循证医学方法运用于《金匮要略》研究的探讨

通过对循证医学与《金匮要略》关系的分析,探讨了循证医学运用于《金匮要略》研究的方法,认为将循证医学方法运用于《金匮要略》的研究,将有助于提高其研究水平,并促进中医理论发展。

形成性评价对不同层次医学生生理学教学效果的影响

目的探讨形成性评价对不同层次医学生生理学教学效果的影响。方法以新疆医科大学基础医学院2015级临床医学专业三个层次包括本硕连读班、非定向本科班和定向本科班学生作为研究对象,每个层次班级采用随机数字表法分为两组,生理学授课过程中分别实施形成性评价和终结性评价,以期末考试理论成绩作为教学效果量化指标,采用t检验分析形成性评价组及终结性评价组学生生理学期末考试成绩的差异;采用χ~2检验分析形成性评价组及终结性评价组学生生理学期末考试及格率的差异。结果本硕班形成性评价的学生成绩(72.42±14.30)分相对于终结性评价的学生成绩(69.72±14.48)分有升高的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.31);非定向班形成性评价的学生成绩(72.57±13.47)分,高于终结性评价的学生成绩(69.55±14.73)分,差异有统计学意义(P=0.04);但定向班形成性评价学生成绩(52.23±16.83)分与终结性评价的学生成绩(58.33±16.52)分不相比没有提高,反而下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。相对于终结性评价,形成性评价可以提高非定向班级及定向班级生理学期末考试及格率,差异有统计学意义(P=0.02),但是未发现形成性评价对本硕班(P=0.82)生理学期末考试及格率的影响,差异无统计学意义。结论形成性评价可以有效提高学生学习成绩,但是对于不同层次学生效果不同,因此需要根据不同的学生层次调整实施方案,因材施教,探索最适合学生特点的实施方案。

失语症的康复治疗:研究与应用

目的:探讨失语症的言语语言治疗、药物治疗和影响治疗效果的因素。资料来源:应用计算机检索Pubmed数据库2000-01/2006-01期间的有关失语症方面的文献。检索词为“aphasia,anomia,treat,treatment,therapy,cure,heal”,并限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索CNKI2000-01/2006-01期间的有关失语症方面的文献。检索词为“失语,治疗”,并限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:共检索300余篇文献进行筛选。以近3年内研究内容相关且发表在权威杂志上的文章优先,选择了以失语症治疗为主要研究内容的文献24篇。资料提炼:将资料进行分类,其中19篇是关于言语语言治疗的文献,5篇是关于药物治疗的文献。资料综合:言语语言治疗和药物治疗是治疗失语症的主要方法。言语语言治疗主要包括刺激法、阻断去除法、认知心理学的方法、计算机辅助治疗和小组治疗等。但言语语言治疗的有效性尚有争议。药物治疗主要有溴隐停、右苯丙胺、吡拉西坦和中药治疗等。药物治疗虽对失语的恢复有帮助,但治疗机制还不确切。影响失语症恢复的因素很多,发病时失语的严重程度是最主要的因素,失语症的类型,患者的职业,受教育程度,及社会支持等都对言语的恢复有影响。结论:①失语症的治疗强度与其康复效果有关系。要选择合理的治疗方法还需进一步的研究。②药物治疗的效果虽已被证明有效,但适用范围广、副作用小的药物开发还有待于进一步的研究。③治疗时需要综合考虑可能影响康复效果的各种因素来制定个性化的治疗方案。

护理专业病原生物学与免疫学综合设计性实验应用体会

基于岗位需求为导向,为更好地满足高职护理专业人才培养目标的要求,病原生物学与免疫学实验教学一改传统基础验证性实验为主的实验内容,引入综合设计性实验内容,在一定程度上激发了学生的学习兴趣、积极性和主动性,实验改革初见成效。

大学附属医院博士后培养的实践与探索

博士后是国家培养创新型人才,扩大青年科技人才储备,推动大学附属医院转型发展的生力军。该研究回顾了中国科学技术大学附属第一医院博士后工作站建设现状,重点阐述博士后培养方式的创新举措。通过对博士后研究人员培养现状分析,总结发展过程中存在的问题,并从科研平台建设、科研管理体制、博士后结构、国际化、考核激励体系以及成果转化制度等方面提出大学附属医院培养博士后的建议。

