目的观察早产表单化管理对早产高危因素孕妇的影响,为临床早产的诊治和管理提供更有效的方法。方法选取2022年11月—2023年10月在慈溪市妇幼保健院初次产前检查时筛选出的具有早产高危因素的孕妇60例作为观察组,另选取既往未开展早产表...目的观察早产表单化管理对早产高危因素孕妇的影响,为临床早产的诊治和管理提供更有效的方法。方法选取2022年11月—2023年10月在慈溪市妇幼保健院初次产前检查时筛选出的具有早产高危因素的孕妇60例作为观察组,另选取既往未开展早产表单化管理的具有早产高危因素的孕妇60例为对照组。对照组实施常规孕期管理,观察组实施早产表单化管理,比较两组妊娠结局(出生孕周、出生体质量、1 min Apgar评分、产后出血)、剖宫产率、新生儿并发症(呼吸窘迫综合征、败血症、贫血、视网膜病)及生存率、新生儿危重程度、早产管理效果。结果观察组出生孕周为(35.58±2.19)周,出生体质量为(2475.69±357.41)g,1 min Apgar评分为(7.24±1.53)分。对照组出生孕周为(32.87±1.40)周,出生体质量为(2163.48±306.29)g,1 min Apgar评分为(5.03±1.12)分。观察组出生孕周大于对照组,出生体质量和1 min Apgar评分均高于对照组(t=8.08,5.14,9.03,均P<0.05)。观察组产后出血发生率为5.00%,剖宫产率为23.33%,均低于对照组的产后出血发生率和剖宫产率(18.33%、45.00%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2=5.18,6.26,均P<0.05)。观察组新生儿并发症发生率(8.33%)低于对照组(23.33%),生存率(98.33%)高于对照组(85.00%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组低危率(53.33%)高于对照组(21.67%),中危率(40.00%)和高危率(6.67%)均低于对照组(58.33%、20.00%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组早产管理效果优良率(100.00%)高于对照组(72.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.14,P<0.05)。结论早产表单化管理可以改善早产高危因素孕妇的母婴临床结局,降低新生儿并发症发生率及死亡率,同时能减轻新生儿危重程度,提高早产管理效果。展开更多
产后出血一直是世界范围内孕产妇死亡的主要原因。根据2014年世界卫生组织(Word Health Organisation,WHO)的调查,发达国家和发展中国家因产后出血导致孕产妇死亡的发生率分别为16%和27%[1],2015年全球孕产妇死亡人数为275000例,其中>...产后出血一直是世界范围内孕产妇死亡的主要原因。根据2014年世界卫生组织(Word Health Organisation,WHO)的调查,发达国家和发展中国家因产后出血导致孕产妇死亡的发生率分别为16%和27%[1],2015年全球孕产妇死亡人数为275000例,其中>1/3为产后出血所致[2]。展开更多
Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction to produce value-added chemicals and fuels is one of the research hotspots in the field of energy conversion.The development of efficient catalysts with high conductivity and readily a...Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction to produce value-added chemicals and fuels is one of the research hotspots in the field of energy conversion.The development of efficient catalysts with high conductivity and readily accessible active sites for CO_(2) electroreduction remains challenging yet indispensable.In this work,a reliable poly(ethyleneimine)(PEI)-assisted strategy is developed to prepare a hollow carbon nanocomposite comprising a single-site Ni-modified carbon shell and confined Ni nanoparticles(NPs)(denoted as Ni@NHCS),where PEI not only functions as a mediator to induce the highly dispersed growth of Ni NPs within hollow carbon spheres,but also as a nitrogen precursor to construct highly active atomically-dispersed Ni-Nx sites.Benefiting from the unique structural properties of Ni@NHCS,the aggregation and exposure of Ni NPs can be effectively prevented,while the accessibility of abundant catalytically active Ni-Nx sites can be ensured.As a result,Ni@NHCS exhibits a high CO partial current density of 26.9 mA cm^(-2) and a Faradaic efficiency of 93.0% at-1.0 V vs.RHE,outperforming those of its PEI-free analog.Apart from the excellent activity and selectivity,the shell confinement effect of the hollow carbon sphere endows this catalyst with long-term stability.The findings here are anticipated to help understand the structure-activity relationship in Ni-based carbon catalyst systems for electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.Furthermore,the PEI-assisted synthetic concept is potentially applicable to the preparation of high-performance metal-based nanoconfined materials tailored for diverse energy conversion applications and beyond.展开更多
Developing Cu single-atom catalysts(SACs)with well-defined active sites is highly desirable for producing CH4 in the electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction and understanding the structure-property relationship.Here...Developing Cu single-atom catalysts(SACs)with well-defined active sites is highly desirable for producing CH4 in the electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction and understanding the structure-property relationship.Herein,a new graphdiyne analogue with uniformly distributed N_(2)-bidentate(note that N_(2)-bidentate site=N^N-bidentate site;N_(2)≠dinitrogen gas in this work)sites are synthesized.Due to the strong interaction between Cu and the N_(2)-bidentate site,a Cu SAC with isolated undercoordinated Cu-N_(2) sites(Cu1.0/N_(2)-GDY)is obtained,with the Cu loading of 1.0 wt%.Cu1.0/N_(2)-GDY exhibits the highest Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 80.6% for CH_(4) in electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2) at-0.96 V vs.RHE,and the partial current density of CH_(4) is 160 mA cm^(-2).The selectivity for CH_(4) is maintained above 70% when the total current density is 100 to 300 mA cm^(-2).More remarkably,the Cu1.0/N_(2)-GDY achieves a mass activity of 53.2 A/mgCu toward CH4 under-1.18 V vs.RHE.In situ electrochemical spectroscopic studies reveal that undercoordinated Cu-N_(2) sites are more favorable in generating key ^(*)COOH and ^(*)CHO intermediate than Cu nanoparticle counterparts.This work provides an effective pathway to produce SACs with undercoordinated Metal-N_(2) sites toward efficient electrocatalysis.展开更多
