蒙脱土与阻燃剂的协效作用

合成了有机改性蒙脱土(MMT),将PA6和PA66分别与改性MMT、阻燃剂共混制成纳米塑料,表征了其结构和性能,发现MMT/PA纳米塑料有抗熔滴等阻燃特点。发现改性MMT与阻燃剂之间有力学和阻燃协效作用,能同时提高塑料的力学和阻燃性能,这种协效作用有普遍性,本研究对其他纳米塑料体系的研究也有参考价值。

三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐协效氢氧化镁阻燃乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的性能研究

以EVA为基体树脂,硅烷偶联剂KH-550改性氢氧化镁(MH)为主阻燃剂,三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)为协效阻燃剂,添加相容剂MC328,制备了EVA复合材料,研究和对比了MCA、MC328含量对复合材料的力学性能、加工性能、燃烧、极限氧指数等性能的影响。结果表明:MCA的加入改善了体系力学性能及加工性能,提高了燃烧性能,但对氧指数有负面影响;而相容剂MC328的加入可以极大提高复合材料的力学性能及氧指数,但是降低了阻燃等级。

无卤含磷阻燃剂协效氢氧化镁阻燃乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的研究

采用新型阻燃剂9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)和双马来酰亚胺(BMI)反应,合成了一种无卤含磷阻燃剂(DB)。以乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)为基体树脂,KH550硅烷偶联剂改性氢氧化镁(MH)为主阻燃剂(KH550-MH),DB为协效阻燃剂,制备了EVA复合材料,研究了DB含量对复合材料的力学性能、加工性能、垂直燃烧性、吸水率的影响。结果表明:添加少量DB可提高EVA复合材料的阻燃性能和改善加工性能。

基于氧化石墨烯和碳纳米管的二元杂化物的阻燃性能研究

探讨了氧化石墨烯(GO)和碳纳米管(CNT)组成的二元杂化物在聚氨酯泡沫上的阻燃协效作用。利用层层自组装方法,将氧化石墨烯和碳纳米管构成的涂层构筑于软质聚氨酯泡沫的表面,然后通过宏观燃烧测试、锥形量热仪分析等手段对涂层改性的泡沫材料的阻燃性能进行分析。研究结果表明,相较于单一组分(CNT或GO),二元杂化物(CNT/GO)改性的聚氨酯泡沫材料显示出更低的热释放速率峰值和总的热释放量,并且其燃烧后残留的炭渣结构最为完整。因此,由GO与CNT组成的二元杂化物涂层具有更高的阻燃效果。

植酸及植酸盐在聚合物共混阻燃改性中的应用研究进展

高分子材料在国计民生各个领域应用广泛,但大多数此类材料具有易燃、助燃等安全隐患,对其进行阻燃改性的技术和应用需求尤为重要。近10年来,对于开发阻燃效果好、绿色环保且可持续性好的阻燃剂或者阻燃技术的需求日益明显。显而易见的是,以磷元素为有效成分的阻燃剂逐渐取代了卤系阻燃剂。植酸(PA)作为一种生物相容性良好、环保、低毒且易于获得的含磷天然化合物,具有明显的阻燃应用潜力,受到了研究人员的关注。在已有研究报道中,植酸在高分子材料领域的阻燃应用研究主要集中于聚合物本体的共混阻燃改性和织物或纺织品的阻燃整理2个方面,本文仅综述植酸及植酸盐在聚合物共混阻燃改性方面的应用进展,并指出存在的问题和建议。

Enhancement of lithium storage capacity and rate performance of Se-modified MnO/Mn3O4 hybrid anode material via pseudocapacitive behavior

To improve rate and cycling performance of manganese oxide anode material,a precipitation method was combined with thermal annealing to prepare the Mn O/Mn3O4/Se Ox(x=0,2)hybrid anode by controlling the reaction temperature of Mn2O3 and Se powders.At 3 A/g,the synthesized Mn O/Mn3O4/Se Ox anode delivers a discharge capacity of 1007 m A·h/g after 560 cycles.A cyclic voltammetry quantitative analysis reveals that 89.5%pseudocapacitive contribution is gained at a scanning rate of 2.0 m V/s,and the test results show that there is a significant synergistic effect between Mn O and Mn3O4 phases.

