基于海啸单位源数据库的南中国海区域海啸数值预报方法

基于全球俯冲带板片模型Slab 2.0将马尼拉海沟划分为80个海啸单位源,构建了海啸单位源数据库,建立了基于单位源数据库方法预报海啸的业务化流程。经过与现有海啸数值模型计算结果的比对,单位源数据库预报的最大海啸波幅平均预报一致性可以达到88%,能够满足业务化需求。

利用单位源强浓度贡献确定排放限值

针对总量控制意义下的大气污染物排放限值计算中存在的不足 ,从常规的大气扩散模式出发 ,利用大气污染物浓度与源强成正比这一基本关系 ,推导定义单位源强浓度贡献、相对环境容量及相对环境余量 ,进而利用控制理论基本原理 ,推导出一种新的削减控制量计算方法 ;该方法可在没有足够多监测点情况下 ,较准确合理地确定各污染源允许排放量 ,制定总量控制方案 .通过湖北某地一新建水泥厂削减控制方案的计算实例 ,说明该方法简便、合理、实用 .

基于源库生长单位的温室番茄干物质生产-分配模拟

为了量化研究温室番茄果穗间干物质的分配,提高温室番茄栽培的效益,采用源库生长单位的测定方法,将经典的单叶同化物生产模型与GreenLab模型相结合,构建了干物质向源库生长单位内茎节、叶片、果实分配的动态模型,利用越冬茬、早春茬和春夏茬温室番茄各器官的干物质测定数据对模型进行了验证。结果表明:所构建的模型模拟结果与实测结果吻合性较好,不同茬口同化物生产模拟值与实测值的回归方程斜率为0.93,R2为0.92;源库生长单位内茎节、叶片、果实以及根系的模拟值与实测值间回归方程斜率在0.85～0.89之间,其相对误差(Re)均值分别为5.3%、5.6%、8.1%和3.6%,说明模型的模拟准确度较高,可为不同茬口温室番茄栽培管理提供理论依据和决策支持。

苹果套袋微环境对不同源库单位SOD活性的影响

本试验以长富2号苹果为材料,通过环割建立不同的源库单位,并且对果实进行套袋处理,研究苹果套袋的微环境对不同源库单位下的果实和叶片SOD活性的影响。结果表明,套袋苹果的SOD活性明显低于不套袋苹果的,而不同源库单位对果实和叶片中的SOD活性影响不大。

对加强放射源管理的几点思考

随着我国经济的高速发展,核技术应用、伴生矿资源开发利用等已扩展到各个领域,应用单位和数量与日俱增,给社会、环境带来潜在的安全隐患,加强放射源管理显得尤为重要。文章围绕放射源管理中存在的问题,采取的措施,提出了加强放射源管理的建议。

煤炭企业放射源安全制度化管理的探索与应用

通过介绍目前我国煤炭企业放射源使用的基本情况,提出了加强煤矿放射源安全管理对策,以确保放射源的安全使用。

浅谈如何在放射源安全管理中践行核安全文化

通过分析在放射源应用领域建设和弘扬核安全文化的重要性,重点对监管部门、涉源单位(放射源应用单位)及从业人员在日常工作中如何践行核安全文化进行了探讨。

不同茬口日光温室番茄干物质生产与分配

以番茄的果穗和果穗下的3片叶及其相应的茎作为一个源库生长单位,对不同茬口日光温室番茄的干物质生产与分配规律进行了研究。结果表明:植株在前7穗果同时存在的情况下,从下到上不同源库生长单位内果实所分配到的比例在42.6%～98.6%之间,即随着果穗数从下而上的不断增加,每产生一穗果实,各源库生长单位果实的干物质分配率下降约6%。不同茬口日光温室番茄受外界环境影响显著,干物质生产表现出明显的季节性差异,果实干物质分配率在越冬茬、早春茬和春夏茬分别为72%、62%和59%,春夏茬果实干物质分配率最低,这与其生长后期遭遇高温,坐果率降低有关;越冬茬生长前期100d的干物质积累量只有后100d的1/3,与其生长期内低温弱光有关。

