The characteristics of climatic change and fiver runoff, as well as the response of fiver runoff to climatic change in the northern Xinjiang are analyzed on the basis of the hydrological and meteorological data over t...The characteristics of climatic change and fiver runoff, as well as the response of fiver runoff to climatic change in the northern Xinjiang are analyzed on the basis of the hydrological and meteorological data over the last 50 years by the methods of Mann-Kendall nonparametric test and the nonlinear regression model. The results show that： 1） The temperature and the precipitation increased significantly in the whole northern Xinjiang, but the precipitation displayed no obvious change, or even a decreasing trend in the northern mountainous area of the northern Xinjiang. 2） River runoff varied in different regions in the northern Xinjiang. It significantly increased in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the north of the northern Xinjiang （p = 0.05）, while slightly ificreased in the west of the northern Xinjiang. 3） North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） affects fiver runoff by influencing temperature and precipitation. The NAO and precipitation had apparent significant correlations with the fiver runoff, but the temperature did not in the northern Xinjiang. Since the mid-1990s fiver runoff increase was mainly caused by the increasing temperature in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the north of the northern Xinjiang. Increased precipitation resulted in increased fiver runoff in the west of the northern Xinjiang.展开更多
Volvariella volvacea is a popular variety because of its distinct flavor, pleasant taste, higher protein content and shorter cropping duration compared with other cultivated mushrooms. It is also the most expensive mu...Volvariella volvacea is a popular variety because of its distinct flavor, pleasant taste, higher protein content and shorter cropping duration compared with other cultivated mushrooms. It is also the most expensive mushroom in artificial mushrooms.With the development of economy and the industrialization of edible fungi, more and more straw mushroom has been cultivated in northern China, and southern mushroom is moving to northern areas. In this study, based on many years of cultivation experience, the high yield cultivating techniques of V. volvacea was summarized. V. volvacea cultivation consists of five steps, i.e.,composting, pasteurization, spawning, pining and harvesting.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to implement ＂Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT）＂ model to examine the effects of land use change scenarios; associated with crop rotations and special cultivation techniques most s...The purpose of this paper is to implement ＂Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT）＂ model to examine the effects of land use change scenarios; associated with crop rotations and special cultivation techniques most susceptible to erosion; exert on runoff discharge and sediment yield from Song Cau catchment in Northern Viet Nam. All scenarios＇ simulations resulted in a decrease of soil losses and sediment yield comparing to the current land use status. SWAT successfully predicted soil losses from different HRUs that caused significant sediment yield, and it predicted explicitly the consequences of non-structural mitigation measures against erosion.展开更多
More than 30 ethnic groups are now living in northern mountainous regions, Vietnam, mainly relying on shifting cultivation with the fallow period being shortened from time to time. Naturally, soil fertility reduces fr...More than 30 ethnic groups are now living in northern mountainous regions, Vietnam, mainly relying on shifting cultivation with the fallow period being shortened from time to time. Naturally, soil fertility reduces from cycle to cycle, entailing the reduction of productivity. Large areas of moderately sloping lands suitable for upland agriculture have become bare after many cultivation-fallow cycles. The soils there have been severely degraded with more toxicity, low porosity, low water retention capacity and poor floral diversity. Normally, these lands cannot be used for food crop cultivation. So farmers in uplands have to rely on slash-and-burn practices for their livelihood. As there is no more forest with good soil in medium slopes, farmers go to cut forests in watershed, high slope lands and old forests up to the mountains’ top. There are ecologically and environmentally very sensitive areas, so their destruction will inevitably cause hazardous consequences in the whole basin. Meanwhile, cultivation in these areas has low economic efficiency and sustainability because the crop yield may decrease very fast due to severe erosion as the higher the slope, the more serious erosion. Consequently living standards of highland farmers remain low and unstable. Sustainable farming on these lands in the perspective of a seriously deteriorated ecology and environmental is not an easy task. There have been many projects trying to help mountainous farmers get out of their vicious circle. However, due to different reasons, the results gained are low, and in some cases, things ceased to move after the projects phased out. During past few years, based on the farmer experiences, the Vietnam Agricultural Science Institute has cooperated with local and international partners to implement different projects in order to solve the problems by developing simple, easy and cheap cultivation technologies, which can be accepted and applied by local poor farmers for sustainable agricultural production. The first results of our activities offered good opportunities for sustain food production, improve soil health, recharge of aquifers, and enhanced household income for better rural lively hoods in the upland eco-regions of northern Vietnam.展开更多