混合现实全息影像在心血管教学中的应用价值

目的评价混合现实全息影像在心血管影像诊断培训中的应用价值。方法选取解放军总医院放射科新入科进修的未接触过心血管影像工作的进修医生30名,采用随机数字表法平均分成两组,A组(n=15名),B组(n=15名),分别进行传统教学方法及混合现实全息影像结合传统教学方法进行心血管影像培训。通过考试及教学满意度调查比较两组在教学效果方面的差别。结果传统教学组和混合现实全息影像结合传统教学方法组的考试成绩分别是(67.7±3.0)分和(74.9±4.0)分,差异有统计学意义。教学满意度分别为60.0%和86.7%(P>0.05)。结论混合现实全息影像结合传统教学方法在心血管影像诊断教学中优于传统的教学方法。

Sodium arsenite reduces severity of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats

The histopathological features and the associated clinical findings of ulcerative colitis (UC) are due to persistent inflammatory response in the colon mucosa. Interventions that suppress this response benefit UC patients. We tested whether sodium arsenite (SA) benefits rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis. The DSS-colitis was induced by 5% DSS in drinking water. SA (10 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) was given 8 h before DSS treatment and then every 48 h for 3 cycles of 7, 14 or 21 d. At the end of each cycle rats were sacrificed and colon sections processed for histological examination. DSS induced diarrhea, loose stools, hemoccult positive stools, gross bleeding, loss of body weight, loss of epithelium, crypt damage, depletion of goblet cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The severity of these changes increased in the order of Cycles 1, 2 and 3. Treatment of rats with SA significantly reduced this severity and improved the weight gain.

Overview on metabolomics in traditional Chinese medicine

Metabolomics has been widely used in the modern research of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. At the same time, the world is increasingly concerned about TCM, and many studies have been conducted to investigate different aspects of TCM. Among these studies, metabolomic approach has been implemented to facilitate TCM development. The current methods for TCM research are diverse, including nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. Using these techniques, some advantageous results have been obtained in the studies of TCM, such as diagnosis and treatment, quality control, and mechanisms of action. It is believed that the further development of metabo-lomic analytical techniques is benefcial to the modernization of TCM. This review summarizes potential applications of metabolomics in the area of TCM. Guidelines for good practice for the application of metabolomics in TCM research are also proposed, and the special role of metabolomics in TCM is highlighted.

Ghrelin and Helicobacter pylori infection

Ghrelin is primarily secreted from the stomach and has been implicated in the coordination of eating behavior and weight regulation. Ghrelin also plays an essential role in the mechanism of gastric mucosal defense. Thus, it is important to clarify which diseases primar- ily influence changes in plasma ghrelin concentrations. Helicobacter pylori （H pylor/~ infection is involved in the pathogenesis of gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, gastric carcinoma, and mucosa-associated lym- phoid tissue lymphoma. H pylori eradication is related to body weight change. Compared, H pylori infected and negative subjects with normal body mass index, plasma ghrelin concentration, gastric ghrelin mRNA, and the number of ghrelin producing cells in gastric mucosa are significantly lower in Hpylori infected sub- jects than in Hpylori-negative controls. Plasma ghrelin concentration decreases with the progression of gastric atrophy. Impaired gastric ghrelin production in associa- tion with atrophic gastritis induced by Hpylori infection accounts for the decrease in plasma ghrelin concentra- tion. However, the ratio of plasma acylated ghrelin to total ghrelin levels is higher in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis than in healthy subjects. This may re- sult from the＇ compensatory increase in plasma active ghrelin concentration in response to gastric atrophy. After H pylori eradication, gastric preproghrelin mRNA expression is increased nearly 4-fold in most cases. However, changes in plasma ghrelin concentrations be- fore and after Hpylori cure are not associated with the gastric ghrelin production. Plasma ghrelin changes are inversely correlated with both body weight change and initial plasma ghrelin levels.

