螟黄赤眼蜂与绿豆和棉花植株间协同素研究

用离心法、蒸馏法、冷凝法和吸附法从12个绿豆品种和5个棉花品种植株中提取145份挥发物。用嗅觉仪测定螟黄赤眼蜂对提取物行为反应结果,表明协同素主要来自匍匐型绿豆品种,并主要由吸附法提取获得,活性物质主要存在于叶片中,并随生长期的增长而增加。绿豆植株提取物对螟黄赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂均有显著引诱作用。螟黄赤眼蜂对非挥发性提取物没有明显反应。

新型三元素协同阻燃剂硅酸酯的合成与表征

以三溴苯酚、四氯化硅及环氧丙烷为主要原料,合成了含硅、氯、溴三元素协同高效阻燃剂3-三溴苯氧基-2-氯丙氧基硅酸三2-氯丙基酯。探讨了反应温度、时间及物质的量比等对产率的影响,得到最适宜的工艺条件:n(三溴苯基环氧丙基醚)∶n(四氯化硅)∶n(环氧丙烷)为1∶1∶3.3,在70℃反应3h,产率为98.4%。采用FT IR,1 H NMR,极限氧指数等技术表征此硅酸酯化合物的分子结构及阻燃性能等。实验表明产物用于聚氯乙烯等材料有良好的阻燃效果。

物流仓储中单舵轮叉车机器人的轨迹跟踪研究

针对传统AGV叉车机器人运动控制方案存在的定位精度低和行进轨迹偏差大等问题,提出一种基于双种群蚁群算法的单舵轮叉车机器人运动控制方案.先构建两组坐标系,即全局坐标系和局部坐标系,判断出叉车机器人的相对位置变化,利用所构建的运动学模型和实时通信数据结果,实现对叉车机器人当前位置的准确定位;在最优行进轨迹选择方面,通过划分双种群的策略发挥出精英个体在路径迭代寻优方面的优势,同时通过与主种群之间协同信息素的实时交互,避免精英个体陷入局部最优解,确保精英个体在全局范围选择最优的轨迹路径.实验结果表明:提出的轨迹跟踪方案定位精度偏差值更小,效率高且选择的路径为最短运动轨迹.

含氯溴硅酸酯阻燃剂的合成及表征

以三溴苯酚、四氯化硅及环氧乙烷为主要原料,通过三溴苯基环氧丙基醚与四氯化硅反应生成中间产物三溴苯氧基氯丙氧基三氯化硅,再与环氧乙烷反应,合成硅、氯、溴三元素协同高效阻燃剂三溴苯氧基氯丙氧基硅酸三(氯乙基)酯。探讨了反应温度、时间、原料摩尔比对产率的影响,得到反应的最佳合成工艺条件:n(三溴苯基环氧丙基醚)∶n(四氯化硅)∶n(环氧乙烷)=1∶1∶3.2,50℃反应4 h,产率达98.6%。采用FTIR、1HNMR表征了产物的分子结构。应用研究表明,在聚氯乙烯中加入质量分数10%该阻燃剂时,其极限氧指数为28%。

新型硅酸酯阻燃剂的制备及其性能

以三溴苯氧基氯丙醇、四氯化硅为主要原料合成新型硅、氯、溴三元素协同高效阻燃剂硅酸四(三溴苯氧基氯丙基)酯.探讨了反应温度、时间对产率的影响,得到最适宜的工艺条件:四氯化硅与三溴苯氧基氯丙醇物质的量比为1∶4,120℃反应6h,产率达97.6%.FTIR、1 H NMR的表征结果表明产品与目标产物结构一致,极限氧指数的测试结果表明产品的阻燃性能优良.

硅酸四(三溴苯氧基氯丙基)酯的合成及性能研究

以三溴苯基环氧丙基醚、四氯化硅为主要原料合成新型硅、氯、溴三元素协同高效阻燃剂硅酸四(三溴苯氧基氯丙基)酯。探讨了反应温度、时间等对产率的影响,得到最适宜的工艺条件:四氯化硅与三溴苯基环氧丙基醚物质的量比为1∶4,100℃反应10h,产率达98.3%。并采用FTIR、1H-NMR、极限氧指数等方法表征了产品的分子结构及阻燃性能等。

Synergistic effect of multiple predisposing risk factors on the development of bezoars

AIM： To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with gastric or intestinal bezoars recently treated in our hospital.

