本文基于社会学和科学技术与社会研究(Science,Technology and Society,STS)的理论维度,结合2018年在T省K医院的田野观察和深入访谈进行论述,分析了当前我国外科手术室内用以填补手术人力而普遍设置的外科医生助理(简称外助)职业的兴起...本文基于社会学和科学技术与社会研究(Science,Technology and Society,STS)的理论维度,结合2018年在T省K医院的田野观察和深入访谈进行论述,分析了当前我国外科手术室内用以填补手术人力而普遍设置的外科医生助理(简称外助)职业的兴起、发展与职业特性。研究发现,在职业现状上,外助掌握特定手术工作的执行而产生专属的职业辖域,使其具有不可替代性。在技能特性上,外助身体经验的积累以及与外科医生间的身体默契,使他们形成一种得以满足各种手术需求,应变性高、弹性化的手术协作技能。手术工作的独立性与工作技能的协作性是外助职业得以存在的必要基础和重要依据。本研究经由对外科医生助理职业现状与技能特性的梳理,从职业与技能的分析视角探讨当前外助职业在我国医院存在的意义与价值,能够对未来医事人力的分配与政策制定提供一定的理论参照。展开更多
Learning challenges are more common in the 21 st century than many people believe; however, there are more efficient and better methods to develop academic learning skills for students. Identifying learning problems c...Learning challenges are more common in the 21 st century than many people believe; however, there are more efficient and better methods to develop academic learning skills for students. Identifying learning problems can help both students and lecturers to apply specific learning techniques and work together to be more productive in the process of teaching and learning. This study investigates the collaboration of science foundation lecturers in addressing the students＇ academic performance and challenges in their foundation modules at the University of Venda. The study is also aimed at finding out whether students can be able to apply their information technology （IT） skills in other modules and they make use of group work in projects into different foundation modules to enhance performance and develop academic learning skills. In this study, students were given projects in their respective modules （Foundation Biology and Foundation IT） and it was required to them to make use of their IT skills during the research report and also during the presentation of their project. These projects were done in groups wherein students undertook some mini researches. Their findings were then reported in writing and presentations were held. The Foundation English lecturer helped in assessing the use of the academic language used in writing and during oral presentations. The findings from these projects were that students＇ academic performance and skills improved and their specific knowledge in those modules also improved radically. It was found that group work plays a very imperative role in enhancing the students＇ performance and collaboration in various foundation modules.展开更多
A P2P scientific collaboration is a P2P network whose members can share documents, co-compile papers and codes, and communicate with each other instantly. From the simulation experiment we found that P2P collaboration...A P2P scientific collaboration is a P2P network whose members can share documents, co-compile papers and codes, and communicate with each other instantly. From the simulation experiment we found that P2P collaboration system is a power-law network with a tail between -2 and -3.We utilized the algorithm that searches by high-degree shortcuts to improve the scalability of p2p collaboration system. The experimental result shows that the algorithm works better than random walk algorithm.展开更多
文摘本文基于社会学和科学技术与社会研究(Science,Technology and Society,STS)的理论维度,结合2018年在T省K医院的田野观察和深入访谈进行论述,分析了当前我国外科手术室内用以填补手术人力而普遍设置的外科医生助理(简称外助)职业的兴起、发展与职业特性。研究发现,在职业现状上,外助掌握特定手术工作的执行而产生专属的职业辖域,使其具有不可替代性。在技能特性上,外助身体经验的积累以及与外科医生间的身体默契,使他们形成一种得以满足各种手术需求,应变性高、弹性化的手术协作技能。手术工作的独立性与工作技能的协作性是外助职业得以存在的必要基础和重要依据。本研究经由对外科医生助理职业现状与技能特性的梳理,从职业与技能的分析视角探讨当前外助职业在我国医院存在的意义与价值,能够对未来医事人力的分配与政策制定提供一定的理论参照。
文摘Learning challenges are more common in the 21 st century than many people believe; however, there are more efficient and better methods to develop academic learning skills for students. Identifying learning problems can help both students and lecturers to apply specific learning techniques and work together to be more productive in the process of teaching and learning. This study investigates the collaboration of science foundation lecturers in addressing the students＇ academic performance and challenges in their foundation modules at the University of Venda. The study is also aimed at finding out whether students can be able to apply their information technology （IT） skills in other modules and they make use of group work in projects into different foundation modules to enhance performance and develop academic learning skills. In this study, students were given projects in their respective modules （Foundation Biology and Foundation IT） and it was required to them to make use of their IT skills during the research report and also during the presentation of their project. These projects were done in groups wherein students undertook some mini researches. Their findings were then reported in writing and presentations were held. The Foundation English lecturer helped in assessing the use of the academic language used in writing and during oral presentations. The findings from these projects were that students＇ academic performance and skills improved and their specific knowledge in those modules also improved radically. It was found that group work plays a very imperative role in enhancing the students＇ performance and collaboration in various foundation modules.
文摘A P2P scientific collaboration is a P2P network whose members can share documents, co-compile papers and codes, and communicate with each other instantly. From the simulation experiment we found that P2P collaboration system is a power-law network with a tail between -2 and -3.We utilized the algorithm that searches by high-degree shortcuts to improve the scalability of p2p collaboration system. The experimental result shows that the algorithm works better than random walk algorithm.