互易性一端口网络等效阻抗的灵敏度分析

本文研究了互易性一端口网络等效阻抗对元件参数的灵敏度分析。利用互易二端口的T形等效电路,建立了等效阻抗对电阻、电感和电容的灵敏度公式。只需计算在单位电流源相量激励下的元件电流或电压,再计算这些相量的平方或乘积,便可得到严格的灵敏度。由此也为相量的平方,以及电压相量与电流相量之积找到了理论价值。

一种用于前台校准的8位高线性度DAC

设计了一种用于12位折叠插值ADC前台校准的高线性度DAC。该DAC包括电流源、开关电路、译码电路和电流-电压转换器。电流-电压转换器采用带共模反馈和增益提高技术的运放,具有高的共模抑制比和高的输出线性度。电流源的版图设计中考虑了电流源匹配特性,提出了"V"型布局方案,有效抑制其梯度误差和对称误差,提高了DAC转换线性度。在TSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺下对DAC进行仿真。结果表明,当输入信号频率为4.101 5 MHz、采样频率为25MHz时,DAC的有效位数达到7.97位。

14位200MSPS三段式电流舵D／A转换器的设计

为满足现代通信系统和混合信号领域的要求,本文设计了一款14位、200MSPS的D/A转换器。通过对线性度、动态性能、功耗和面积的折中考虑并对二进制加权电流源与单位电流源的优化组合,设计采用了三段式电流舵结构。文中重点讨论了关键电路的设计,并基于SMIC 0.35μm Mixed Signal 2P3M工艺模型对电路进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明D/A转换器的非线性误差和无杂散动态范围都达到了设计指标的要求。

基于PSCAD/EMTDC的高压直流回路谐振研究

直流输电工程在系统研究和集成设计时需要分析直流回路的谐振特性。为此,提出了一种使用单位冲击电压源的高压直流输电直流回路谐振计算分析方法,建立的直流回路阻抗等效模型综合考虑了交流系统、换流器、平波电抗器、直流滤波器(DCF)、输电线路等关键因素,形成一套的基于PSCAD/EMTDC的高压直流回路谐振分析流程,利用此流程对溪洛渡右岸送电广东±500 k V同塔双回直流输电工程进行直流回路谐振分析,结果表明:溪洛渡直流输电系统不存在危及系统安全运行的谐振风险。

Study on fast calibration of a ULA's gain and phase error

Array calibration is important in engineering practice. In this paper, fast calibration methods for a ULA's gain and phase errors both in far and near fields are proposed. In the far field, using a single sound source without exact orientation, this method horizontally rotates the array exactly once, performs eigen value decomposition for the covariance matrix of received data, then computes the gain and phase error according to the formulas. In the near field, using the same single sound source, it is necessary to rotate the array horizontally at most three times, build equations according to geometric relations, then solve them. Using the formula proposed in this paper, spherical waves are modified into plane waves. Then eigen values decomposition is performed. These two calibration methods were shown to be valid by simulation and are fast, accurate and easy to use. Finally, an analysis of factors influencing estimation precision is given.

Parallel Operation Characteristics Analysis of Sewage Source Heat Pump Units in Winter

Sewage source heat pump unit operates under partial load most of the time, and study on the law of coefficient of performance (COP) of the unit varying with load ratio can provide basis for the heat pump units running in high efficiency. A mathematical model determining COP, evaporation temperature and condensation temperature of a single unit was proposed. Under the condition of uniform load distribution, the model was established according to different ways of bearing partial load with the same type multi...