Synergistic effect of oxymatrine and angiogenesis inhibitor NM-3 on modulating apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells

AIM: To investigate the synergistic effect of oxymatrine(OM) and angiogenesis inhibitor NM-3 on modulatingapoptosis in human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901,MKN-45, MKN-74. METHODS: Human gastric cancer lines SGC-7901,MKN-45, MKN-74 were treated with OM in the absenceand presence of NM-3. The inhibitory rates weredetected by MTT assay. Synergistic effect of OM andNM-3 on the growth of survivin, bcl-2, bax and p53 inSGC-7901 cells were examined by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting, and their growth inhibitoryeffects were also observed on SGC-7901 tumor xenograftin nude mice.RESULTS: OM combined with NM-3 exhibited asynergistic inhibitory effect on the growth of SGC-7901,MKN-45 and MKN-74 cells in a time-dependent manner.Twenty-four hours after treatment with OM, NM-3 aloneand their combination, mRNA expression of survivin andbcl-2 in SGC-7901 cells decreased, p53 mRNA expressionincreased. OM (4 g/L) combined with NM-3 significantlyincreased the expression of p53 mRNA and decreasedthe expression of survivin and bcl-2 compared witheither agent alone (193% ± 34% vs 129% ± 12%;44% ± 18% vs 92% ± 18%; 36 ± 17% vs 93% ± 23%,P < 0.05). Western blotting showed that the synergisticeffect of OM and NM-3 on protein translation of survivin,bcl-2 and p 53 was in accordance with their mRNAs.Furthermore, OM/NM-3 combination obviously exhibitedantitumor growth effect in xenografted human gastriccancer cells SGC-7901 compared with either agent alone.CONCLUSION: OM combined with NM-3 has synergisticinhibitory effects on human gastric cancer cells in vitro and can suppress the growth of xenografted human gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 in vivo.

Joint effects of microwave and chromium trioxide on root tip cells of Vicia faba

The mutagemc effects of microwave and chromium trioxide （CrO3） on Vicia faba root tip were studied. Micronucleus assay and chromosomal aberration assay were used to determine the mitotic index, the micronucleus frequency and chromosomal aberration frequency of Vicia faba root tip cells induced by microwave and CrO3. The results showed that the micronucleus frequency decreased, and that the mitotic index and chromosomal aberration frequency showed linear dose responses to CrO3, in treatment of microwave for 5 s. In microwave of 25 s, the mitotic index decreased, the micronucleus frequency and chromosomal aberration frequency increased with increase of CrO3 concentration. We concluded that microwave and CrO3 had antagonistic effect on the mitotic index of Vicia faba root tip cells, but had synergetic effect on micronucleus frequency and chromosomal aberration frequency of Viciafaba root tip cells.

ZnO nanorod decorated by Au-Ag alloy with greatly increased activity for photocatalytic ethylene oxidation

In recent years, the preservation of fruits and vegetables in cold storage has become an issue of increasing concern, ethylene plays a leading role among them. We found ZnO has the effect of degrading gaseous ethylene, however its effect is not particularly satisfactory. Therefore, we used simple photo-deposition procedure and low-temperature calcination method to synthesize Au, Ag, and Au Ag alloy supported ZnO to improve the photocatalytic efficiency. Satisfactorily, after ZnO loaded with sole Au or Ag particles, the efficiency of ethylene degradation was 17.5 and 26.8 times than that of pure ZnO, showing a large increase in photocatalytic activity. However, the photocatalytic stability of Ag/ZnO was very poor, because Ag can be easily photooxidized to Ag2O. Surprisingly, when ZnO was successfully loaded with the Au Ag alloy, not only the photocatalytic activity was further improved to 94.8 times than that of pure ZnO, but also the photocatalytic stability was very good after 10 times of cycles. Characterization results explained that the Au-Ag alloy NPs modified ZnO showed great visible-light absorption because of the surface plasmon resonance(SPR) effect. Meanwhile, the higher photocurrent density showed the effective carrier separation ability in Au Ag/ZnO. Therefore, the cooperative action of plasmonic Au Ag bimetallic alloy NPs and efficient carrier separation capability result in the outstanding photoactivity of ethylene oxidation. At the same time, the formation of the alloy produced a new crystal structure different from Au and Ag, which overcomes the problem of poor stability of Ag/ZnO, and finally obtains Au Ag/ZnO photocatalyst with high activity and high stability. This work proposes a new concept of using metal alloys to remove ethylene in actual production.