With SAM shear-wave splitting analysis,shear-wave splitting parameters at two stations of the digital seismic network in the northeast of Hainan are obtained based on the data from the Hainan Digital Seismic Network f...With SAM shear-wave splitting analysis,shear-wave splitting parameters at two stations of the digital seismic network in the northeast of Hainan are obtained based on the data from the Hainan Digital Seismic Network from 2000 to 2013. The results show that the predominant polarization direction of fast share-wave represents the direction of in-situ maximum principal compressive stress. The predominant polarizations of Qixingling( QXL) seismic station are in the NEE direction,which is different from the direction of principal compressive stress of the Hainan area,but same as the strikes of faults in the NE direction,which means that the local tectonics and stress fields are complicated. The predominant polarization of Qingshanling( QSL) seismic station is in the NNE-NS direction,which indicates the tectonic significance of the strikes of NNE-trending faults.At the same time,the study confirms that the predominant polarizations of the stations located on active faults or at the junctions of several active faults are parallel to the strikes of faults which control the earthquakes used in this analysis, and the predominant polarizations are scattered,which indicates the complicated background of fault structures and stress distribution.展开更多
Archaeological and ancient DNA studies revealed that Shandong,a multi-culture center in northern coastal China,was home to ancient populations having ancestry related to both northern and southern East Asian populatio...Archaeological and ancient DNA studies revealed that Shandong,a multi-culture center in northern coastal China,was home to ancient populations having ancestry related to both northern and southern East Asian populations.However,the limited temporal and geographical range of previous studies have been insufficient to describe the population history of this region in greater detail.Here,we report the analysis of 86 complete mitochondrial genomes from the remains of 9500 to 1800-year-old humans from12 archaeological sites across Shandong.For samples older than 4600 years before present(BP),we found haplogroups D4,D5,B4 c1,and B5 b2,which are observed in present-day northern and southern East Asians.For samples younger than 4600 BP,haplogroups C(C7 a1 and C7 b),M9(M9 a1),and F(F1 a1,F2 a,and F4 a1)begin to appear,indicating changes in the Shandong maternal genetic structure starting from the beginning of the Longshan cultural period.Within Shandong,the genetic exchange is possible between the coastal and inland regions after 3100 BP.We also discovered the B5 b2 lineage in Shandong populations,with the oldest Bianbian individual likely related to the ancestors of some East Asians and North Asians.By reconstructing a maternal genetic structure of Shandong populations,we provide greater resolution of the population dynamics of the northern coastal East Asia over the past nine thousand years.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-127, KZCX2-XB2-03-01, KZCX2-Q10-5-4)
文摘The characteristics of climatic change and fiver runoff, as well as the response of fiver runoff to climatic change in the northern Xinjiang are analyzed on the basis of the hydrological and meteorological data over the last 50 years by the methods of Mann-Kendall nonparametric test and the nonlinear regression model. The results show that： 1） The temperature and the precipitation increased significantly in the whole northern Xinjiang, but the precipitation displayed no obvious change, or even a decreasing trend in the northern mountainous area of the northern Xinjiang. 2） River runoff varied in different regions in the northern Xinjiang. It significantly increased in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the north of the northern Xinjiang （p = 0.05）, while slightly ificreased in the west of the northern Xinjiang. 3） North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） affects fiver runoff by influencing temperature and precipitation. The NAO and precipitation had apparent significant correlations with the fiver runoff, but the temperature did not in the northern Xinjiang. Since the mid-1990s fiver runoff increase was mainly caused by the increasing temperature in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the north of the northern Xinjiang. Increased precipitation resulted in increased fiver runoff in the west of the northern Xinjiang.
基金Supported by the Earmarked Fund for Shanghai Modern Edible Fungi-industry Technology Research System(Grant No.201709)
文摘Volvariella volvacea is a popular variety because of its distinct flavor, pleasant taste, higher protein content and shorter cropping duration compared with other cultivated mushrooms. It is also the most expensive mushroom in artificial mushrooms.With the development of economy and the industrialization of edible fungi, more and more straw mushroom has been cultivated in northern China, and southern mushroom is moving to northern areas. In this study, based on many years of cultivation experience, the high yield cultivating techniques of V. volvacea was summarized. V. volvacea cultivation consists of five steps, i.e.,composting, pasteurization, spawning, pining and harvesting.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to implement ＂Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT）＂ model to examine the effects of land use change scenarios; associated with crop rotations and special cultivation techniques most susceptible to erosion; exert on runoff discharge and sediment yield from Song Cau catchment in Northern Viet Nam. All scenarios＇ simulations resulted in a decrease of soil losses and sediment yield comparing to the current land use status. SWAT successfully predicted soil losses from different HRUs that caused significant sediment yield, and it predicted explicitly the consequences of non-structural mitigation measures against erosion.
