailand and tour companies ought to promote Thai local foods as value added and tourist industry which also benefit for the sustainable socioeconomic development in long future.

从辽金造像的艺术表达看佛教中国化

辽金时期的佛教造像艺术主要分布在辽宁、河北、山西等地,是中原地区与北方地区文化艺术融合的产物,以雄壮威严的形态、丰富的装饰和精湛的工艺闻名,在中国佛教造像艺术史上占有重要地位。辽金两代前后衔接,留在北方地区的很多历史遗存风格相近,因此统称为“辽金”。辽、金是由北方少数民族入主北国所建的政权,在宋、辽、金诸王朝对峙的时代背景下。