[Objective]This research aimed to compare arthropod communities in different cruciferous vegetable fields at high mountainous area and provide guidance for pest control. [Method] The main arthropod species in 3 kinds ...[Objective]This research aimed to compare arthropod communities in different cruciferous vegetable fields at high mountainous area and provide guidance for pest control. [Method] The main arthropod species in 3 kinds of erueiferous vegetable fields at high mountainous area were investigated, the composition of arthropod community in different vegetable fields were analyzed. [Result] The main arthropod species in erueiferous vegetables fields at high mountainous area were similar, but had different quantity compositions. The richness was the highest in radish field. [Conclusion] Crop species had great influence on biological community; we should focus on the main pests in the process of pest control.展开更多
It was substantiated by morphological observation, chromosome and DNA identification that the bar gene, conferring the resistance to herbicide basta in transgenic Chinese cabbage ( Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis v...It was substantiated by morphological observation, chromosome and DNA identification that the bar gene, conferring the resistance to herbicide basta in transgenic Chinese cabbage ( Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee), could intrude into the genomes of turnip ( B. campestris ssp. rapifera), heading Chinese cabbage B. campestris ssp. pekinensis) and other non-heading Chinese cabbage ( B. campestris ssp. chinensis in a relatively high frequency while into genome of B. napus at a low frequency via natural cross-pollination in open field. Herbicide resistant hybrids of B. nigra, B. carinata, and B. juncea could be obtained at certain frequency in the greenhouse by hand pollination. At no time did the resistant hybrid plants of transgenic Chinese cabbage with B. oleracea, R. sativus and seven wild weeds, widespread in China, gained in our experiments.展开更多
The parasitism rate and the caterpillar infestation were studied by intercropping Dendranthema flowering plants with some cruciferous crops. These flowering plants increased significantly the rate of Cotesia plutellae...The parasitism rate and the caterpillar infestation were studied by intercropping Dendranthema flowering plants with some cruciferous crops. These flowering plants increased significantly the rate of Cotesia plutellae parasitism in the adj acent plots. It reached to 42.96% in treatment plot and 18.19% in the control. Although there was no significant difference in no. of diamondback moth （DBM） larvae per plant, 29.09% in population reduction was occurred in treatment plot. Abundance of cabbage looper and armyworm were also lower in adjacent plot. But, small white butterfly population （23.46%） was higher in adjacent plots as the result of Dendranthema plant. From the present experiment, Dendranthema flowering plants should be cultivated in Brasssicaceous crops for the control of DBM by providing the essential resources to larval parasitoid C. plutellae adults and then, this plant can be used as attractive plant in the control of small white butterfly. Serious elimination （Rating 4） of candidate insecticides to adult C. plutellae was observed at their recommendation doses. Among them, less toxic effect to C. plutellae was occurred in O,O-dimethyl S-methylcarbamoylmethyl which is the highest LC50 （4,765 ppm） to DBM by leaf-disc bioassay method and the lowest LC50 （2,903 pprn） was found in marlathion. It was occurred that the test strain have resistance to the recommended dose of marlathion （1,243 ppm） and O,O-dimethyl S-methylcarbamoylmethyl （3,750 ppm）.展开更多
Effects of transverse loads on longitudinal stress strain behaviors and longitudinal constant tensile loads on transverse stress strain behaviors of single ply of nylon cord rubber composite are studied respectively u...Effects of transverse loads on longitudinal stress strain behaviors and longitudinal constant tensile loads on transverse stress strain behaviors of single ply of nylon cord rubber composite are studied respectively under biaxial tensile condition with cruciform specimen. Effects of transverse constant tensile load on longitudinal tensile mechanical properties are indistinctive compared with corresponding uniaxial longitudinal tensile mechanical properties. It can be relative to larger difference between longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties. Its dominating failure mode is typical fiber dominated mode; However, Experiment results indicate that transverse mechanical properties of nylon cord rubber composite with longitudinal constant tensile loads are distinct from its uniaxial transverse tensile mechanical properties. It can be attribute to action of longitudinal tension that makes material rigidify in the direction perpendicular to fiber, Mode of failure is representative of matrix dominated failure. For the measurement of large deformation up to 50 percent, a special CCD imaging method is employed in the experimental investigation that makes measurement of large deformations more precise.展开更多
