Gweru Women AIDS Prevention Association （GWAPA） is an organization that works with commercial sex-workers in the Midlands Province to try and stymie the tide of HIV/AIDS. The organization premises its activities upo...Gweru Women AIDS Prevention Association （GWAPA） is an organization that works with commercial sex-workers in the Midlands Province to try and stymie the tide of HIV/AIDS. The organization premises its activities upon the belief that sex workers are forced into prostitution by poverty and thus offers them alternative livelihood strategies such as piggery projects, chicken rearing, and vegetable vending projects as well as seed money with which to start flea market projects. The organization also runs a condom promotion project, a legal literacy project, and an advocacy project, all in a bid to empower the sex workers cognitively. The study was carried out between April and October 2008, using bar-based observations, interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary evidence. The study found participation to have been more of a fallacy in as far as programming depended more on the whims of donor funders than the actual needs of programme beneficiaries. In the top-down manner that is typical of development communication, the organization would engage donors and secure funding for certain projects which they would then try to convince the sex workers to take up, with mixed results. The research also found limited evidence of real empowerment of beneficiaries in the long run, with the sex workers themselves insisting that the ＂piece-meal＂ efforts of the organization were not sustainable enough to induce them to abandon sex work altogether. The study did, however, find that the organization and its programming had actually managed to score notable success in promoting safer sex within the context of prostitution, albeit without eradicating sex work altogether.展开更多
The sandy soils of Mostaganem plateau are vety, poor in clay. They are characterized by very low fertility and water holding capacity. The addition of bentonite to these soils and the cultivation of durum wheat, in co...The sandy soils of Mostaganem plateau are vety, poor in clay. They are characterized by very low fertility and water holding capacity. The addition of bentonite to these soils and the cultivation of durum wheat, in combination with the chickpeas, are two eco-physiological strategies to rehabilitate their agricultural suitability. This study was conducted on two plant species： a local variety of durum wheat （Waha） and a legume, chickpea （variety ILC 3279）, on a substrate bentonite at 10% dose. For each stage of growth measurements of stem height, leaf area and plants vegetative nitrogen content were quantified. Changes in total nitrogen content of durum wheat grown in substrates amended with 10% bentonite or not during the development of durum wheat in monoculture and in association with the chickpeas were analyzed. The results showed that the total nitrogen content of durum wheat was significantly higher at three leaves and tailoring stages, when durum wheat was associated with chickpea in the same soil. However, the results showed no difference during the lifting and two leaves stages. There was also a positive effect of treatment at 10% of bentonite on the plant total nitrogen content regardless of the stage and the culture system.展开更多
文摘Gweru Women AIDS Prevention Association （GWAPA） is an organization that works with commercial sex-workers in the Midlands Province to try and stymie the tide of HIV/AIDS. The organization premises its activities upon the belief that sex workers are forced into prostitution by poverty and thus offers them alternative livelihood strategies such as piggery projects, chicken rearing, and vegetable vending projects as well as seed money with which to start flea market projects. The organization also runs a condom promotion project, a legal literacy project, and an advocacy project, all in a bid to empower the sex workers cognitively. The study was carried out between April and October 2008, using bar-based observations, interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary evidence. The study found participation to have been more of a fallacy in as far as programming depended more on the whims of donor funders than the actual needs of programme beneficiaries. In the top-down manner that is typical of development communication, the organization would engage donors and secure funding for certain projects which they would then try to convince the sex workers to take up, with mixed results. The research also found limited evidence of real empowerment of beneficiaries in the long run, with the sex workers themselves insisting that the ＂piece-meal＂ efforts of the organization were not sustainable enough to induce them to abandon sex work altogether. The study did, however, find that the organization and its programming had actually managed to score notable success in promoting safer sex within the context of prostitution, albeit without eradicating sex work altogether.
文摘The sandy soils of Mostaganem plateau are vety, poor in clay. They are characterized by very low fertility and water holding capacity. The addition of bentonite to these soils and the cultivation of durum wheat, in combination with the chickpeas, are two eco-physiological strategies to rehabilitate their agricultural suitability. This study was conducted on two plant species： a local variety of durum wheat （Waha） and a legume, chickpea （variety ILC 3279）, on a substrate bentonite at 10% dose. For each stage of growth measurements of stem height, leaf area and plants vegetative nitrogen content were quantified. Changes in total nitrogen content of durum wheat grown in substrates amended with 10% bentonite or not during the development of durum wheat in monoculture and in association with the chickpeas were analyzed. The results showed that the total nitrogen content of durum wheat was significantly higher at three leaves and tailoring stages, when durum wheat was associated with chickpea in the same soil. However, the results showed no difference during the lifting and two leaves stages. There was also a positive effect of treatment at 10% of bentonite on the plant total nitrogen content regardless of the stage and the culture system.