Coordination of Urbanization and Water Ecological Environment in Shayinghe River Basin,China

During the rapid industrialization and urbanization of China,urban agglomeration in river basin areas raises the problems of over-use of water resources and pollution of the water environment.Related research in China has mainly focused on the conflicts among economic growth,urban expansion and water resource shortages within admin-istrative boundaries.However,water environments are much more dependent on their physical boundaries than their administrative boundaries.Consistent with the nature of water environment,this study aims at analyzing coordination relationships between urban development and water environment changes within physical river basin boundaries.We chose the Shayinghe River Basin,China,as our case study area which is facing serious challenges related to water en-vironment protection.Then we classified 35 county-level administrative units into upstream,midstream and down-stream regions based on their physical characteristics;analyzed the coordination degree of urban agglomeration using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method;and constructed cooperative models using the Linear Programming (LP function) to simulate four scenarios of the coordination relationship be-tween urban population increase and water environment protection based on existing water resources and water pollu-tion data.The results show that the present coordinative situation in Shayinghe River Basin is not sustainable.In gen-eral,more than 50% administrative units are in the bad coordinative situation.In particular,the downstream region is under worse condition than the upstream and midstream regions.Cooperative models in scenario analyses indicate that the population scale set in existing urban master plannings is not coordinated with the water environment protection.To reach the goal of regional sustainable development,the total population needs to be controlled such that it will re-main at 4.5×10 7 or below by 2020 given the capacity of water environment.

Consideration of Shape Characteristics for Apartments Incorporating Daylight and Energy Performance

The objective of this paper is to design units with well-lighted environment and low-energy consumption in the apartment building. Their daylight and energy performance can be determined by the building shape and orientation. The paper initially produced the results of illuminations and energy efficiency using the daylight and thermal simulations by Autodesk ＂ECOTECT＂. It then provided the comparison on simulation results of two type buildings： Flat-type and L-type apartment. The available options for the design incorporating the environmental performance have less flexibility in fiat-type apartments than in L-type ones. The best unit in the fiat apartment is fixed from -45 to 45 degrees rotation, however, that in the L-type one can change depending on rotating the building. Moreover, if the upper level units had the appropriate environment, the lower level could have larger window areas in order to meet those daylight performance needs. Results show that the facade design should have the different window areas depending on the location of each unit. It can assist in the comfort and low-energy consumption design by using simulation tools that achieve the more predictable understandings.

Unit Commitment with Production Cost Uncertainty： A Recourse Programming Method

Many studies have considered the solution of Unit Commitment problems for the management of energy networks. In this field, earlier work addressed the problem in determinist cases and in cases dealing with demand uncertainties. In this paper, the authors develop a method to deal with uncertainties related to the cost function. Indeed, such uncertainties often occur in energy networks （waste incinerator with a priori unknown waste amounts, cogeneration plant with uncertainty of the sold electricity price...）. The corresponding optimization problems are large scale stochastic non-linear mixed integer problems. The developed solution method is a recourse based programming one. The main idea is to consider that amounts of energy to produce can be slightly adapted in real time, whereas the on/off statuses of units have to be decided very early in the management procedure. Results show that the proposed approach remains compatible with existing Unit Commitment programming methods and presents an obvious interest with reasonable computing loads.

Model of Optimal Forest Management Unit Area for a Sustainable Forest Resource Administration

Deforestation is one of the most crucial problems in Indonesia. It creates a number of environmental problems, e.g., landslides, loss of biological diversity, and decrease of carbon sequestration which are impacting human lives, There are a number of underlying causes, often stemmed from the emphasis on a particular forest management objective. Despite numerous forest policies and regulations established by the government, deforestation continues to happen. Quite often, the policies and regulations remain ＂paper tiger＂, which means ineffectual on the ground. One of the contributing factors to deforestation is the lack of custodian for the management of the forests. The regulation, such as law No. 41/1999, stipulates that all state forests must be managed under a FMI3 （forest management unit） as the custodians. The objective of this research is to develop an optimal model for FMU. Using the LGP （linear goal programming）, this research attempts to develop an optimum model for conservation areas. It assumes that the existing zoning approach implemented by the government in conservation areas is inappropriate. The optimum zoning model is expected to improve forest management and restore the forest function as a life supporting system and biological diversity conservation.