美国防范“医暴”的对策对我国的启示

在"医暴"事件频发的背景下,结合我国国情,对其进行重新定义、分类;分析近两年发生的具有一定影响力的"医暴"事件,得出目前我国"医暴"特点,并对我国现状进行深层次的原因分析;借鉴美国先进经验,探讨建立相关制度与具体对策。

突发医暴事件舆论情感能量域空间模型构建

[目的/意义]医暴舆论空间积聚的情感能量推动观点衍化并深刻影响事件发展趋势,识别不同维度的情感认知且关注能量特征可有效循迹医患冲突的情感焦点。[方法/过程]以情感维度为能量源、情感能量特征为能量波构建医暴舆论情感能量域空间模型,能量源基于关键词云划分为自我认知、民生民意、社会发展三大维度,能量波以各认知维度的情感倾向、情感强度与扩散速度综合刻画能量趋势,最终依据能量域模型立体剖析突发医暴事件舆论空间。[结果/结论]结果显示,能量域空间模型能够真实反映医暴舆论情感演化趋势;各能量源均持续积聚负向情感能量;民生民意为医暴舆论的情感焦点。

太原市综合医院护士遭受“医暴”现状及防控策略

目的:分析太原市综合医院护士遭受"医暴"现状及因素,探究多维视角的预防和应对策略。方法:问卷调查法及专家咨询法。结果:太原市医暴发生率较高(48.1%),其中语言暴力为45.8%,身体暴力为6.3%,性骚扰8.7%。Logistic回归分析显示高学历、鼓励上报、应对方式及防暴培训与"医暴"的发生与否有关,同时不能忽视治疗效果、媒体负导向、服务态度等因素的影响。结论:建议加强防暴培训及医院内控,构建医疗信用机制,完善卫生法律制度。

工作场所暴力影响员工心理健康的组织支持纾解机制——基于对医护人员的样本调查分析

工作场所暴力事件不但诱发员工心理健康风险,而且影响其工作态度、行为与绩效,从而不利于组织的可持续健康发展,医患关系紧张下的医护人员尤其如此。鉴于此,本研究旨在基于社会认知和社会交换理论,探究医暴氛围通过职业自我效能感对医护人员心理健康的作用机制与防暴支持通过职业认同对医暴氛围影响医护人员心理健康的纾解机制。通过对506份有效样本的实证分析表明:(1)医暴氛围通过职业自我效能感正向影响医护人员的焦虑和抑郁;(2)职业认同在医暴氛围与医护人员职业自我效能感之间的关系中具有负向调节作用;(3)职业认同调节医暴氛围通过职业自我效能感对医护人员焦虑和抑郁的间接作用;(4)防暴支持正向影响医护人员的职业认同,并通过影响职业认同负向调节医暴氛围与职业自我效能感之间的关系,进而纾解医暴氛围对医护人员心理健康风险的影响,因此,本研究对医院提升医护人员心理健康的管理实践具有重要的理论指导与决策借鉴意义。

医暴阴影对医学毕业生职业选择影响的调查分析

目的了解医暴阴影对医学毕业生职业选择的影响。方法采用问卷调查的方法,以210名临床医学类毕业生为被试对象,对其基本信息、学医初衷、当前医患关系、医患矛盾原因、医暴对其心理影响以及就业态度等共计5个方面的问题进行调查,并应用统计软件进行统计学分析。结果医学毕业生总体对于从事医学事业充满渴望,能够理性看待目前医患关系的现状,并对未来医患关系的改善持乐观态度;对于产生医患矛盾的原因认识不一,但大都能从主客观方面加以分析和理解;医暴现象虽然对医学毕业生的职业选择有一定的影响,但绝大部分学生对医疗卫生事业还是抱有极大的热情和坚定的信念。结论影响医学生职业选择的因素是多方面的,在今后的临床实践教学工作中,必须有针对性地开展好学生就业指导与职业生涯教育工作,从而使学生能够以坚定的信念和饱满的热情,积极投身于祖国的医疗卫生事业。

急诊护理中医暴发生原因的研究进展

医暴是指医院工作场所暴力,是目前医患关系中出现的一种极端现象,也是急诊护理中会遇到的特殊情况。急诊护理中医暴发生的原因有多个方面,包括急诊环境特点、社会环境因素、护理人员因素、患者因素、媒体因素等。

Frequency and barriers of reporting workplace violence in nurses:An online survey in China

Objectives:This study aimed to explore the reporting of workplace violence against nurses and the reasons why they did not reported.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire regarding workplace violence and reporting was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey on nurses who submitted a manuscript to a Chinese nursing journal from 2016 to 2017.A total of 324 nurses agreed to participate in this study and 266 participants from 165 hospitals in 72 cities returned questionnaires.Results:A total of 172 nurses(64.7%)experienced violent incidents during the past year.Of these incidents,45.5%were reported;and the reporting rate of physical assaults(69.0%)was higher than those of verbal abuse(36.9%),threatening behavior(51.7%),and sexual harassment(60.0%).Formal reporting accounted for 25.4%(15.4%in written form and 10.0%through a computer-assisted reporting system).Almost half of the nurses(49.6%)stated that the hospital had no reporting system or they were uncertain about the reporting system.For reasons of not reporting,51.9%of the nurses were unware of how and what types of violence to report,and 50.6%of the nurses believed that the hospital paid greater attention to patients rather than staff.Conclusions:A clear definition of workplace violence and reporting procedures,establishment of a facile system for reporting,and supervisory support following a reporting are urgently required.

An epidemic of violence on medical personnel:are we prepared

The incidence of violence against doctors has been increasing, both in China and worldwide. Very often we hear doctors being molested, thrashed and abused by lay public for a trivial medical malpractice or even no fault of theirs. The once glittering halo of medical workers is being shredded thanks to the stressed health system and a lack of evaluation for risk of violence of the patients. Modem China sees a wide disparity between industry standards in rural and urban areas. People seeking health care service are often scared, can＇t get timely service and turn their anger towards those around them. To change a whole system in this giant nation is too hard a rock. Therefore, our focus is on the prompt awareness and preparation of a possible patient violence. The simplest approaches seem to be the most effective. Medical staffs should re-leam empathy on patients and be better trained on recognizing and reducing conflicts

论直接拒绝权立法以保护医护人员权益

医患关系应是自愿、平等、等价有偿的市场契约关系,医闹、医暴事件频发的原因在于患方自认权利过高,凌驾于医护人员基本人权之上,这是违反宪法规定的。有必要以立法形式宣示医护人员直接拒绝的权利,这是保障医患平等的重要防线,可以沉重打击医闹,摧毁医暴滋蔓的土壤,切实保障医护人员的基本人权,确保我国卫生事业的健康发展。