超声半定量特征评分对腮腺多形性腺瘤和沃辛瘤的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨腮腺多形性腺瘤(PA)和沃辛瘤(WT)应用超声半定量特征评分的鉴别诊断价值。方法分析68例均行接受超声检查腮腺良性肿瘤患者临床资料,以术后病理诊断结果作为金标准,分析超声半定量特征评分对PA和WT诊断效能;比较PA与WT超声半定量特征评分并绘制其鉴别价值的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线得到曲线下面积(AUC)。结果超声半定量特征评分对PA和WT诊断灵敏度分别为90.9%、94.3%,特异度为97.1%、97.0%,准确度为94.1%、95.6%,阳性预测值为96.8%、97.1%,阴性预测值为91.9%、94.1%。两组超声各半定量特征评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中腺体血流对PA于WT的AUC最高为0.706。结论PA与WT超声半定量特征差异显著,超声半定量特征评分可用于鉴别诊断两种疾病。

颅骨生前骨折铁元素半定量分析

笔者用英制S250——MKⅢ型扫描电镜与美制wDx——2A型波谱仪、Q2000/S型能谱仪,先后检测了两例奸情杀人案被害人颅骨,一例死后经过时间为4年零5个月,另一例为9年零3个月,结果均获得成功。生前骨折Fe半定量计数值为死后骨折、无骨折部位的3～6倍;动物试验表明,生前骨折铁含量随伤后迁延时间而增高,与0.5％洗衣粉煮沸处理无关。笔者认为,在排除死后血淀坠积干扰的条件下,颅骨Fe半定量分析结果是认定生前骨折的可靠依据。

分子的模糊对称性

将模糊数学方法引入对分子对称点群的研究,建立描述具有不完整分子对称性的模糊点对称群(集合).建立具有模糊对称性分子轨道的模糊表示及其模糊特征标(模糊广义宇称).通过对典型的线状分子、平面分子以及非平面的立体分子等进行分析,展示了一个新的理论化学园地.初步探讨了具有模糊对称性的动态反应体系.从模糊对称性出发,探讨了分子轨道对称守恒原理的半定量特征.

Expression of HIF-1α in breast cancer and precancerous lesions and the relationship to clinicopathological features

Objective： The aim of this study was to observe the expressions and clinical significance of HIF-1a in breast cancer and precancerous lesions, and analyze the relationship between the expressions and clinicopathological features in breast cancer. Methods： We analyzed the HIF-1a expression in 128 cases of invasive ductal carcinomas, 146 precancerous lesions patients including 89 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ and 57 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia. 53 cases of usual ductal hyperplasia breast tissues were selected as a control group. The specimens were evaluated for HIF-1a, estrogen receptor （ER） ＆ progesterone receptor （PR）, epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 （HER2/neu） and Ki-67. Immunoreactivity was semi-quantitatively evaluated in at least 1000 cells examined under the microscope at 40 x magnification and recorded as the percentage of positive tumor cells over the total number of cells examined in the same area. The percentage scores were subsequently categorized. The express of HIF-1a and their relationship with multiple biological parameters including ER ＆ PR, HER2/neu and Ki-67, the biomarkers levels of CA153, CA125 TSGF, and CEA in blood serum and nipple discharge, histological grade, region lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and recurrence on files were also assessed. Results： Compared with usual ductal hyperplasia, the positive expression rate of HIF-1a in atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinomas group was significantly increased （P 〈 0.01）. The positive rates of HIF-1a in invasive ductal carcinomas were 68.75%, which were significantly higher than that in ductal carcinoma in situ （43.8%）, atypical ductal hyperplasia （31.6%）, usual ductal hyperplasia （9.4%; X2 = 13.44, 22.27, 52.79, respectively, P 〈 0.01）. Statistical analysis showed that difference of abnormal expression rate of HIF-1a between ductal carcinoma in situ and usual ductal hyperplasia （X2 = 18.37, P = 0.00）, atypical ductal hyperplasia and usual ductal hyperplasia （x2 = 8.14, P = 0.00） was significant （P = 0.00）. However, no significant difference in the positive expression rate of HIF-1a was found between atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ tissue （X2 = 2.19, P = 0.14）. There was a significantly difference in the mean HIF-1a frequency between ER ＆ PR positive invasive ductal carcinomas group and negative group, epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 （HER2/neu） positive and negative groups, Ki-67 proliferation index 〈 14% and 〉 14% groups, histological grade （I ＋ II） and grade III invasive ductal carcinomas groups, with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and recurrence groups （P 〈 0.05） and without groups （P 〈 0.05）. However, there was not difference in the mean HIF-1a between age （〈 50 years vs 〉 50 years）, tumor diameter （〈 2 cm vs 〉 2 cm; P 〉 0.05）. The nipple discharge and serum levels of CA153, TSGF, CA125 and CEA in invasive ductal carcinomas HIF-1a positive patients were significantly higher than those in the negative patients （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： In breast cancer, HIF-1a expressibn was abnormally increased. The aberration of HIF-1a may play a key role during oncogenesis （atypical ductal hyperplasia or ductal carcinoma in situ） and promote breast cellular transformation into malignancy, a finding useful for further understanding of tumorigenesis. The abnormal expression of HIF-1a may be as an early event in the development of breast tumor. The over-expression of HIF-1a might be important biological markers for invasion, metastasis and recurrence of breast cancer.