Ti14合金半固态变形组织及力学性能

以新型阻燃Ti14合金(α+Ti2Cu)为研究对象,分别进行常规固态锻造(950℃)和半固态锻造(1000℃),对比研究合金半固态变形的组织和拉伸性能,并讨论可能引发组织和拉伸性能变化的原因。结果表明:半固态锻造过程未发生动态再结晶,使得室温组织晶粒粗大,液相Ti2Cu在压力作用下沿晶界分布,形成了偏析,粗化了晶界,改变了晶界的结构;晶界结构的变化诱发了晶界的硬化效应,使得室温拉伸的强度升高,塑性降低。

Ti14合金半固态变形的晶界偏析行为

以新型阻燃钛合金Ti14(α+Ti2Cu)为对象,研究了合金在半固态条件下的晶界偏析行为。结果表明,Ti14半固态变形使得Cu元素在晶界偏聚,冷却后以Ti2Cu相偏析于晶界,偏聚和偏析过程与半固态变形温度具有较大的相关性;同时,提出了Ti2Cu相形核和析出长大动力学模式,并用非经典形核长大理论进行了解释。

Ti14合金半固态变形后热稳定性的研究

以新型阻燃钛合金Ti14(α+Ti2Cu)为对象,对比研究常规和半固态加工后合金的热稳定性。结果表明:热暴露时间不超过150h时,半固态加工试样的强度明显优于常规加工试样,且塑性相差不大。而热暴露200h后两种状态加工的合金热稳定性相近。常规加工态,Ti2Cu相以颗粒状弥散分布于晶内;半固态加工,Ti2Cu相熔化并在冷却过程中以条状偏析于晶界,使得断口韧窝粗化并出现少量解理条纹,这是导致合金热稳定性能改变的重要因素。

Ti14合金半固态变形的组织演变特征

以新型阻燃合金Ti14合金(α+Ti2Cu)为对象,研究了Ti合金在固态和半固态变形的组织演变过程,分析了温度和变形量对合金晶粒形态和晶界特征的影响,结果表明:半固态条件下未发生动态再结晶,使得晶粒粗大,温度影响了液相的析出,随着温度的升高,液相析出量增加,并集中在晶界处,使得晶界宽化,由不连续转变为连续分布;变形量改变了晶界的界面能,促使晶界发生迁移和转动,导致弯曲的晶界向其曲率中心方向移动,三叉晶的交角向120°趋近。

一种典型钛合金Ti-Al-Cu-Si的半固态变形

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机对Ti-Al-Cu-Si钛合金在温度为1000￣1200℃之间,应变速率为0.005￣5/s之间,变形程度为40%￣70%的条件下进行了高温热压缩实验研究。分析了实验合金高温变形时流变应力与应变速率、变形温度及变形程度之间的关系以及组织变化,为优化变形加工条件提供依据。实验结果表明:在恒应变速率的条件下,合金的真应力水平随着温度的升高而降低,合金的稳态流变应力随应变速率的增大而减小,随变形程度的增大真应力减小。

铸态Mg-6Zn合金的半固态压缩变形行为及本构模型的建立

利用Gleeble-3500型热力模拟试验机对铸态Mg-6Zn合金在变形温度500,520,540℃,应变速率0.1,1,5 s^(-1)下进行半固态压缩试验,得到了真应力-真应变曲线;基于真应力和真应变试验数据及Arrhenius模型,建立该合金的半固态压缩本构模型,并进行试验验证。结果表明:Mg-6Zn合金的半固态压缩变形过程主要分为类弹性变形、应变硬化变形和流变黏塑性变形3个阶段;峰值应力随变形温度的升高或应变速率的减小而降低。利用建立的本构模型计算得到的真应力与试验结果之间的相关性很好,相关系数为0.947,平均相对误差为5.57%,说明该本构模型能够较准确地预测铸态Mg-6Zn合金的半固态压缩变形行为。

Ti14钛合金半固态氧化和变形行为研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机研究了Ti14阻燃钛合金在990℃以上半固态条件下的氧化和变形行为,利用金相显微镜观察变形前后及氧化的微观组织形貌,采用X射线衍射(XRD)仪分析氧化层的组成,利用线扫描分析氧化层中元素分布。结果表明,半固态氧化温度升高,氧化增重急剧增加,表面氧化层中只存在Ti的氧化物,不存在Cu的氧化物,表面形成5层氧化层结构,熔融的晶界是氧向基体内扩散的优先通道;Ti14合金半固态变形中,晶界、晶内的Ti2Cu相熔融长大,形成宽化的晶界和网格状结构。

半固态加工变形温度对Ti14微观组织及变形机制的影响

研究了不同半固态加工变形温度下Ti14合金组织的演变规律,探讨了变形机制。结果表明:温度影响了液相的析出,随着温度的升高,液相形成量增加,并集中在晶界处,使得晶界宽化,由不连续转变为连续分布;由于晶界液相的增加,产生了润滑作用,使得晶界的摩擦力减小,滑移易于开动,加工变形机制由单一的固相塑变转变为以晶界滑移为主伴随少量固相塑变。