文摘目的观察早产表单化管理对早产高危因素孕妇的影响,为临床早产的诊治和管理提供更有效的方法。方法选取2022年11月—2023年10月在慈溪市妇幼保健院初次产前检查时筛选出的具有早产高危因素的孕妇60例作为观察组,另选取既往未开展早产表单化管理的具有早产高危因素的孕妇60例为对照组。对照组实施常规孕期管理,观察组实施早产表单化管理,比较两组妊娠结局(出生孕周、出生体质量、1 min Apgar评分、产后出血)、剖宫产率、新生儿并发症(呼吸窘迫综合征、败血症、贫血、视网膜病)及生存率、新生儿危重程度、早产管理效果。结果观察组出生孕周为(35.58±2.19)周,出生体质量为(2475.69±357.41)g,1 min Apgar评分为(7.24±1.53)分。对照组出生孕周为(32.87±1.40)周,出生体质量为(2163.48±306.29)g,1 min Apgar评分为(5.03±1.12)分。观察组出生孕周大于对照组,出生体质量和1 min Apgar评分均高于对照组(t=8.08,5.14,9.03,均P<0.05)。观察组产后出血发生率为5.00%,剖宫产率为23.33%,均低于对照组的产后出血发生率和剖宫产率(18.33%、45.00%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2=5.18,6.26,均P<0.05)。观察组新生儿并发症发生率(8.33%)低于对照组(23.33%),生存率(98.33%)高于对照组(85.00%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组低危率(53.33%)高于对照组(21.67%),中危率(40.00%)和高危率(6.67%)均低于对照组(58.33%、20.00%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组早产管理效果优良率(100.00%)高于对照组(72.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.14,P<0.05)。结论早产表单化管理可以改善早产高危因素孕妇的母婴临床结局,降低新生儿并发症发生率及死亡率,同时能减轻新生儿危重程度,提高早产管理效果。
文摘产后出血一直是世界范围内孕产妇死亡的主要原因。根据2014年世界卫生组织(Word Health Organisation,WHO)的调查,发达国家和发展中国家因产后出血导致孕产妇死亡的发生率分别为16%和27%[1],2015年全球孕产妇死亡人数为275000例,其中>1/3为产后出血所致[2]。
文摘Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction to produce value-added chemicals and fuels is one of the research hotspots in the field of energy conversion.The development of efficient catalysts with high conductivity and readily accessible active sites for CO_(2) electroreduction remains challenging yet indispensable.In this work,a reliable poly(ethyleneimine)(PEI)-assisted strategy is developed to prepare a hollow carbon nanocomposite comprising a single-site Ni-modified carbon shell and confined Ni nanoparticles(NPs)(denoted as Ni@NHCS),where PEI not only functions as a mediator to induce the highly dispersed growth of Ni NPs within hollow carbon spheres,but also as a nitrogen precursor to construct highly active atomically-dispersed Ni-Nx sites.Benefiting from the unique structural properties of Ni@NHCS,the aggregation and exposure of Ni NPs can be effectively prevented,while the accessibility of abundant catalytically active Ni-Nx sites can be ensured.As a result,Ni@NHCS exhibits a high CO partial current density of 26.9 mA cm^(-2) and a Faradaic efficiency of 93.0% at-1.0 V vs.RHE,outperforming those of its PEI-free analog.Apart from the excellent activity and selectivity,the shell confinement effect of the hollow carbon sphere endows this catalyst with long-term stability.The findings here are anticipated to help understand the structure-activity relationship in Ni-based carbon catalyst systems for electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.Furthermore,the PEI-assisted synthetic concept is potentially applicable to the preparation of high-performance metal-based nanoconfined materials tailored for diverse energy conversion applications and beyond.
文摘Developing Cu single-atom catalysts(SACs)with well-defined active sites is highly desirable for producing CH4 in the electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction and understanding the structure-property relationship.Herein,a new graphdiyne analogue with uniformly distributed N_(2)-bidentate(note that N_(2)-bidentate site=N^N-bidentate site;N_(2)≠dinitrogen gas in this work)sites are synthesized.Due to the strong interaction between Cu and the N_(2)-bidentate site,a Cu SAC with isolated undercoordinated Cu-N_(2) sites(Cu1.0/N_(2)-GDY)is obtained,with the Cu loading of 1.0 wt%.Cu1.0/N_(2)-GDY exhibits the highest Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 80.6% for CH_(4) in electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2) at-0.96 V vs.RHE,and the partial current density of CH_(4) is 160 mA cm^(-2).The selectivity for CH_(4) is maintained above 70% when the total current density is 100 to 300 mA cm^(-2).More remarkably,the Cu1.0/N_(2)-GDY achieves a mass activity of 53.2 A/mgCu toward CH4 under-1.18 V vs.RHE.In situ electrochemical spectroscopic studies reveal that undercoordinated Cu-N_(2) sites are more favorable in generating key ^(*)COOH and ^(*)CHO intermediate than Cu nanoparticle counterparts.This work provides an effective pathway to produce SACs with undercoordinated Metal-N_(2) sites toward efficient electrocatalysis.
