Evaluation and improvement of quality of care provided to the patients are of crucial importance in the daily clinical practice and in the health policy planning and fnancing. Different tools have been developed, incl...Evaluation and improvement of quality of care provided to the patients are of crucial importance in the daily clinical practice and in the health policy planning and fnancing. Different tools have been developed, includ-ing incident analysis, health technology assessment and clinical audit. The clinical audit consist of mea-suring a clinical outcome or a process, against well-defined standards set on the principles of evidence-based medicine in order to identify the changes needed to improve the quality of care. In particular, patients suffering from chronic renal diseases, present many problems that have been set as topics for clinical audit projects, such as hypertension, anaemia and mineral metabolism management. Although the results of these studies have been encouraging, demonstrating the ef-fectiveness of audit, overall the present evidence is not clearly in favour of clinical audit. These findings call attention to the need to further studies to validate this methodology in different operating scenarios. This review examines the principle of clinical audit, focusing on experiences performed in nephrology settings.展开更多
Giving the accurate definition of the core part of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is another way for the modernization of TCM. Many researchers had launched their original researches on this way and realized that q...Giving the accurate definition of the core part of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is another way for the modernization of TCM. Many researchers had launched their original researches on this way and realized that qi got some characteristics of energy. In this paper, energy is also thought as having the same characteristics as qi for energy is invisible and filled with cell in different patterns. The movement of qi in cell can be understood as the transformations of the chemical energy. So, cell should be regarded as a device which is organized by biomelocules for the transformation from chemical energy to heat energy.展开更多
文摘Evaluation and improvement of quality of care provided to the patients are of crucial importance in the daily clinical practice and in the health policy planning and fnancing. Different tools have been developed, includ-ing incident analysis, health technology assessment and clinical audit. The clinical audit consist of mea-suring a clinical outcome or a process, against well-defined standards set on the principles of evidence-based medicine in order to identify the changes needed to improve the quality of care. In particular, patients suffering from chronic renal diseases, present many problems that have been set as topics for clinical audit projects, such as hypertension, anaemia and mineral metabolism management. Although the results of these studies have been encouraging, demonstrating the ef-fectiveness of audit, overall the present evidence is not clearly in favour of clinical audit. These findings call attention to the need to further studies to validate this methodology in different operating scenarios. This review examines the principle of clinical audit, focusing on experiences performed in nephrology settings.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(81300302)
文摘Giving the accurate definition of the core part of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is another way for the modernization of TCM. Many researchers had launched their original researches on this way and realized that qi got some characteristics of energy. In this paper, energy is also thought as having the same characteristics as qi for energy is invisible and filled with cell in different patterns. The movement of qi in cell can be understood as the transformations of the chemical energy. So, cell should be regarded as a device which is organized by biomelocules for the transformation from chemical energy to heat energy.