变形工艺参数对半固态Ti14合金显微组织的影响

采用φ8mm×15mm的试样在Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机上进行半固态Ti14合金的高温压缩变形实验，研究不同变形温度（1000—1200℃）、不同变形量（40％-70％）和不同应变速率（0．005—5/s）对显微组织的影响，分析了晶界的变化规律。结果表明：变形温度直接影响晶粒的形核长大及球化，随着温度升高，晶粒直径明显增大，晶界宽化；变形程度对微观组织的影响随变形温度的不同而不同；晶粒等效直径随着应变速率增大和温度的升高呈现出先降后升的趋势。

变形条件对半固态Al-4Cu-Mg合金微观组织的影响

研究了用应变诱发熔化激活法(SIMA)制备的半固态Al-4Cu-Mg合金在不同变形温度、变形程度和应变速率下半固态压缩变形时的微观组织演变。研究结果表明:在半固态条件下,随变形温度的升高,晶粒平均尺寸增大,分形维数减小;变形程度增大,晶粒平均尺寸减小,分形维数先减小后增大;应变速率增大,晶粒平均尺寸先减小后略有增大,且在小的应变速率下,晶粒平均尺寸随应变速率变化的趋势较大,分形维数随着应变速率的增大而增大。

不同半固态加工变形量的Ti14合金的微观组织和晶界特征

研究了Ti14合金半固态加工变形过程中合金组织的演变规律及晶界特征,探讨了不同变形量下晶粒长大的机制及晶界变化规律。结果表明:加工变形过程改变了液相的分布,使得液相沿晶界向试样表面流动;当变形量在45%～60%时,宏观组织粗大,晶界清晰,晶粒以Ostwald熟化机制长大;当变形量超过75%后,晶界细化并出现不连续晶界,晶粒以合并长大机制为主,遵循位向择优原则;变形过程中改变了晶界的界面能,促使晶界发生迁移和转动,导致弯曲的晶界向其曲率中心方向移动,三叉晶的交角向120°趋近。

半固态加工Ti14阻燃合金的高温拉伸性能和断口特征

以新型阻燃合金Ti14为研究对象,通过力学性能测试和断口分析等方法对比研究了合金常规加工和半固态加工后,试样在不同温度区间的宏观力学行为,分析了断口的宏观、微观形貌及断裂机制。结果表明:半固态加工试样300℃以下拉伸,表现出高强度、低塑性特征,400℃以上拉伸两种加工方法的强度和塑性非常接近;半固态高温断口特征表现为韧性断裂,宏观断口存在明显的二次裂纹。

Microstructure control of AZ31 alloy by self-inoculation method for semisolid rheocasting

A novel rheocasting process, self-inoculation method （SIM）, was developed for the microstructure control of semisolid wrought Mg alloy. This process involves mixing between liquid alloy and particles of solid alloy （self-inoculants）, subsequently pouring the mixed melt into a special designed multi-stream fluid director. The primary phase with dendritic morphology in the conventionally cast AZ31 alloy has readily transformed into near spherical one in the slurry produced by SIM from melt treatment temperature between 690 ℃ and 710 ℃ and self-inoculants addition of 3%-7%. Achievement of the non-dendritic microstructure at the higher melt treatment temperature requires more self-inoculants addition or decreases in the slope angle of fluid director. Primary phase in the slurry thus produced has attained an ideally globular morphology after isothermal holding at 620 ℃ for 30 s. The increasing holding time leads to decrease of shape factor but the coarsening of particle size. The spheroidization and coarsening evolution process of solid particles during the isothermal holding were analyzed by Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner （LSW） theory.

Microstructure and properties of electronic packaging box with high silicon aluminum-base alloy by semi-solid thixoforming

The electronic packaging box with high silicon aluminum-base alloy was prepared by semi-solid thixoforming technique.The flow characteristic of the Si phase was analyzed.The microstructures of different parts of the box were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy,and the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the box were tested.The results show that there exists the segregation phenomenon between the primary Si phase and the liquid phase during thixoforming,the liquid phase flows from the box,and the primary Si phase accumulates at the bottom of the box.The volume fraction of primary Si phase decreases gradually from the bottom to the walls.Accordingly,the thermal conductivities of bottom center and walls are 107.6 and 131.5 W/（m·K）,the coefficients of thermal expansion（CTE） are 7.9×10-6 and 10.6×10-6 K-1,respectively.The flexural strength increases slightly from 167 to 180 MPa.The microstructures and properties of the box show gradient distribution overall.

