一种具有协同作用的新型除虫菊酯载热固体泡沫和苯甲酸苄酯对罪犯疥疮的疗效和耐受性的比较研究:ISAC研究(Studio Della scabbia in ambiente carcerario)

Background:Scabies is a very common skin infection in convicts.The SIMSPE Society(SocietItaliana di Medicina e Sanit`a Penitenziaria)has organized and conducted a multicentre,randomized,comparative,parallel group,investigator-blinded trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of synergized pyrethrins foam(PF)in comparison with benzyl benzoate(BB)lotion.Methods:A total of 240 convicted patients,enrolled in eight National Jail Institutions,with a clinical diagnosis of scabies,were treated with PF(n = 120)for three consecutive days or BB(n = 120)for five consecutive days.Primary study endpoints were the clinical cure rate and the local tolerability.Secondary endpoints were clinical evolution of scabietic lesions and itching intensity.Study outcomes were assessed using appropriate semiquantitative scores at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks.A second treatment cycle was applied if after 2 weeks the patient was not judged clinically cured.Results:At week 2,a total of 75%(95 %CI:66-82%)and 71%(95%CI:62-78%)of patients showed a complete clinical cure rate in the PF and BB groups,respectively.At week 4,the percentage of totally cured patients increased up to 95%(95%CI:89-97%)and 91%(95%CI:83-94%)in the PF and BB groups,respectively(P = NS between groups).At week 4,5%in the PF group and 9%in the BB group complained of itching.Burning and irritation after treatment applications were more common in the BB group in comparison with the PF group.The tolerability score was better in the PF group in comparison with to BB group(2.9 vs.2.2;P = 0.0001).A total of 95%of patients in the PV group had a good tolerability score(i.e.= 3)in comparison with 41%in the BB group.Conclusion:Our results show that a 3-day treatment with pyrethrins thermofobic foam is at least as effective as a 5-day treatment with benzyl benzoate lotion in convicted subjects with scabies.The foam formulation is better tolerated than the benzyl benzoate lotion.

Liver tumor infiltrating lymphocytes: Comparison of hepatocellular and cholangiolar carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the role of tumor inf iltrating lym-phocytes (TIL) in primary hepatocellular and cholangio-lar carcinomas of the liver.METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was per-formed including antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD56 and TIA-1 in formalin-f ixed and paraff in-embed-ded tissue of 35 liver resection specimens of hepatocel-lular or cholangiocellular carcinomas. Semiquantitative evaluation was performed with emphasis on the area of the tumor itself and of the tumor/liver interface.RESULTS: All hepatocellular carcinomas showed in-filtration of lymphocytes predominantly around the tumor in the tumor/liver interface consisting mainly of CD3+ CD4+ T lymphocytes [164.3/10 high power f ields (HPF)] and in the tumor itself of CD8+ cells (54.9/10 HPF). Cholangiocarcinomas contained a heterogeneous amount of TIL, composed mainly of CD3+ T cells with a predominance of CD8+ cells in the tumor tissue (52.6/10 HPF) and of CD4+ cells in the interface region (223.1/10 HPF). CD56+ cells of the innate immune system were scarce. There was no significant difference between hepatocellular or cholangiolar carcinoma. No correlation with the clinicopathological data was seen. CONCLUSION: Liver TIL consists of intratumoral CD8+ T cells and peritumoral CD4+ T cells indepen-dent of histogenetic origin. Different functions of lym-phocytes in these regions seem possible.

Building Vulnerability Evaluation in Landslide Deformation Phase

Building vulnerability evaluation is important in the risk assessment on earthquake and flood hazards. But for landslide hazard, it is also a very important part for the people in buildings. Most discussions or researches about building vulnerability are for landslide failure, few for landslide in deformation phase. For this objective, this paper discussed about building vulnerability evaluation using Zhaoshuling landslide as an example Zhaoshuling landslide named located in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. After a field survey on the geological condition of landslide, detailed field investigation on the buildings' location and structure is carried out. To get landslide surface deformation, numerical simulation method is used under the combining condition of water fluctuation and rainfall. Then building deformation and probable damage degree is analyzed according to landslide surface deformation and the relative theory in mining. Based on the national standard building damage classification system, the vulnerability of all the buildings on the landslide is semi-quantitatively evaluated.