This paper examines the relationship between language, particularly language that expresses aesthetic experiences of plant life, and corporeality. The theorisation of language is a keystone towards conceptualising par...This paper examines the relationship between language, particularly language that expresses aesthetic experiences of plant life, and corporeality. The theorisation of language is a keystone towards conceptualising participatory relationships between people and the botanical world. A comparative reading of the works of Henry David Thoreau and Martin Heidegger provides a framework for approaching language as embodied participation. Despite political differences, Thoreau and Heidegger shared a mutual conviction about the generative powers of language. Thoreau＇s literary practice partly involved immersion in places such as swamps and forests. Fittingly, Heidegger＇s explication of Rilke＇s concept of＂the Open＂ mirrors the participatory aesthetics of Thoreau. Both thinkers looked towards the capacities of poetics to galvanise the evolution of language. In response to the increasing dissection offered by contemporaneous theories of linguistics, Thoreau and Heidegger held the notion of language as a body in itself, one brought to life through immanence between sensuous bodies in the world. For each theorist, language was both bodily and a body. Their works evidence that multi-sensorial encounters with the natural world can be captured in language. The body of language may be engaged with as a whole living phenomenon rather than a dissected corpse as this comparative reading of Thoreau and Heidegger will intimate.展开更多
Giorgio Vasari （1511-1574）, painter, architect, and writer, was fascinated with the image of Saint Francis because of the association of La Verna with Arezzo, his native town, where the miraculous event of Saint Fra...Giorgio Vasari （1511-1574）, painter, architect, and writer, was fascinated with the image of Saint Francis because of the association of La Verna with Arezzo, his native town, where the miraculous event of Saint Francis＇s stigmatization occurred in 1224. Also in Arezzo, in the church of San Francesco, the beautiful frescoes of Piero della Francesca＇s Legend of the True Cross were commissioned by his wife＇s ancestors, the Bacci family. This study discusses Vasari＇s two types of religious representation of Saint Francis. One type is devotional, as in the paintings of Holy Families, e.g., The Holy Family with Saint Francis of 1541, at the County Museum of Art of Los Angeles, CA. The other is historical, focusing on the miraculous moment of the stigmatization, e.g., Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata, 1548, in the church of San Francesco in Rimini. Employing mannerist colors to express the spirituality of the event, Vasari created a new conception of piety, where sobriety and humbleness are honored. These paintings reveal the humanness and sanctity of the protagonist, Saint Francis, devoid of any heroic glamour.展开更多
Acoustic interference can impede effective communication that is important for survival and reproduction of animals. In response to acoustic interference, some animals can improve signalling efficacy by altering the s...Acoustic interference can impede effective communication that is important for survival and reproduction of animals. In response to acoustic interference, some animals can improve signalling efficacy by altering the structure of their signals. In this study, we played artificial noise to 46 male spring peepers Pseudacris crucifer, on their breeding grounds, and tested whether the noise affected the duration, call rate, and peak frequency of their advertisement calls. We used two experimental noise treatments that masked either the high- or low-frequency components of an average advertisement call; this allowed us to evaluate whether frogs adaptively shift the peak frequency of their calls away from both types of interference. Our playback treatments caused spring peepers to produce shorter calls, and the high-frequency noise treatment caused them to lower the frequency of their calls immediately after the noise ceased. Call rate did not change in response to playback. Consistent with previous studies, ambient temperature was inversely related to call duration and positively related to call rate. We conclude that noise affects the structure of spring peeper advertisement calls, and that spring peepers therefore have a mechanism for altering signal structure in response to noise. Future studies should test if other types of noise, such as biotic or anthropogenic noise, have similar effects on call structure, and if the observed changes to call structure enhance or impair communication in noisy environments [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 438-448, 2014].展开更多
基金Supported by Education Department of Hubei Province(D200512006)~~
文摘[Objective]This research aimed to compare arthropod communities in different cruciferous vegetable fields at high mountainous area and provide guidance for pest control. [Method] The main arthropod species in 3 kinds of erueiferous vegetable fields at high mountainous area were investigated, the composition of arthropod community in different vegetable fields were analyzed. [Result] The main arthropod species in erueiferous vegetables fields at high mountainous area were similar, but had different quantity compositions. The richness was the highest in radish field. [Conclusion] Crop species had great influence on biological community; we should focus on the main pests in the process of pest control.
文摘It was substantiated by morphological observation, chromosome and DNA identification that the bar gene, conferring the resistance to herbicide basta in transgenic Chinese cabbage ( Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee), could intrude into the genomes of turnip ( B. campestris ssp. rapifera), heading Chinese cabbage B. campestris ssp. pekinensis) and other non-heading Chinese cabbage ( B. campestris ssp. chinensis in a relatively high frequency while into genome of B. napus at a low frequency via natural cross-pollination in open field. Herbicide resistant hybrids of B. nigra, B. carinata, and B. juncea could be obtained at certain frequency in the greenhouse by hand pollination. At no time did the resistant hybrid plants of transgenic Chinese cabbage with B. oleracea, R. sativus and seven wild weeds, widespread in China, gained in our experiments.
