半活体生物艺术的伦理困境审思

利用生物技术创造的半活体艺术品引发了一系列的伦理争议。半活体生物艺术伦理困境的认知路向亟需超越“关系”视域,指向情境化、动态化的“实践”视域。半活体生物艺术伦理困境的症结在于“关怀意愿在场”与“关怀实践缺席”的悖离,因而难以摆脱人类中心主义的倾向。德性伦理学家琼·特朗托(JoanTronto)将人际关系拓展至人与人、事物以及环境的伦理视阈中,强调“关注”“责任”“能力”和“回应”四个道德因素的重要价值,运用这一理论对半活体生物艺术伦理困境进行靶向破解,寻求困境解构的理论逻辑与实践路径都是理想的、有效的。据此,可以有效激发艺术家与公众反思对半活体生物应当承担的伦理责任,并为生物艺术伦理学的发展提供新动力。

半活体和离体大白鼠坐骨神经轴向力学性质的差异

成年Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠坐骨神经（ＳＣＮ）１４侧，随机分为２组，分别在半活体和离体两种不同状态下进行单轴拉伸试验，结果表明：当轴向应力在０～３６ｋＰａ范围时，半活体和离休的ＳＣＮ应力应交关系为指数函数关系，但材料常数Ｘａ间有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０２）。

Effect of Chemical Doping and Ion Implantation on Cond uctivity of Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Derivatives

The surface conductivity of poly [ 2-methoxy-5-（3＇-methyl） butoxy]-p-phenylene vinylene （PMOMBOPV） films doped with FeCl3 and H2SO4 by chemical method and implanted by N^＋ ions was studied and the comparison of environmental stability of conductive behavior was also investigated. The energy and dose of N^＋ ions were in the rang 15～35 keV and 3. 8×10^15～9. 6×10^16 ions/cm^2, respectively. The conductivity of PMOMBOPV film was enhanced remarkably with the increases of the energy and dose of N^＋ ions. For example, the conductivity of PMOMBOPV film was 3. 2×10^-2S/cm when ion implantation was performed with an energy of 35 keV at a dose of 9. 6 × 10^14 ions/cm^2 , which was almost seven orders of magnitude higher than that of film unimplanted. The environmental stability of conductive behavior for ionimplanted film was much better than that of chemical doped films. Moreover, the conductive activation energy of ion-implanted films was measured to be about 0.17 eV.

大白鼠坐骨神经轴向力学性质的试验研究

成年Ｗｉｓｔｅｒ大白鼠有神经２１侧，随机分组，分别在活体、半活体和离体３种不同状态下进行轴向拉伸试验。结果表明，当轴向应力在０～３６ｋＰａ范围时，活体坐骨神经应力应变关系基本服从虎克定律，半活体和离体坐骨神经应力应变关系为指数函数关系，但材料常数Ｘ３间有显著性差异。

Simulation of Surfactant Effects on Growth of Semiconductor Hetero-Epitaxial Sb-Ge/Si(111)

A kinetic Monte Carlo simulation is performed in order to study the effect of Sb as a surfactant on the growth of Ge/Si(111).In our model the exchange mechanism between Ge and Sb atoms and the re-exchange mechanism in which the exchanged Ge adatom re-exchange with the lifted Sb atom to return to the surfactant layer,are considered. Our simulation shows the re-exchange process plays an important role on the growth mode transition in Ge/Sb/Si(111) system.The influences of the substrate temperature and the deposition rate on the growth of Ge/Sb/Si(111) system is discussed.

Activating ZnO nanorod photoanodes in visible light by Cu ion implantation

Utilization of visible light is of crucial importance for exploiting efficient semiconductor catalysts for solar water splitting. In this study, an advanced ion implantation method was utilized to dope Cu ions into ZnO nanorod arrays for photoelectrochemical water splitting in visible light. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy （XPS） results revealed that Cu^＋ together with a small amount of Cu^2＋ were highly dispersed within the ZnO nanorod arrays. The Cu ion doped ZnO nanorod arrays displayed extended optical absorption and enhanced photoelectrochemical performance under visible light illumination （A 〉 420 nm）. A considerable photocurrent density of 18 μA/cm^2 at 0.8 V （vs. a saturated calomel electrode） was achieved, which was about 11 times higher than that of undoped ZnO nanorod arrays. This study proposes that ion implantation could be an effective approach for developing novel visible-light-driven photocatalytic materials for water splitting.

An artificial neural network chip based on two-dimensional semiconductor

Recently,research on two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors has begun to translate from the fundamen-tal investigation into rudimentary functional circuits.In this work,we unveil the first functional MoS2 artificial neural network(ANN)chip,including multiply-and-accumulate(MAC),memory and activation function circuits.Such MoS2 ANN chip is realized through fabricating 818 field-effect transistors(FETs)on a wafer-scale and high-homogeneity MoS2 film,with a gate-last process to realize top gate structured FETs.A 62-level simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis(SPICE)model is utilized to design and optimize our analog ANN circuits.To demonstrate a practical application,a tactile digit sensing recognition was demonstrated based on our ANN circuits.After training,the digit recognition rate exceeds 97%.Our work not only demonstrates the protentional of 2D semiconductors in wafer-scale inte-grated circuits,but also paves the way for its future application in AI computation.

Progress of pyrene-based organic semiconductor in organic field effect transistors

Thanks to the pure blue emitting, high planarity, electron rich and ease of chemical modification, pyrene has been thoroughly investigated for applications in organic electronics such as organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs), organic field effect transistors(OFETs), and organic solar cells(OSCs). Especially, great progresses have been made of pyrene-based organic semiconductors for OFETs in past decades. Due to the difference of molecular structure, pyrene-based organic semiconductors are divided into three categories, pyrene as terminal group, pyrene as center core and fused pyrene derivatives. This minireview gives a brief introduction of the structure-property relationship and application in OFETs about most of pyrene-based semiconducting materials since 2006,illustrating that pyrene is a good building block to construct semiconductors with superior transport property for OFETs. Finally, we provide a summary concerning the methodology to improve the transport property of the pyrene-based semiconducting materials as well as an outlook.

Effect of total dissolved gas supersaturated water on early life of David's schizothoracin (Schizothorax davidi)

The effect of total dissolved gas （TDG） supersaturation on fish living downstream of dams is one of the main ecological risks of high dam construction. A strategy for mitigating the negative effects is needed urgently since many high dams are under construction in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Experiments on the hatching process of David＇s schizothoracin were carried out and the results show that the hatching rate decreased with increasing TDG levels, and that most eggs hatched within a very short time in the higher TDG saturation groups. By using a stereomicroscope, damages to the head, yolk sac, body, anus, etc. were found in larvae which hatched in TDG supersaturated water. Results show that the lesion rate increased with increasing TDG levels. Furthermore, 7-d-old David＇s schizothoracin were exposed to TDG supersaturated water levels of 100%, 105%, 110%, 115%, 120%, 125%, 130%, 135%, and 140% for testing their tolerance to TDG supersaturation. We found that the median lethal concentrations （LC50） for 13, 14, 20, 35, 52, 73, and 96 h exposure were 138%, 138%, 134%, 130%, 129%, 128%, and 126%, respectively. The median lethal times （LTs0） were 7.49, 11.04, 19.25, and 35.38 h for exposure to water with TDG levels of 145%, 140%, 135%, and 130%, respectively.