Solar-heating boosted catalytic reduction of CO_(2） under full-solar spectrum

Catalytic converting CO2 into fuels with the help of solar energy is regarded as‘dream reaction’,as both energy crisis and environmental issue can be mitigated simultaneously.However,it is still suffering from low efficiency due to narrow solar-spectrum utilization and sluggish heterogeneous reaction kinetics.In this work,we demonstrate that catalytic reduction of CO2 can be achieved over Au nanoparticles(NPs)deposited rutile under full solar-spectrum irradiation,boosted by solar-heating effect.We found that UV and visible light can initiate the reaction,and the heat from IR light and local surface-plasmon resonance relaxation of Au NPs can boost the reaction kinetically.The apparent activation energy is determined experimentally and is used to explain the superior catalytic activity of Au/rutile to rutile in a kinetic way.We also find the photo-thermal synergy in the Au/rutile system.We envision that this work may facilitate understanding the kinetics of CO2 reduction and developing feasible catalytic systems with full solar spectrum utilization for practical artificial photosynthesis.

Tuning strategies and structure effects of electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction reaction

Carbon dioxide emissions have increased due to the consumption of fossil fuels,making the neutralization and utilization of CO_(2) a pressing issue.As a clean and efficient energy conversion process,electrocatalytic reduction can reduce carbon dioxide into a series of alcohols and acidic organic molecules,which can effectively realize the utilization and transformation of carbon dioxide.This review focuses on the tuning strategies and structure effects of catalysts for the electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).The tuning strategies for the active sites of catalysts have been reviewed from intrinsic and external perspectives.The structure effects for the CO_(2)RR catalysts have also been discussed,such as tandem catalysis,synergistic effects and confinement catalysis.We expect that this review about tuning strategies and structure effects can provide guidance for designing highly efficient CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts.

Cooperation effects of GA3, IAA and uniconazole-P on tension wood formation and gravitropism in Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings

The cooperation effects of GA3, IAA and uniconazole-P were studied on the gravitropism and wood formation in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var.japonica Maxim. Seedlings using traditional paraffin section technology. Our results are： （1） Gravitropism of stems was strongly inhibited only in B, whereas promoted significantly in D, E, F, H and I treatments; （2） Xylem formation was increased on both sides in H, I and J treatments and on the lower side in E and F which also show the synergistic effect; （3） On the radial direction, cell wall thickness was enhanced on the upper side, whereas decreased on the lower side in C, and was also significantly promoted on the upper in E, G, H, I and J treatments. On the tangential direction, cell wall thickness was increased on the lower side in E, H, I and J treatments respectively; （4） Gelatinous layer of wood fibers was observed on the upper side in all treatments. These results suggest that both GA3 and IAA affected negative gravitropism and wood formation significantly. However, appliedor unapplited-uniconazole-P does not affect G-layer formation, indicating GA does not play the key role on G-layer formation, and ratio of GA3/IAA or IAA may be more important in regulating G-layer formation.

Enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by the synergetic effect of NaYF_4:Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+) and g-C_3N_4

TiO2-NaYF4：Er^3＋/Yb^3＋-C3N4 composite photoanodes were successfully designed for the first time. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of TiO2-NaYF4：Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ C3N4 composite cell can result an efficiency of 7.37%, which is higher than those of pure TiO2 cell and TiO2-C3N4 composite cell. The enhancement of the efficiency can be attributed to the synergetic effect of NaYF4：Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ and C3N4. Elec- trochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed that the interfacial resistance of the TiO2-dyelI3^-/I^- electrolyte interface of TiO2-NaYF4：Er^3＋/Yb^3＋-C3N4 composites cell was much smaller than that of pure TiO2 cell. In addition, the TiO2-NaYF4：Er^3＋/Yb^3＋-C3N4 composite cell had longer electron recombination time and shorter electron transport time than that of pure TiO2 cell.