Simultaneous visible-light-induced hydrogen production enhancement and antibiotic wastewater degradation using MoS2@ZnxCd1-xS: Solid-solution-assisted photocatalysis

In this study,a ZnxCd1-xS solid solution was successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method.MoS2 serving as a co-catalyst for hydrogen evolution was also prepared through a one-pot hydrothermal method.The structures,morphology,chemical states,and optical properties were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,high-angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy,elemental mapping,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy.Visible-light-driven photocatalytic experiments were conducted to simultaneously achieve hydrogen production and amoxicillin antibiotic wastewater degradation.The results indicated 8%MoS2/ZnxCd1-xS achieves the best photocatalytic performance.The ZnxCd1-xS samples illustrated a superior performance to that of CdS,which can be attributed to a thermodynamic improvement.Based on the results of PL and TRPL analyses,the enhancement of the hydrogen production mechanisms can be ascribed to the prolonged separation process of the photocarriers.Furthermore,the degradation results were analyzed using the HPLC method and the possible degradation pathways were determined through the HPLC-MS techniques.

Synergistic corrosion inhibition behavior of rare-earth cerium ions and serine on carbon steel in 3% NaCl solutions

The synergistic inhibition effect of CeCl3(Ce)and serine(Ser)on the corrosion of carbon steel in a 3%NaCl solution was investigated by electrochemical methods and surface analysis.The results showed that both CeCl3 and Ser,when used alone,had limited inhibition effect toward carbon steel corrosion in the 3%NaCl solution.In contrast,the combination of CeCl3 with Ser produced a strong synergistic effect on the corrosion inhibition behavior of carbon steel,improving the inhibition efficiency significantly.The polarization curves showed that the mixture of CeCl3 and Ser acts as a cationic-type inhibitor.Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the synergistic inhibition effect was due to complex formation between the cerium ions and amino acid molecules.

Combining targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic melanoma

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and has an incidence that is rising faster than any other solid tumor. Metastatic melanoma treatment has considerably progressed in the past five years with the introduction of targeted therapy(BRAF and MEK inhibitors) and immune checkpoint blockade(anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1). However, each treatment modality has limitations. Treatment with targeted therapy has been associated with a high response rate, but with short-term responses. Conversely, treatment with immune checkpoint blockade has a lower response rate, but with longterm responses. Targeted therapy affects antitumor immunity, and synergy may exist when targeted therapy is combined with immunotherapy. This article presents a brief review of the rationale and evidence for the potential synergy between targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade. Challenges and directions for future studies are also proposed.

Synergistic growth inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus emblica and Terminalia bellerica extracts with conventional cytotoxic agents:Doxorubicin and cisplatin against human hepatocellular carcinoma and lung cancer cells

AIM: To examine the growth inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) and Terminalia bellerica (T. bellerica) extracts on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and lung carcinoma (A549) cells and their synergistic effect with doxorubicin or cisplatin. METHODS: HepG2 and A549 cells were treated with P. emblica and T. bellerica extracts either alone or in combination with doxorubicin or cisplatin and effects on cell growth were determined using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The isobologram and combination index (CI) method of Chou-Talalay were used to evaluate interactions between plant extracts and drugs. RESULTS: P. emblica and T. bellerica extracts demonstrated growth inhibitory activity, with a certain degree of selectivity against the two cancer cell lines tested. Synergistic effects (CI < 1) for P. emblica /doxorubicin or cisplatin at different dose levels were demonstrated in A549 and HepG2 cells. The T. bellerica/ cisplatin or doxorubicin also showed synergistic effects in A549 and HepG2 cells. In some instances, the combinations resulted in antagonistic effects. The dose reduction level was different and specific to each combination and cell line. CONCLUSION: The growth inhibitory activity of doxorubicin or cisplatin, as a single agent, may be modified by combinations of P. emblica or T. bellerica extracts and be synergistically enhanced in some cases. Depending on the combination ratio, the doses for each drug for a given degree of effect in the combination may be reduced. The mechanisms involved in this interaction between chemotherapeutic drugs and plant extracts remain unclear and should be further evaluated.

