级配不连续碎砾石粗细颗粒区分粒径比较分析

粗细颗粒区分粒径是级配不连续碎砾石细粒含量判别法判定渗透变形类型重要指标,目前通常使用的有定值法的2 mm和颗粒级配曲线中平缓段最小粒径(平均粒径),为进一步验证这2个典型方法和量值的符合性、适宜性,统计了26个工程121个试样的渗透变形试验结果进行比较。结果表明:2种方法和量值的渗透变形类型判断结果与试验结果符合率较高,分别为85.5%和84.6%,均可作为粗细颗粒区分粒径,但若和级配连续碎砾石渗透变形类型判断综合考虑,推荐2mm作为级配不连续碎砾石粗细颗粒区分粒径。

连续级配碎砾石粗细颗粒区分粒径分析

粗细颗粒区分粒径是连续级配碎砾石细粒含量判别法判别渗透变形类型重要指标,但目前为止,粗细颗粒区分粒径确定方法和量值均不一致,为验证2个典型方法及量值的适宜性和符合性,统计分析了45个工程179个试样的渗透变形试验结果,结果表明,定值法中以2 mm作为粗细颗粒区分粒径时,其渗透变形类型判断结果与试验结果符合率达80.7%,远高于变值法中以(d_(70)d_(10))^(1/2)为区分粒径时的符合率54.2%。推荐以2 mm作为不均匀连续级配碎砾石粗细颗粒区分粒径。

不同粒径石灰岩弃渣客土改良效果分析

生态环境的保护与治理是目前世界关注和研究的重点,以石灰岩弃渣为研究对象,重点解决目前工程弃渣改良利用客土施用量大的难题。为了获取不同粒径区间弃渣混合客土改良的最优比例,试验选取北京房山石灰岩采石场弃渣,筛分成4种粒径区间,并按比例混合客土,撒播高羊茅种子,进行盆栽试验。通过测定不同配比弃渣的密度、孔隙度、毛管持水量和最大持水量,以及高羊茅植株的保存率、生长高度、生物量和根茎比,获取添加不同比例客土的改良效果和高羊茅生长状况。结果显示:客土改良石灰岩弃渣的影响体现需要一定的灌溉沉降过程,不同粒径弃渣土壤水分性质受客土添加量影响,相关性顺序为20~40 mm<10~20 mm<2 mm<2~10 mm,高羊茅在不同粒径弃渣生长受客土添加量的影响,其相关性影响顺序为2 mm<2~10 mm<10~20 mm<20~40 mm,客土最适添加比例为<2 mm和2~10 mm粒径弃渣添加40%,10~20和20~40 mm粒径弃渣添加60%。研究结果可为不同粒径石灰岩弃渣资源化利用及客土改良,提供理论和数据参考。

Multi-path routing algorithm in WSN using an improvedparticle swarm optimization

To slove the problems of constrained energy and unbalanced load of wireless sensor network(WSN)nodes,a multipath load balancing routing algorithm based on neighborhood subspace cooperation is proposed.The algorithm adopts the improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm,takes the shortest distance and minimum energy consumption as optimization target and divides the nodes in one-hop neighborhood near the base station area into different regions.Furthermore,the algorithm designs a fitness function to find the best node in each region as a relay node and forward the data in parallel through the different paths of the relay nodes.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce energy consumption and average end-to-end delay,balance network load and prolong network lifetime effectively.

MEASUREMENTS OF PARTICLE NUMBER SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AND NEW PARTICLE FORMATION EVENTS DURING WINTER IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION,CHINA

Particle number size distribution(PNSD) between 10 nm and 20 μm were measured in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region in winter 2011.The average particle number concentration of the nucleation mode(10-20 nm),Aitken mode(20-100 nm),accumulation mode(100 nm-1μm) and coarse mode(1-20 μm) particles were 1 552,7 470,4 012,and 19 cm-3,respectively.The volume concentration of accumulation mode particles with peak at 300 nm accounted for over 70% of the total volume concentration.Diurnal variations and dependencies on meteorological parameters of PNSD were investigated.The diurnal variation of nucleation mode particles was mainly influenced by new particle formation events,while the diurnal variation of Aitken mode particles correlated to the traffic emission and the growth process of nucleation mode particles.When the PRD region was controlled by a cold high pressure,conditions of low relative humidity,high wind speed and strong radiation are favorable for the occurrence of new particle formation(NPF) events.The frequency of occurrence of NPF events was 21.3% during the whole measurement period.Parameters describing NPF events,including growth rate(GR) and source rate of condensable vapor(Q),were slightly larger than those in previous literature.This suggests that intense photochemical and biological activities may be the source of condensable vapor for particle growth,even during winter in the PRD.

Soil Aggregates and Fractal Features under Different Land Use Types in a Frequent Debris Flow Area

The stability of soil aggregates and the fractal characteristics of four typical land use types(farmland,grassland,woodland,and bare land) in the Jiangjiagou Ravine(Yunnan,China),a frequent debris flow occurring area,were studied according to the normal mean mass diameter and fractal theory.The present research showed that the stability of the soil aggregates was different for the different land use types.When the soil depth was 0-30 cm,farmland soil formed more aggregates with diameters greater than 0.25 mm,i.e.,the farmland soil was more stable than that of the other three land uses.When the soil depth was 30-45 cm,the order of stability of the soil aggregates was woodland > grassland > farmland > bare land.The fractal dimensions had a significant linear positive correlation with the amount of soil particles with diameters of <0.25 mm,and a significant negative linear correlation with the amount of soil particles with diameters of 0.25-0.5 mm,0.5-1 mm and 1-2 mm.Smaller fractal dimensions of the soil particles correlated with more stable soil aggregates.The fractal dimensions had a positive linear correlation with the soil bulk density and a negative correlation with the concentration of organic matter.These results showed that soil aggregates can be used as a parameter for characterizing the soil structures and properties.According to these results,the soil particle fractal dimensions could not only objectively characterize the stability of the soil structure but also could be used to indicate soil structure and properties.In addition,these results have great significance for the discussion of the comprehensive evaluation of soil.