黔东南区域民族文学创作的思考

黔东南是中国贵州少数民族的一块热土,这里居住着苗、侗等民族,人口近400万。黔东南山多地少,社区由若干个山乡自然组成,拥有城镇不多,也不发达,这里人们的生活习俗原始古朴,民风民情优良纯正,文化艺术丰富多彩,其中如苗族银饰、龙舟、铜鼓、芦笙、蜡染、刺绣、鼓楼建筑、侗族大歌等等,不仅独具特色,而且很有美学价值,一再赢得了国际声誉,根植于这块神奇土地上的黔东南文学,本来可以因地制宜,发挥优势,一展雄风,光照人世,造就伟大的作家。然而,这里的文学事业发展滞后,甚至民族文学创作还呈现了弱化趋势。对此,有必要进行深入反思,找出滞后和弱化的根本原因,谋求新的发展。 文学的发展繁荣,要具备的条件是多方面的。和全国其他地区相比,相对落后的黔东南也许还不具备文学发展繁荣的必要条件,因此文学事业的发展滞后是可以理解的。但是,文学的发展并不与社会经济的发展成正比,何况发展的条件还可以通过人的努力去创造呢?认真去分析研究黔东南区域民族文学创作的情形,就会发现,问题出在作者身上:他们对民族生活的认识还不够。他们的思想和艺术修养还有待提高。

巴金与巴蜀文化

巴金自诉,其“作品只能说是一个年轻人的热情的自白和控诉”,强烈的主观热情和政治批判态度,使他不太注重民俗风貌的描写,以致于李健吾认为,“不长于描写”的巴金,只能“用叙事抵补描写的缺陷”,因此有学者提出:“要研究四川文学与巴蜀文化,选择巴金也不太合适”.但是追求“创作与生活的一致”,力求“真实”地表现出自己亲历社会人生,巴金的创作必然会表现自己所处的区域人生状貌和生存形态,体现出特定生活环境及文化背景的模塑影响,他的作品必然地要体现出一定程度的巴蜀文化特征.

Impacts of land use and climate change on regional net primary productivity

Combined with recent historical climate data and two periods of land use datasets from remote sensing data, we test the net primary productivity (NPP) data sets in North Chinamodelled by the satellite data-driven Global Production Efficiency Model (GLO-PEM) for detecting thewidespread spatial and temporal characteristics of the impacts of climate and land use change onthe regional NPP. Our results show that over the past 20 years, the mean annual temperature in thestudy region has remarkably increased by more than 0.064 ℃, but over the same period, there hasbeen a 1.49 mm decrease in annual precipitation and decrease in NPP by an annual rate of 6.9 TgC.The NPP changes in the study region were greatly affected by the average temperature andprecipitation by ten-day periods as well as the seasonal temperature and precipitation in the studyregion. The correlation between seasonal NPP and seasonal precipitation and temperature is highlyconsistent with land cover spatially, and the correlation coefficient changes with the changes ofvegetation types. The analysis reveals that the related areas in land use change only take up 5.45%of the whole studied region, so the climate changes dominate the impacts on the NPP in the wholestudy region (90% of the total). However, land use plays an absolute dominative role in areas withland cover changes, accounting for 97% of the total. From 1981 to 2000, the NPP in the whole studyregion remarkably reduced due to obvious precipitation decrease and temperature rise. Between twoperiods of land use (about 10 years), the changes in climate are predicted to promote a decrease inNPP by 78 ( + -0.6) TgC, and integrated impacts of climate changes and land use to promote adecrease in NPP by 87(+-0.8) TgC.

Taxonomic Clarification of A Well-Known Pathogenic Scuticociliate,Miamiensis avidus Thompson&Moewus,1964(Ciliophora,Scuticociliatia)

Miamiensis avidus Thompson & Moewus,1964,is a cosmopolitan and well-known marine pathogenic ciliated protist.However,the taxonomy of this species up to now has remained controversial,especially with respect to the validity of the morphologically similar species,Philasterides dicentrarchi,which was considered as a junior synonym of M.avidus.In this study,a population of M.avidus was collected from the skin of pharaoh cuttlefish(Sepia pharaonis) cultured near the East China Sea,Ningbo,China and its morphology and phylogeny were investigated in detail based on living characters,infraciliature,small subunit(SSU) r DNA and ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2 region sequences.In addition,the morphometrics of a previously reported free-living population,collected from the Bohai Sea,were rechecked and analyzed.We compared the present two isolates with all historic populations of M.avidus and P.dicentrarchi,and found that their morphological characters were either highly similar or exactly identical,indicating that they are the same morphospecies.However,the phylogenetic analyses based on SSU r DNA or ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2 region sequences revealed that most M.avidus and P.dicentrarchi populations formed one clade,and the two isolates of M.avidus from Weifang and American Type Culture Collection clustered in another clade,which indicated that there might be cryptic species in Miamiensis avidus.

CLOBAL CHARM OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER DELTA

Based on the theory of geo-economy,under the new situation of global economy,information network and China’s entry into WTO,also with the holding of APEC (in 2001) and the International Exposition in the near future,the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta is striding toward the spectacular international multi-polar situation and becomes one of core regions with high-speed development. Facing the ocean and world all along,leading the progressive tides of the age and scintillating the splendor of the nation,she does advance with time. Through a long period of irrigation projects construction and intensive operation of lands in previous agricultural society,the artificial wetland ecosystem with a positive cycle had ever been formed in this region. At present,environmental pollution and urban expansion resulted from post-industrialization are being rectified. The delta will be the paradigm of industrial and agricultural modernization along the sustainable development road. With the rapid development of urbanization,she has been one of the regions with the highest density population and high urbanization level. Taking the Changjiang River estuary and the Hangzhou Bay as two parts,she is continuously strengthening and adjusting her interior structure,expanding mothball space and constructing the oriental modern "logistics center" to link the whole world. The butterfly-style urban system of the Changjiang River Delta is flying,probably engendering earthshaking "butterfly effect".

Regional Difference in Social Capital and Its Impact on Regional Economic Growth in China

Social capital has played an increasingly important role in regional development.China is a country with high stocks of social capital.Using several different indicators of social capital,this study tries to research the regional disparities in social capital and the influence of social capital on economic growth of China in 1978-2004.Measuring social capital with indicators of associations,charities and blood donation rates,this study finds significant regional disparities in social capital at provincial level in China.Those indicators for social capital are highly correlated with regional economic performance.Statistical analysis shows that social capital has a significant and positive effect on a long-term provincial economic growth.This relationship exists after controlling policy,macro location factors,and per capita GDP in the initial year.The empirical findings indicate that institutions,culture and social relations are critical for regional development in China.Therefore,the creation and support of social capital should be paid more attention to when making regional policy.

Analysis on Development Trend of the D omestic Interior Design Pattern based on the Regional Characteristics and Cultural Integration

Interior is the main space of human activities, which is an important part of human life and design activities, and is the link between spiritual civilization and material civilization. Interior design originates from life, and needs to solve the problem of the material world and spiritual world. People improve the living environment and life quality through interior designs. The style of design depends on the geographical features and various cultures, which refi ects the artistic features and personality. The development history of modern architecture and interior design shows that the style of interior design is an important part of the whole architectural style, which reffects the design features of the whole building. Therefore, interior design and outdoor design should be in harmony. The orientation and characteristics of interior design determine the necessity of the style reforms. The future development trend of interior development may have the following characteristics humanism, green design, nationalization, intelligence and regionalization.