Application of Coordinate-Momentum Intermediate Representation in Solving Eigenstate Problem of a Coupled Oscillator System

We study the eigenstate problem of a kind of coupled oscillators in the new quantum mechanical representation ｜q,μ,υ〉, which is defined as the eigenvector of the operator （μQ ＋ υP）, whereμ and υ are two real parameters. We also use the U operator transformation method to deal with the same problem. We obtain the normally ordered product expressions of U operator and eigenvector. It is shown that the ground state of system Hamiltonian is a squeezed state.

Theoretical Analysis and Calculation for Rotatory Optic Fiber

Using electromagnetic field theory of dielectric in a cylindrical coordinates system,the theoretical analysis and calculation for a rotatory optic fiber are presented in this paper.

Neutral Complex Extraction and Synergistic Extraction of Macrolide Antibiotics

Based on the theory of reactive extraction, new solvent systems were developed to replace butylacetate for extraction of macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, kitasamycin, spiramycin meleumycin etc.). A new neutral complex solvent extraction system, fatty alcohol-kerosene (marked by El), was used for extraction of erythromycin, one of the macrolide antibiotics. The extraction equilibrium equation is obtained, and the extraction distribution is as followsD = exp (-36.33×103/RT + 18.77)[B](o)1.1/(1 + 108.07-PH)The effects of several parameters on extraction equilibrium were investigated. Furthermore, a new synergistic extraction system (marked by E2) was developed, in which another solvent was used as synergistic agent to replace the diluent kerosene in the neutral complex extraction system. Based on these new extraction systems, an improved process for extraction of erythromycin was developed, showing remarkable advantages in technology and economics owing to its low solvent consumption of 3kg per billion unit compared with 9—10 for butylacetate. The recovery process of solvent from raffinate may be eliminated.

Cooperation effects of GA3, IAA and uniconazole-P on tension wood formation and gravitropism in Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings

The cooperation effects of GA3, IAA and uniconazole-P were studied on the gravitropism and wood formation in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var.japonica Maxim. Seedlings using traditional paraffin section technology. Our results are： （1） Gravitropism of stems was strongly inhibited only in B, whereas promoted significantly in D, E, F, H and I treatments; （2） Xylem formation was increased on both sides in H, I and J treatments and on the lower side in E and F which also show the synergistic effect; （3） On the radial direction, cell wall thickness was enhanced on the upper side, whereas decreased on the lower side in C, and was also significantly promoted on the upper in E, G, H, I and J treatments. On the tangential direction, cell wall thickness was increased on the lower side in E, H, I and J treatments respectively; （4） Gelatinous layer of wood fibers was observed on the upper side in all treatments. These results suggest that both GA3 and IAA affected negative gravitropism and wood formation significantly. However, appliedor unapplited-uniconazole-P does not affect G-layer formation, indicating GA does not play the key role on G-layer formation, and ratio of GA3/IAA or IAA may be more important in regulating G-layer formation.

Synergistic Action of Clonorchiasis,HBV Infection and Alcohol Consumption on Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE It has been recognized that HBV infection and alcohol consumption are two important risk factors for primary hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. Recently, the role of clonorchiasis as a risk factor for HCC is controversial. We aimed to investigate whether these factors increase the risk of HCC in Guangxi, China. METHODS A hospital-based, case-control study of HCC was conducted from July 2005 to July 2007. We enrolled 500 consecutive patients with HCC as an experimental group and 500 patients without tumor in liver as a control group. The risk factors that the patients were exposed to were assessed. RESULTS Comparing the risks of developing the HCC, we found out the following results. The risk of developing HCC for the patients with clonorchiasis was 5 folds of that for the patients without clonorchiasis （OR = 5.0; 95% CI： 3.1-8.1）, and the risk for the patients with alcohol consumption was 3 folds of that for the patients without drinking alcohol （OR = 3.4; 95% CI： 2.3-4.9）, and similarly, the risk for the patients with HBV infection was 21 times of that for the patients without HBV infection （OR = 20.6; 95% CI： 14.3-29.7）. According to crossover analysis, there was significant interaction among clonorchiasis, HBV infection and alcohol consumption, with synergistic indices greater than 1. The etiologic fractions attributed to these interactions [EF （A × B）] are 0.7465, 0.5789 and 0.5506, respectively. CONCLUSION Clonorchiasis, HBV infection and heavy alcohol consumption are independent risk factors for developing HCC in our population in Guangxi, and as they can interact synergistically, the risk of developing HCC is increased. Data from this study may indicate new prevention strategies of developing HCC in high-risk individuals.