文摘More than 30 ethnic groups are now living in northern mountainous regions, Vietnam, mainly relying on shifting cultivation with the fallow period being shortened from time to time. Naturally, soil fertility reduces from cycle to cycle, entailing the reduction of productivity. Large areas of moderately sloping lands suitable for upland agriculture have become bare after many cultivation-fallow cycles. The soils there have been severely degraded with more toxicity, low porosity, low water retention capacity and poor floral diversity. Normally, these lands cannot be used for food crop cultivation. So farmers in uplands have to rely on slash-and-burn practices for their livelihood. As there is no more forest with good soil in medium slopes, farmers go to cut forests in watershed, high slope lands and old forests up to the mountains’ top. There are ecologically and environmentally very sensitive areas, so their destruction will inevitably cause hazardous consequences in the whole basin. Meanwhile, cultivation in these areas has low economic efficiency and sustainability because the crop yield may decrease very fast due to severe erosion as the higher the slope, the more serious erosion. Consequently living standards of highland farmers remain low and unstable. Sustainable farming on these lands in the perspective of a seriously deteriorated ecology and environmental is not an easy task. There have been many projects trying to help mountainous farmers get out of their vicious circle. However, due to different reasons, the results gained are low, and in some cases, things ceased to move after the projects phased out. During past few years, based on the farmer experiences, the Vietnam Agricultural Science Institute has cooperated with local and international partners to implement different projects in order to solve the problems by developing simple, easy and cheap cultivation technologies, which can be accepted and applied by local poor farmers for sustainable agricultural production. The first results of our activities offered good opportunities for sustain food production, improve soil health, recharge of aquifers, and enhanced household income for better rural lively hoods in the upland eco-regions of northern Vietnam.
基金founded by the Scientific and Technological Program of Earthquake Administration of Hainan Province(2013)
文摘With SAM shear-wave splitting analysis,shear-wave splitting parameters at two stations of the digital seismic network in the northeast of Hainan are obtained based on the data from the Hainan Digital Seismic Network from 2000 to 2013. The results show that the predominant polarization direction of fast share-wave represents the direction of in-situ maximum principal compressive stress. The predominant polarizations of Qixingling( QXL) seismic station are in the NEE direction,which is different from the direction of principal compressive stress of the Hainan area,but same as the strikes of faults in the NE direction,which means that the local tectonics and stress fields are complicated. The predominant polarization of Qingshanling( QSL) seismic station is in the NNE-NS direction,which indicates the tectonic significance of the strikes of NNE-trending faults.At the same time,the study confirms that the predominant polarizations of the stations located on active faults or at the junctions of several active faults are parallel to the strikes of faults which control the earthquakes used in this analysis, and the predominant polarizations are scattered,which indicates the complicated background of fault structures and stress distribution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41672021,41925009,91731303,and 41630102)“Research on the Roots of Chinese Civilization”of Zhengzhou University(XKZDJC202006)+4 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB26000000,XDA1905010,and QYZDB-SSW-DQC003)the Tencent Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZEthe Howard Hughes Medical Institute(55008731)the National Social Science Foundation of China(15CKG013)the Shandong University Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Team of Young Scholars(2020QNQT018)。
文摘Archaeological and ancient DNA studies revealed that Shandong,a multi-culture center in northern coastal China,was home to ancient populations having ancestry related to both northern and southern East Asian populations.However,the limited temporal and geographical range of previous studies have been insufficient to describe the population history of this region in greater detail.Here,we report the analysis of 86 complete mitochondrial genomes from the remains of 9500 to 1800-year-old humans from12 archaeological sites across Shandong.For samples older than 4600 years before present(BP),we found haplogroups D4,D5,B4 c1,and B5 b2,which are observed in present-day northern and southern East Asians.For samples younger than 4600 BP,haplogroups C(C7 a1 and C7 b),M9(M9 a1),and F(F1 a1,F2 a,and F4 a1)begin to appear,indicating changes in the Shandong maternal genetic structure starting from the beginning of the Longshan cultural period.Within Shandong,the genetic exchange is possible between the coastal and inland regions after 3100 BP.We also discovered the B5 b2 lineage in Shandong populations,with the oldest Bianbian individual likely related to the ancestors of some East Asians and North Asians.By reconstructing a maternal genetic structure of Shandong populations,we provide greater resolution of the population dynamics of the northern coastal East Asia over the past nine thousand years.