A medical understanding on the wuxing theory in cell

Yinyang theory and wuxing theory are the core parts in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and giving the accurate interpretation on these theories is one of directions for the modernization of TCM.In the cell,energy metabolism and gene expression are the fundamental processes which are regarded as yin and yang respectively.Furthermore,energy agents,oxygen,end metabolic products,energy releasing as well as genes are the five basic factors for maintaining the undergoing of all biochemistries in cell.Because these factors are the substrates of five essential pathways for the survival of living cell and the abnormalities of any pathways will cause the death of cells,wuxing theory should be translated as five essential pathways in cell.These medical understandings on wuxing theory will not only give some novel viewpoints on the living cell but also promote the development of system biology in future.

Meckel's diverticulum masked by a long period of intermittent recurrent subocclusive episodes

Meckel's diverticulum(MD) is the most frequent congenital abnormality of the small bowel and it is often diff icult to diagnose.It is usually asymptomatic but approximately 4% are symptomatic with complications such as bleeding,intestinal obstruction,and inflammation.The authors report a case of a 7-year-old boy with a one-year history of recurrent periumbilical colicky pain with associated alimentary vomiting,symptoms erroneously related to a cyclic vomiting syndrome but not to MD.The clinical features and the differential diagnostic methods employed for diagnosis of MD are discussed.

Science news release and its benefi ts to your research

News release to the latest science f indings is benef icial to both researchers and their served institutions as well as the public. It will help to set a bridge of communication between researchers, the public and media, and publishers, making the latest research findings well known to the public. World Journal of Gastroenterology has currently freely opened the News Release Service System (WJG-NRSS) for original articles with potential signifi cance and novelty for news release to mass media to broaden the f indings to the public.

A novel understanding about oxidization of glucose in term of Wuxing TCM theory

Yin-yang theory and Wuxing theory are the core parts of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）. Most of researches on Wuxing theory are based on the paradigm of TCM or Traditional Chinese Culture. It is an evitable challenge to interpret Wuxing theory in the term of biomolecular, biochemistry, stem cell and so on. The oxidation of glucose is the important pathway in cell and there are five basic factors which will be responsible for the undergoing of this reaction. The relationships among these factors are similar to Wuxing theory just like inter-promotion and inter-restraint. So, this understanding on Wuxing theory maybe take some advancement for the modernization of TCM.

Diagnostic accuracy of a rapid fecal test to confirm H pylori eradication after therapy: Prospective comparison with a laboratory stool test

AIM: To investigate the clinical performances of rapidstool test (ImmunoCard STAT HpSA, Meridian DiagnosticInc.) in the evaluation of eradication therapy of H pyloriand to compare it with a well-known and validatedlaboratory stool test (Amplified IDEA Hp StAR, Dako).METHODS: Stool samples of 122 patients wereevaluated after eradication therapy of H pylori. H pyloristatus was assessed by 13C-urea breath test (UBT).Stool specimens were tested using either the rapidimmunoassay kit or the laboratory immunoassay kit.RESULTS: Forty-three patients were infected and 79non-infected. Sensitivity and specificity of ImmunoCardSTAT and Hp StAR were 58.14% and 76.4%, and97.47% and 98.73%, respectively (P > 0.05). Overallagreement between the two tests was 92.6% (113 of122 cases).CONCLUSION: ImmunoCard STAT seems to haverather low performances, and it cannot be regarded as areliable tool in the post-treatment setting. Also Hp StARcannot be recommended to confirm H pylori eradicationafter treatment.

Analysis of the characteristics of gastrointestinal motility based on Hilbert-Huang transform method

Pressure activity data as an important index of gastrointestinal （GI） motility can be obtained from the wireless radiotelemetry capsule. The Hilbert-Huang transform （HHT） method, which is more effective to process non-stationary signal, is proposed to identify the characteristics of GI motility. We decompose the pressure activity data into intrinsic mode functions （IMFs）, calculate the Hi/bert marginal spectrum and attain the peristalsis characteristics of GI tract. The IMFs represent the peristalses modes of GI tract activity embedded in the pressure data. The time-varying characteristic of the method suggests that the HHT is suitable to accommodate other non-stationary biomedical data analysis.