Identification of key genes responsible for cytokine-induced erythroid and myeloid differentiation and switching of hematopoietic stem cells by RAGE

We utilized a unique culture system to analyze the expression patterns of gene, protein, and cell surface antigen, and the biological process of the related genes in erythroid and myeloid differentiation and switching of hematopoietic stem cells （HSCs） in response to cytokine alterations. Gene-specific fragments （266） identified from five populations of cytokine-stimulated HSCs were categorized into three groups： （1） expressed specifically in a single cell population; （2） expressed in two cell populations, and （3） expressed in three or more populations. Of 145 defined cDNAs, three （2%） were novel genes. Protein two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry analyses showed overlapped and distinguished protein expression profiles in the cell populations studied. Biological process mapping of mRNAs expressed in erythroid and myeloid lineages indicated that mRNAs shared by both lineages attended ＇core processes,＇ whereas genes specifically expressed in either lineage alone were related to specific processes or cellular maturation. Data from this study support the hypothesis that committed HSCs （El4 or G14） cells can still be redirected to develop into myeloid or erythroid cells when erythropoietin （EPO） is replaced with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor （G-CSF） under erythroid-cultured condition or G-CSF with EPO in myeloid-cultured environment, respectively. Our results suggest that genes or proteins co-expressed in erythroid and myeloid lineages may be essential for the lineage maintenance and switching in hematopoiesis.

The Driving Forces and Synergistic Effect between Regional Economic Growth,Resources and the Environment in the Yangtze River Economic Zone

From the viewpoints of population,resources,environment and economic-social development,we establish the models of accounting for resource and environmental costs and coordinated（or relative coordinated） development degrees between economic growth and resources and the environment using the evaluation method of ecosystem service value.Synergistic effects between regional economic growth and resources and the environment in the Yangtze River Economic Zone was analyzed and driving forces were analyzed by regression of partial least squares.We found that from 1983 to 2012,resource and environmental costs in the Yangtze River Economic Zone（including seven provinces and two municipalities） increased from 4736.55 trillion CNY to 15 359.45 trillion CNY and corresponding weights dropped from 31.1% to 19.7% compared to the national level.The degree of coordinated development rose from 0.295 to 1.506,higher than the national average.In the years 1983,1993 and 2003,the main factor that drove the coordinated development of regional economic growth,resources and the environment was low level resource and environmental costs.With continuous increases in primary and tertiary industrial added values after 2012,the advantage of the Yangtze River Economic Zone has weakened.In the future,provinces should improve the rules and regulations on planning and implementing main functional areas,promote adjustment of industrial structure,restore ecology,improve resource utilization efficiency and reduce environmental loss costs to enhance quality of economic development and promote the coordinated development of regional economic growth and resources and the environment.

Juvenile hormone membrane signaling phosphorylates USP and thus potentiates 20-hydroxyecdysone action in Drosophila

Juvenile hormone(JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone(20 E) coordinately regulate development and metamorphosis in insects. Two JH intracellular receptors, methoprene-tolerant(Met) and germ-cell expressed(Gce), have been identified in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. To investigate JH membrane signaling pathway without the interference from JH intracellular signaling, we characterized phosphoproteome profiles of the Met gce double mutant in the absence or presence of JH in both chronic and acute phases.Functioning through a potential receptor tyrosine kinase and phospholipase C pathway, JH membrane signaling activated protein kinase C(PKC) which phosphorylated ultraspiracle(USP) at Ser35, the PKC phosphorylation site required for the maximal action of 20 E through its nuclear receptor complex Ec RUSP. The usp;mutant, in which Ser was replaced with Ala at position 35 by genome editing, showed decreased expression of Halloween genes that are responsible for ecdysone biosynthesis and thus attenuated 20 E signaling that delayed developmental timing. The usp;mutant also showed lower Yorkie activity that reduced body size. Altogether, JH membrane signaling phosphorylates USP at Ser35 and thus potentiates 20 E action that regulates the normal fly development. This study helps better understand the complex JH signaling network.