A heat center (HC) of the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) is defined, its variability is examined, and a possible mechanism is discussed. Analysis and calculation of a temperature dataset from 1945-2006 show that the...A heat center (HC) of the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) is defined, its variability is examined, and a possible mechanism is discussed. Analysis and calculation of a temperature dataset from 1945-2006 show that the mean position of the HC during this period was near 0.4°S/169.0°E, at 38.0 m depth. From a time series of the HC, remarkable seasonal variability was found, mainly in the meridional and vertical directions. Interannual variabilities were dominant in the zonal and vertical directions. In addition, semiannual variation in the HC depth was discovered. The longitude of the HC varies with ENSO events, and its latitude is weakly related to ENSO on time scales shorter than a decade. The variation of the HC longitude leads the Nio-3 index by about 3-4 months, and its depth lags the index for approximately 3 months. It is concluded that the HC depth results from a combination of its longitudinal and latitudinal variations. Low-pass-filtered time series reveal that the HC has moved eastward since the mid 1980s.展开更多
美国西北研究机构（NWRA：NorthWest Research Associates）发布了1963-1992年期间在Kwajalein岛礁（8°N,167°E）上共计1862次火箭探测的平流层风场和温度剖面.本文选取测量较为连续的1969-1972年期间共计345个风场剖面来研...美国西北研究机构（NWRA：NorthWest Research Associates）发布了1963-1992年期间在Kwajalein岛礁（8°N,167°E）上共计1862次火箭探测的平流层风场和温度剖面.本文选取测量较为连续的1969-1972年期间共计345个风场剖面来研究平流层月平均风场及其两年变化、年变化和半年变化的特征.同时与目前应用较为广泛的风场模式HWM07（Horizontal Wind Model：2007）和CIRA86（COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere：1986）进行了比较.火箭测量的4年逐月平均纬向风在夏季为西向风,并在8月41km处达到最大值45ms-1;在冬季变为东向风,并在3月57km处达到最大值47ms-1.全年的经向风在60km以下基本上是北向风且风速低于10ms-1.纬向风在20~35km之间以两年变化为主,振幅在10~17ms-1之间;在45~55km之间以半年变化为主,振幅是16~25 ms-1之间;在5km以上以年变化为主,振幅在16~25 ms-1之间.测量风场与HMW07相比,HWM07的西向风在7月46km处达到最大值38ms-1,东向风在2月60km处达到最大值37ms-1,均小于测量风场的峰值.测量风场与CIRA86相比,CIRA86的西向风在7月49km处达到最大值36ms-1,东向风在3月60km处达到最大值43ms-1,仍小于测量风场的峰值.测量风速稍大于模式风速的可能原因之一是测量风场包含了背景风场和各种波动成分,而模式风场是气候学平均的结果;此外,HWM07和CIRA86虽然包含了不少探空火箭数据,但并没有包含在Kwajalein岛礁的测量资料.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Major Project (Nos. 40890150, 40890151)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2007-CB411802)
文摘A heat center (HC) of the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) is defined, its variability is examined, and a possible mechanism is discussed. Analysis and calculation of a temperature dataset from 1945-2006 show that the mean position of the HC during this period was near 0.4°S/169.0°E, at 38.0 m depth. From a time series of the HC, remarkable seasonal variability was found, mainly in the meridional and vertical directions. Interannual variabilities were dominant in the zonal and vertical directions. In addition, semiannual variation in the HC depth was discovered. The longitude of the HC varies with ENSO events, and its latitude is weakly related to ENSO on time scales shorter than a decade. The variation of the HC longitude leads the Nio-3 index by about 3-4 months, and its depth lags the index for approximately 3 months. It is concluded that the HC depth results from a combination of its longitudinal and latitudinal variations. Low-pass-filtered time series reveal that the HC has moved eastward since the mid 1980s.
文摘美国西北研究机构（NWRA：NorthWest Research Associates）发布了1963-1992年期间在Kwajalein岛礁（8°N,167°E）上共计1862次火箭探测的平流层风场和温度剖面.本文选取测量较为连续的1969-1972年期间共计345个风场剖面来研究平流层月平均风场及其两年变化、年变化和半年变化的特征.同时与目前应用较为广泛的风场模式HWM07（Horizontal Wind Model：2007）和CIRA86（COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere：1986）进行了比较.火箭测量的4年逐月平均纬向风在夏季为西向风,并在8月41km处达到最大值45ms-1;在冬季变为东向风,并在3月57km处达到最大值47ms-1.全年的经向风在60km以下基本上是北向风且风速低于10ms-1.纬向风在20~35km之间以两年变化为主,振幅在10~17ms-1之间;在45~55km之间以半年变化为主,振幅是16~25 ms-1之间;在5km以上以年变化为主,振幅在16~25 ms-1之间.测量风场与HMW07相比,HWM07的西向风在7月46km处达到最大值38ms-1,东向风在2月60km处达到最大值37ms-1,均小于测量风场的峰值.测量风场与CIRA86相比,CIRA86的西向风在7月49km处达到最大值36ms-1,东向风在3月60km处达到最大值43ms-1,仍小于测量风场的峰值.测量风速稍大于模式风速的可能原因之一是测量风场包含了背景风场和各种波动成分,而模式风场是气候学平均的结果;此外,HWM07和CIRA86虽然包含了不少探空火箭数据,但并没有包含在Kwajalein岛礁的测量资料.
