晚清民国华人翻译圣经译本研究

圣经在中国的翻译始于汉语圣经译本,两百多年来,基督教一直持续不断推陈出新各种译本。19世纪外国传教士翻译出版了大量汉语深文言、浅文言、方言和少数民族文字的圣经译本。20世纪后,华人基督徒逐渐成为圣经翻译的主体,翻译出版多种白话文圣经译本。产生了第一部以华人名字命名的译本——冯亚生译本,第一部由非基督徒翻译的译本——严复译本,第一部由华人翻译的《圣经全书》——吕振中译本。众多译本中有合作翻译,有个人独立翻译;有直译,也有意译;实现了圣经汉译从外国传教士到华人的角色主体转变,实现了从文言文体到白话文体和新式标点的彻底转变。这些圣经译本的产生呈现了基督教圣经翻译的多元化和持续性,展现了圣经汉译走向自主和基督教日渐中国化的历史脉络。

庚子国变期间北京德界的华人翻译——以程遵尧为例

庚子国变期间,八国联军占据北京实施殖民统治,华人翻译成为华洋沟通的重要渠道。当时各国占领区内,德界骚扰最甚,德界华人翻译的表现相对而言更引人瞩目,毁誉也最甚。出身伶人家庭的德文翻译程遵尧,在此期间多次挺身而出与洋人周旋以保护德界华人,其后更领头倡办德界华捕局、苦力局,极大缓解了德界华人居民的生活困境。此外,程遵尧还曾参与庚子议和。程遵尧的所作所为使其在德界华人中赢得了声望,也获得了清政府的奖励。庚子后,程遵尧及其家族在西学大张的时代中如鱼得水,迅速改变了其在中国社会的边缘地位。

A Study of the E-C Translation for the Modal Verbs in the Berne Convention

The Berne Convention plays a very important role in the protection of the copyright in its member states. Good Chinese translation for the Berne Convention will undoubtedly improve the implementation of it in China. One of the key factors that affect the translation of the Berne Convention is the translation for the modal verbs, because they are concerning the rights conferred to or obligations imposed on authors or countries of the Union. Based on the statistics of the modal verbs used in the Berne Convention, this paper discovers that ＂shall＂ and ＂may＂ are the most frequently used modal verbs among the ones in English language and they are translated into many types of phrases in Chinese, but not all of them are accurate or appropriate, because the expressions used in the Copyright Law of the People＇s Republic of China to indicate rights, obligations or prohibitions are not all those that ＂shall＂ or ＂may＂ are translated into. Some suggestions can be put forward to improve the current Chinese translation for ＂shall＂ or ＂may＂ in the Berne Convention.