文摘The parasitism rate and the caterpillar infestation were studied by intercropping Dendranthema flowering plants with some cruciferous crops. These flowering plants increased significantly the rate of Cotesia plutellae parasitism in the adj acent plots. It reached to 42.96% in treatment plot and 18.19% in the control. Although there was no significant difference in no. of diamondback moth （DBM） larvae per plant, 29.09% in population reduction was occurred in treatment plot. Abundance of cabbage looper and armyworm were also lower in adjacent plot. But, small white butterfly population （23.46%） was higher in adjacent plots as the result of Dendranthema plant. From the present experiment, Dendranthema flowering plants should be cultivated in Brasssicaceous crops for the control of DBM by providing the essential resources to larval parasitoid C. plutellae adults and then, this plant can be used as attractive plant in the control of small white butterfly. Serious elimination （Rating 4） of candidate insecticides to adult C. plutellae was observed at their recommendation doses. Among them, less toxic effect to C. plutellae was occurred in O,O-dimethyl S-methylcarbamoylmethyl which is the highest LC50 （4,765 ppm） to DBM by leaf-disc bioassay method and the lowest LC50 （2,903 pprn） was found in marlathion. It was occurred that the test strain have resistance to the recommended dose of marlathion （1,243 ppm） and O,O-dimethyl S-methylcarbamoylmethyl （3,750 ppm）.
文摘Effects of transverse loads on longitudinal stress strain behaviors and longitudinal constant tensile loads on transverse stress strain behaviors of single ply of nylon cord rubber composite are studied respectively under biaxial tensile condition with cruciform specimen. Effects of transverse constant tensile load on longitudinal tensile mechanical properties are indistinctive compared with corresponding uniaxial longitudinal tensile mechanical properties. It can be relative to larger difference between longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties. Its dominating failure mode is typical fiber dominated mode; However, Experiment results indicate that transverse mechanical properties of nylon cord rubber composite with longitudinal constant tensile loads are distinct from its uniaxial transverse tensile mechanical properties. It can be attribute to action of longitudinal tension that makes material rigidify in the direction perpendicular to fiber, Mode of failure is representative of matrix dominated failure. For the measurement of large deformation up to 50 percent, a special CCD imaging method is employed in the experimental investigation that makes measurement of large deformations more precise.
文摘This paper examines the relationship between language, particularly language that expresses aesthetic experiences of plant life, and corporeality. The theorisation of language is a keystone towards conceptualising participatory relationships between people and the botanical world. A comparative reading of the works of Henry David Thoreau and Martin Heidegger provides a framework for approaching language as embodied participation. Despite political differences, Thoreau and Heidegger shared a mutual conviction about the generative powers of language. Thoreau＇s literary practice partly involved immersion in places such as swamps and forests. Fittingly, Heidegger＇s explication of Rilke＇s concept of＂the Open＂ mirrors the participatory aesthetics of Thoreau. Both thinkers looked towards the capacities of poetics to galvanise the evolution of language. In response to the increasing dissection offered by contemporaneous theories of linguistics, Thoreau and Heidegger held the notion of language as a body in itself, one brought to life through immanence between sensuous bodies in the world. For each theorist, language was both bodily and a body. Their works evidence that multi-sensorial encounters with the natural world can be captured in language. The body of language may be engaged with as a whole living phenomenon rather than a dissected corpse as this comparative reading of Thoreau and Heidegger will intimate.
文摘Giorgio Vasari （1511-1574）, painter, architect, and writer, was fascinated with the image of Saint Francis because of the association of La Verna with Arezzo, his native town, where the miraculous event of Saint Francis＇s stigmatization occurred in 1224. Also in Arezzo, in the church of San Francesco, the beautiful frescoes of Piero della Francesca＇s Legend of the True Cross were commissioned by his wife＇s ancestors, the Bacci family. This study discusses Vasari＇s two types of religious representation of Saint Francis. One type is devotional, as in the paintings of Holy Families, e.g., The Holy Family with Saint Francis of 1541, at the County Museum of Art of Los Angeles, CA. The other is historical, focusing on the miraculous moment of the stigmatization, e.g., Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata, 1548, in the church of San Francesco in Rimini. Employing mannerist colors to express the spirituality of the event, Vasari created a new conception of piety, where sobriety and humbleness are honored. These paintings reveal the humanness and sanctity of the protagonist, Saint Francis, devoid of any heroic glamour.
文摘Acoustic interference can impede effective communication that is important for survival and reproduction of animals. In response to acoustic interference, some animals can improve signalling efficacy by altering the structure of their signals. In this study, we played artificial noise to 46 male spring peepers Pseudacris crucifer, on their breeding grounds, and tested whether the noise affected the duration, call rate, and peak frequency of their advertisement calls. We used two experimental noise treatments that masked either the high- or low-frequency components of an average advertisement call; this allowed us to evaluate whether frogs adaptively shift the peak frequency of their calls away from both types of interference. Our playback treatments caused spring peepers to produce shorter calls, and the high-frequency noise treatment caused them to lower the frequency of their calls immediately after the noise ceased. Call rate did not change in response to playback. Consistent with previous studies, ambient temperature was inversely related to call duration and positively related to call rate. We conclude that noise affects the structure of spring peeper advertisement calls, and that spring peepers therefore have a mechanism for altering signal structure in response to noise. Future studies should test if other types of noise, such as biotic or anthropogenic noise, have similar effects on call structure, and if the observed changes to call structure enhance or impair communication in noisy environments [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 438-448, 2014].
