经济增长、区域用水与空间溢出——基于空间面板STIRPAT模型的实证检验

为探究区域用水的空间特征及经济增长与区域用水的作用机制,构建空间面板STIRPAT模型,对全国以及东、中、西地区水资源利用与经济增长之间的关系进行实证分析。结果表明:我国水资源利用与经济增长存在较强的空间相关性,二者存在多种形态的EKC曲线关系;全国层面二者呈现为倒“N”型曲线关系,拐点出现在人均GDP 7 358.79元和60 668.53元,除少数东部地区外,大多数省区处于下降前的爬坡阶段;东部和中部地区二者分别近似地满足单调递减和递增的关系;西部地区二者关系呈现为倒“N”型形态,对应的人均GDP拐点分别为521.52元和35 225.87元,结合全国层面的测算结果,虽然短期内西部地区用水量会出现下降,但是经济发展与用水需求增长这一长期存在的“两难”困境并没有得到缓解。此外,不考虑空间自相关性的传统面板计量模型估计出的结果不存在EKC拐点,说明遗漏区域用水的空间自相关性会导致我国水资源利用峰值对应的人均GDP产生较大的偏误。

区域用水量预警系统研究

工业用水量虽较大,但真正有效的消耗量并不多,有很大部分是被浪费了。本文从用水量使用分析入手,设计出了用水量预警反馈系统,对于提高预判水平、减少浪费、降低成本等方面都有很大的经济效益,也对于节约能源、减少浪费提供一种很好的思路和方法。

基于水资源利用技术效率的区域用水总量控制探究

文章基于我国水资源短缺的现状,提出在区域用水总量控制中水资源利用技术的有效应用。为了进一步论证水资源利用技术的效率与可行性,通过模式构建的方式,层层论述该技术在区域用水总量控制中应用的具体步骤、措施,评价区域用水总量的控制实施效果,以期能为我国的水资源的优化配置和缓解水资源的供需矛盾起到实质性帮助。

潍坊市区域用水现状调查及对策分析

近年来,随着潍坊市经济社会的不断发展和人口的不断增加,区域用水不平衡等问题逐渐凸显。通过对其现状进行调查,分析潍坊市区域用水存在供需矛盾突出、用水效率低、水资源严重浪费、地下水开采利用不合理等诸多问题。针对存在问题提出相应对策措施,为该地区域用水合理利用提供借鉴经验。

基于节水制度的区域水资源管理决策

我国正处于社会主义经济和政治结构调整改革发展阶段,科学发展观是当代社会各项决策的指导方针,其中包括倡导人与资源之间的可持续发展。水资源是人类社会不可缺少的资源之一,科学地规划与分配用水可实现多方面的综合收益。新时期国家对节水制度实施多项内容的优化调整,帮助地区解决用水困难的局面。本次结合了海城区用水的实际情况提出了节水制度推广与管理的对策,以创建现代化的水资源供应体系。

组合评价方法及其在多属性决策中的应用

讨论了区域用水水平指标体系建立的指导思想和构建原则,尤其是对综合评价的方法进行了深入的研究,提出了一种新的综合评价方法DGRA,该方法除用于灌区用水水平的评价外,对于城市用水水平的评价、小康社会的评价等都具有实用价值。

Variations and trends of trans-boundary runoff in the longitudinal range-gorge region

The mountainous hydrological process usually shows high variation to climate change and human action. In the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region（LRGR）, Southwestern China and Southeast Asian, the transboundary runoff variations are much more sensitive and complex under the interaction of climate change, ＂corridor-barrier＂ functions in LRGR,and dams building. In this paper, based on the long hydrological records（1956-2013） from three mainstream hydrological stations in Nu River,Lancang River, and Red River, the region runoff variations were analyzed. The results show out： i） the regional runoff changes were strongly influenced by the ＂Corridor-Barrier＂ functions in LRGR from west to east, the variability extent of annual runoff increased, but tended to decrease after 2009 and the reduced extents also increased; ii） the annual runoff change in the three rivers had high concentration degrees; iii） there were periodicities of 33 years of runoff change in Nu River and Lancang River, and 30 years in Red River, and the lower flow period would continue for 8-9 years in Nu River and Lancang River but only for 4 years in Red River; iv） since 2010, as the two mega dams of Xiaowan and Nuozhadu built in Lancang River mainstream, their variations of annual runoff were quite different. The research results could offer a scientific base for sustainable utilization,conservation, and management of the regional water resources

