大规模电动汽车无序充电将会给电网安全运行带来巨大压力,合理利用V2G(vehicle to grid)技术制定最优充放电策略可以有效改善电网运行状况。在满足电动汽车充电需求的基础上,基于经典电池损耗模型和分时电价,以日负荷曲线波动最小和计...大规模电动汽车无序充电将会给电网安全运行带来巨大压力,合理利用V2G(vehicle to grid)技术制定最优充放电策略可以有效改善电网运行状况。在满足电动汽车充电需求的基础上,基于经典电池损耗模型和分时电价,以日负荷曲线波动最小和计及电池放电成本的用户充电成本最小为目标建立了电动汽车充放电多目标优化模型,采用多群组均衡协同搜索算法(EMGSS)进行帕累托前沿和最优折中解的求取,以滚动优化的方式满足综合考虑日间/夜间不同的随机的充电需求并进行优化计算,最大限度地实现电网侧和用户侧的双赢。通过仿真案例验证了该模型可以有效地平抑日负荷曲线波动并且降低用户充电成本。展开更多
Understanding the interactions(synergies and trade-offs)among the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is crucial for enhancing policy coherence between different sectors.However,spatial differences in the SDG interacti...Understanding the interactions(synergies and trade-offs)among the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is crucial for enhancing policy coherence between different sectors.However,spatial differences in the SDG interactions and their temporal variations at the sub-national scale are still critical gaps that need to be urgently filled.Here,we assess the spatial and temporal variation of the SDG interactions in China based on the systematic classification framework of SDGs.The framework groups the seventeen SDGs into three categories,namely“Essential Needs”“Objectives”,and“Governance”.Spatially,we found that the SDGs in“Essential Needs”&“Objectives”and“Essential Needs”&“Governance”generally show trade-offs in the eastern provinces of China.Synergies among all three SDG categories are observed in some central and western China provinces,which implies that these regions conform to sustainable development patterns.In addition,temporally,the synergies of the three SDG categories have shown a weakening trend in the last decade,mainly due to the regional differences in the progress of SDG7(Affordable and Clean Energy).Overall,our results identify the necessity for provinces to enhance the synergies between SDG12(Responsible Production and Consumption)and other SDGs to tackle the trade-offs between the“Essential Needs”and“Objectives”.Meanwhile,promoting the progress of SDG7 will also contribute to balanced development across provinces.展开更多
文摘大规模电动汽车无序充电将会给电网安全运行带来巨大压力,合理利用V2G(vehicle to grid)技术制定最优充放电策略可以有效改善电网运行状况。在满足电动汽车充电需求的基础上,基于经典电池损耗模型和分时电价,以日负荷曲线波动最小和计及电池放电成本的用户充电成本最小为目标建立了电动汽车充放电多目标优化模型,采用多群组均衡协同搜索算法(EMGSS)进行帕累托前沿和最优折中解的求取,以滚动优化的方式满足综合考虑日间/夜间不同的随机的充电需求并进行优化计算,最大限度地实现电网侧和用户侧的双赢。通过仿真案例验证了该模型可以有效地平抑日负荷曲线波动并且降低用户充电成本。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41991230)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0604701)+1 种基金Prajal Pradhan acknowledges funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research for the BIOCLIMAPATHS project(01LS1906A)under the Axis-ERANET callreviewed by Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China(GS(2021)8701)。
文摘Understanding the interactions(synergies and trade-offs)among the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is crucial for enhancing policy coherence between different sectors.However,spatial differences in the SDG interactions and their temporal variations at the sub-national scale are still critical gaps that need to be urgently filled.Here,we assess the spatial and temporal variation of the SDG interactions in China based on the systematic classification framework of SDGs.The framework groups the seventeen SDGs into three categories,namely“Essential Needs”“Objectives”,and“Governance”.Spatially,we found that the SDGs in“Essential Needs”&“Objectives”and“Essential Needs”&“Governance”generally show trade-offs in the eastern provinces of China.Synergies among all three SDG categories are observed in some central and western China provinces,which implies that these regions conform to sustainable development patterns.In addition,temporally,the synergies of the three SDG categories have shown a weakening trend in the last decade,mainly due to the regional differences in the progress of SDG7(Affordable and Clean Energy).Overall,our results identify the necessity for provinces to enhance the synergies between SDG12(Responsible Production and Consumption)and other SDGs to tackle the trade-offs between the“Essential Needs”and“Objectives”.Meanwhile,promoting the progress of SDG7 will also contribute to balanced development across provinces.