Simulation of temperature field and metal flow during continuous semisolid extending extrusion process of 6201 alloy tube

A continuous semisolid extending extrusion （CSEP） method was proposed. Temperature field and metal flow during continuous semisolid extending extrusion process of 6201 alloy tube were studied. During the process, the temperature in the roll-shoe cavity decreases gradually, and the isothermal lines of the alloy deviate from the shoe side to the work roll side in the roll–shoe gap. Metal flow velocity decreases gradually from the surface of the work roll to the surface of the shoe. In the extrusion mould, alloy temperature decreases gradually from the entrance to the exit and from the center to the sidewall of the mould. The extending cavity is radially filled with the alloy. The flow lines in the tube corresponding to the centers of the splitflow orifices and the welding gaps are dense, and the corresponding harness values are high; there are 8 transitional bands between them. In order to prepare 6201 alloy tubes with good surface quality, the pouring temperature from 750 ℃ to 780 ℃ was suggested.

Microstructure evolution and segregation behavior of thixoformed Al-Cu-Mg-Mn alloy

A commercial wrought Al-Cu-Mg-Mn alloy（2024） was thixoformed based on the recrystallization and partial melting（RAP） route, and the microstructure evolution and segregation behavior during the indirect thixoforming process were studied. The results show that fine spheroidal microstructures can be obtained by partial remelting of commercial extruded 2024 alloys without additional thermomechanical processing. During the indirect thixoforming, the stress distribution can be optimized by increasing the thickness of base region. Under three-dimensional compression stress state, the microstructures are homogeneous among different regions with no evidence of liquid segregation and micro-porosities, and the grains in the columns are deformed plastically. The distribution of tensile mechanical properties is consistent with the microstructures. Moreover, the distribution of deformation mechanism was discussed, and a technical method for improving the stress distribution was proposed.

Forced convection rheoforming process for preparation of 7075 aluminum alloy semisolid slurry and its numerical simulation

A self-developed forced convection rheoforming （FCR） machine for the preparation of light alloy semisolid slurry was introduced. The microstructure characteristics of 7075 aluminium alloy semisolid slurry at different stirring speeds prepared by the FCR process were analyzed. The experimental results suggest that with the increase of the stirring speed, the mean grain size of the semisolid decreases and the shape factor as well as the number of primary grains increase. Meanwhile, the preparation process of semisolid slurry was numerically simulated. The flow characteristics of the melt in the device and the effect of the stirring speed on temperature field and solid fraction of the melt were investigated. The simulated results show that during the preparation process of semisolid slurry, there is a complex convection within the FCR device that obviously changes the temperature field distribution and solid fraction of the melt. When the convection intensity increases, the scope of the undercooling gradient of the melt is reduced and temperature distribution is improved.

Effects of technical parameters of continuous semisolid rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-3Sn-1Mn alloy

A sloping semisolid rheo-rolling process of Mg-3Sn-1Mn alloy was developed, and the effects of process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-3Sn-lMn alloy strip were studied. The results show that the primary grain average diameter of the strip increases with the increase of the roll speed. The primary grain average diameter decreases firstly and then increases with the increase of the vibration frequency, and the tensile strength and elongation of the strip increase firstly and then decrease with the increase of the vibration frequency. The primary grain average diameter increases with the increase of casting temperature, and the tensile strength and elongation of the strip decrease correspondingly. When the casting temperature is 670℃, the roll speed is 52 mm/s, and the vibration frequency is 60 Hz, Mg-3Sn-1Mn alloy strip with good properties is produced. The mechanical properties of the present product are higher than those of Mg-3Sn-lMn alloy casting with the addition of 0.87% Ce （mass fraction）.

Effects of punch velocity on microstructure and tensile properties of thixoforged Mg2Sip/AM60B composite

The effects of punch velocity on the microstructures and tensile properties of Mg2 Sip/AM60 B composite were investigated.In comparison,the tensile properties of the permanent mold casting of this composite were also analyzed.The results indicate that the punch velocity obviously influences the microstructure through changing the secondary solidification behaviors and semisolid deformation mechanisms.The variations of the microstructures and deformation mechanisms are responsible for the changes in tensile properties and fracture modes of the composites.The best comprehensive tensile properties of this composite are obtained under the punch velocity of 60 mm/s.The resulting ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the composite are found to be 198 MPa and 10.2%,respectively.The excellent tensile properties of the thixoforged composite are ascribed to the elimination of porosities and the work hardening.

High temperature deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of wrought nickel-based superalloy GH4037 in solid and semi-solid states

Cylindrical samples of Ni-based GH4037 alloy were compressed at solid temperatures(1200,1250 and 1300℃) and semi-solid temperatures(1340,1350,1360,1370 and 1380℃) with different strain rates of 0.01,0.1 and 1 s-1.High temperature deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of GH4037 alloy were investigated.The results indicated that flow stress decreased rapidly at semi-solid temperatures compared to that at solid temperatures.Besides,the flow stress continued to increase after reaching the initial peak stress at semi-solid temperatures when the strain rate was 1 s-1.With increasing the deformation temperature,the size of initial solid grains and recrystallized grains increased.At semi-solid temperatures,the grains were equiaxed,and liquid phase existed at the grain boundaries and inside the grains.Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX) characterized by grain boundary bulging was the main nucleation mechanism for GH4037 alloy.