High Accuracy Zoom Magnification Measurement

A precise zoom magnification is important for semiconductor industry and biomedical research. A novel measurement method is demonstrated for optical zoom magnification measurement in this paper. The magnification is obtained by pattern correction between barcode image formed by optical zoom and reference image generated by an ideal optical model. Measurement accuracy which is better than 0.06% has been achieved for optical zoom magnification. Compared with traditional concept, the measurement results are only dependent on two line edges. The barcode correlation method can achieve higher accuracy and better robustness by using the information over the whole field of view.

Surgical treatment of anal stenosis

Anal stenosis is a rare but serious complication of anorectal surgery, most commonly seen after hemorrhoidectomy. Anal stenosis represents a technical challenge in terms of surgical management. A Medline search of studies relevant to the management of anal stenosis was undertaken. The etiology, pathophysiology and classification of anal stenosis were reviewed. An overview of surgical and non-surgical therapeutic options was developed. Ninety percent of anal stenosis is caused by overzealous hemorrhoidectomy. Treatment, both medical and surgical, should be modulated based on stenosis severity. Mild stenosis can be managed conservatively with stool softeners or fiber supplements. Sphincterotomy may be quite adequate for a patient with a mild degree of narrowing. For more severe stenosis, a formal anoplasty should be performed to treat the loss of anal canal tissue. Anal stenosis may be anatomic or functional. Anal stricture is most often a preventable complication. Many techniques have been used for the treatment of anal stenosis with variable healing rates. It is extremely difficult to interpret the results of the various anoplastic procedures described in the literature as prospective trials have not been performed. However, almost any approach will at least improve patient symptoms.

Time to detoxify medical literature from guideline overdose

The current financial turmoil in the United States has been attributed to multiple reasons including healthcare expenditure.Health care spending has increased from 5.7 percent of the gross domestic product(GDP) in 1965 to 16 percent of the GDP in 2004.Healthcare is driven with a goal to provide best possible care available at that period of time.Guidelines are generally assumed to have the high level of certainty and security as conclusions generated by the conventional scientific method leading many clinicians to use guidelines as the final arbiters of care.To provide the standard of care,physicians follow guidelines,proposed by either groups of physicians or various medical societies or government organizations like National Comprehensive Cancer Network.This has lead to multiple tests for the patient and has not survived the test of time.This independence leads to lacunae in the standardization of guidelines,hence flooding of literature with multiple guidelines and confusion to patients and physicians and eventually overtreatment,inefficiency,and patient inconvenience.There is an urgent need to restrict articles with Guidelines and develop some strategy like have an intermediate stage of pre-guidelines and after 5-10 years of trials,a systematic launch of the Guidelines.There can be better ways than this for putting together guidelines as has been suggested by multiple authors and researchers.

Healed and Crippled： The Effect of Global Medicine on African Indigenous Treatment and Care Approaches

Whereas global medicine and health care practices have improved the quality of people＇s lives, especially in the developing countries data abounds that local communities have been crippled by the same medical practises. Some societies in developing countries have become sources of specimen for clinical trials of biomedicine which is unaffordable to their citizens. This paper explores the neglect of traditional African medicinal innovations and research in favour of imported Western medicine perpetuated by the developed countries. The paper argues that global medicine and health care have neither utilized nor recognized the African Traditional Medicine （ATM） fully, despite the fact that cultures in developed world used and continue to utilize the indigenous medical knowledge. The paper further argues that instead of neglecting African Traditional Medicine, ATM and biomedicine can be more beneficial by blending them into a single system, through what we would call in this paper High-Performance Medical Research （HPMR）. This would allow participation of communities to achieve both socio-eeonomic and medical knowledge growth rather than being a monopoly and preserve of developed organizations in the North. This paper proposes that HPMR should be a systematic and scientific approach for enhancing local people＇s participation in the development of medical ventures. This paper draws on secondary data on traditional African therapeutic practices by some local communities in East Africa combined with literature review on medical practice in Western societies.