Application of sequence stratigraphy to Triassic terrestrial strata in Tahe area of Tarim Basin

Based on a synthetic geological study of drilling,well logging and seismic data,core observations and geochemical analysis,it is recognized that Triassic sedimentary facies in the Tahe area of Tarim Basin include braided river deposits filling erosional valleys,and sublacustrine fan,canyon and delta facies.Braided river deposits filling erosional valleys are dominated by coarse-grained lithic quartz sandstone with oblique bedding,and represent the most important sedimentation type of sandstone in the study area.Sublacustrine fan and canyon facies are mainly distributed in the Middle Oil Member.Most delta sediments are deposited in highstand system tract(HST),Because of frequent changes in base level,delta sediments are commonly eroded and rarely preserved.Sedimentary cycles are clearly reflected by lithology,sedimentary structures and well logging data,and are closely related to the changes in lacustrine level.In accordance with the basic principle of sequence subdivision,seven type-I boundaries can be recognized in Triassic strata and six type-I sequences are subdivided correspondingly.In general,lowstand system tract(LST) is well developed within stratigraphic sequences and forms the main body of reservoir sandstone in this area;highstand system tract(HST) and transgressive system tract(TST) are often eroded by upper sequences or missed,Although various factors have different influences on terrestrial sequence stratigraphy,the classical sequence stratigraphy theory proposed by VAIL can be applied to terrestrial strata.

Hydrochemical Control of Groundwater in an Administrative Area of Mamou

The potability of water wells, drilling and tap water is the determining factor for the quality management of health of the urban and rural population. This study has been done on the basis of monitoring aspect such as pH, content ammonium, nitrate, nitrite and chloride from a physico chemical point of view. This study allowed the chemical and bacteriological analysis of samples, based on the result obtained, and the potability of water was defined. The bacteriological analysis was carried out taking account of the total flora, coliforms and Escherichia coll. This work gave rise to analyze 36 samples of water from wells, eight samples of drilling water and nine samples of water taps from municipalities such as Mamou, Dalaba and Pita. Water wells represent 90% of water supplies in drinking water to the population. In this research, collection of samples was very important. This study shows that 16 samples from 52 are potable, therefore, it is urgent to focus on the treatment of sewage in order to ensure better health for the population from administrative region of Mamou.

Geochemical tracing and modeling of surface and deep water–rock interactions in elementary granitic watersheds(Strengbach and Ringelbach CZOs, France)

From the study of the Strengbach and Ringelbach watersheds we propose to illustrate the interest of combining the geochemical tracing and geochemical modeling approaches on surface and deep borehole waters,to decipher the diversity of the water flow and the associated water–rock interactions in such elementary mountainous catchments. The results point to a clear geochemical typology of waters depending on the water circulations(deep vs. hypodermic) within the substratum.

基于供需比和蓄水系数的云南农业干旱分析

定义区域农业用水供需比RA和区域水库农业蓄水系数C,分析2006—2010年云南农业用水供需与干旱情况。4月云南各地农业用水普遍供不应求,其他月份供水充足;除临沧外,合理调度可保障旱季主要农作物需水;全年降水不足情况下全省整体供水不足,全省16州市中,有10州市缺水情况比较严重,受灾风险较大;2006年与2010年旱情看似相近,但2010年多数地区的干旱威胁程度比2006年严重。区域农业用水供需比和区域水库农业蓄水系数可用于指导区域水利和农业规划。