Expression of HIF-1α in breast cancer and precancerous lesions and the relationship to clinicopathological features

Objective： The aim of this study was to observe the expressions and clinical significance of HIF-1a in breast cancer and precancerous lesions, and analyze the relationship between the expressions and clinicopathological features in breast cancer. Methods： We analyzed the HIF-1a expression in 128 cases of invasive ductal carcinomas, 146 precancerous lesions patients including 89 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ and 57 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia. 53 cases of usual ductal hyperplasia breast tissues were selected as a control group. The specimens were evaluated for HIF-1a, estrogen receptor （ER） ＆ progesterone receptor （PR）, epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 （HER2/neu） and Ki-67. Immunoreactivity was semi-quantitatively evaluated in at least 1000 cells examined under the microscope at 40 x magnification and recorded as the percentage of positive tumor cells over the total number of cells examined in the same area. The percentage scores were subsequently categorized. The express of HIF-1a and their relationship with multiple biological parameters including ER ＆ PR, HER2/neu and Ki-67, the biomarkers levels of CA153, CA125 TSGF, and CEA in blood serum and nipple discharge, histological grade, region lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and recurrence on files were also assessed. Results： Compared with usual ductal hyperplasia, the positive expression rate of HIF-1a in atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinomas group was significantly increased （P 〈 0.01）. The positive rates of HIF-1a in invasive ductal carcinomas were 68.75%, which were significantly higher than that in ductal carcinoma in situ （43.8%）, atypical ductal hyperplasia （31.6%）, usual ductal hyperplasia （9.4%; X2 = 13.44, 22.27, 52.79, respectively, P 〈 0.01）. Statistical analysis showed that difference of abnormal expression rate of HIF-1a between ductal carcinoma in situ and usual ductal hyperplasia （X2 = 18.37, P = 0.00）, atypical ductal hyperplasia and usual ductal hyperplasia （x2 = 8.14, P = 0.00） was significant （P = 0.00）. However, no significant difference in the positive expression rate of HIF-1a was found between atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ tissue （X2 = 2.19, P = 0.14）. There was a significantly difference in the mean HIF-1a frequency between ER ＆ PR positive invasive ductal carcinomas group and negative group, epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 （HER2/neu） positive and negative groups, Ki-67 proliferation index 〈 14% and 〉 14% groups, histological grade （I ＋ II） and grade III invasive ductal carcinomas groups, with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and recurrence groups （P 〈 0.05） and without groups （P 〈 0.05）. However, there was not difference in the mean HIF-1a between age （〈 50 years vs 〉 50 years）, tumor diameter （〈 2 cm vs 〉 2 cm; P 〉 0.05）. The nipple discharge and serum levels of CA153, TSGF, CA125 and CEA in invasive ductal carcinomas HIF-1a positive patients were significantly higher than those in the negative patients （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： In breast cancer, HIF-1a expressibn was abnormally increased. The aberration of HIF-1a may play a key role during oncogenesis （atypical ductal hyperplasia or ductal carcinoma in situ） and promote breast cellular transformation into malignancy, a finding useful for further understanding of tumorigenesis. The abnormal expression of HIF-1a may be as an early event in the development of breast tumor. The over-expression of HIF-1a might be important biological markers for invasion, metastasis and recurrence of breast cancer.

Finite sample breakdown point of Tukey＇s halfspace median

Tukey's halfspace median(HM), servicing as the multivariate counterpart of the univariate median,has been introduced and extensively studied in the literature. It is supposed and expected to preserve robustness property(the most outstanding property) of the univariate median. One of prevalent quantitative assessments of robustness is finite sample breakdown point(FSBP). Indeed, the FSBP of many multivariate medians have been identified, except for the most prevailing one—the Tukey's halfspace median. This paper presents a precise result on FSBP for Tukey's halfspace median. The result here depicts the complete prospect of the global robustness of HM in the finite sample practical scenario, revealing the dimension effect on the breakdown point robustness and complimenting the existing asymptotic breakdown point result.