The combined effects of vertical overturning circulation(VOC) zonal length scale and moist static energy(MSE)tendency zonal asymmetry on MJO phase speed were investigated based on diagnosis of ERA-Interim data over a ...The combined effects of vertical overturning circulation(VOC) zonal length scale and moist static energy(MSE)tendency zonal asymmetry on MJO phase speed were investigated based on diagnosis of ERA-Interim data over a 40-year period(1979-2019).In a key region(80°-100°E),128 MJO events were selected.It was found that the larger the VOC zonal length scale,the faster the MJO eastward propagation.The correlation coefficient between them was 0.52,exceeding the 99% confidence level.A significant positive correlation(0.59) was also identified between the phase speed and MSE tendency zonal asymmetry.A linear regression model based on the aforementioned two parameters was constructed,and the phase speed could be estimated based on the model.The correlation coefficient between the reconstructed phase speed and its observed counterpart was 0.73,exceeding the 99% confidence level with an F-test.A composite analysis of the fast and slow groups indicated that the VOC zonal length scale was modulated by the background state.An El Nino(La Ni?a)-like SST pattern and associated precipitation anomalies promoted a larger(smaller) VOC zonal length scale and thus a faster(slower)propagation speed.A sensitivity test with a reference point in a different longitudinal zone(120°-140°E) was conducted.Again,there were significant relationships between the MJO phase speed and the two parameters.The correlation between the reconstructed and observed phase speed was 0.67,exceeding the 99% confidence level.展开更多
This thesis offers the general concept of coefficient of partial correlation.Starting with regres-sion analysis,the paper,by using samples,infers the general formula of expressing coefficient of partial correlation by...This thesis offers the general concept of coefficient of partial correlation.Starting with regres-sion analysis,the paper,by using samples,infers the general formula of expressing coefficient of partial correlation by way of simple correlation coefficient.展开更多
Often many variables have to be analyzed for their importance in terms of significant contribution and predictability in medical research. One of the possible analytical tools may be the Multiple Linear Regression Ana...Often many variables have to be analyzed for their importance in terms of significant contribution and predictability in medical research. One of the possible analytical tools may be the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. However, research papers usually report both univariate and multivariate regression analyses of the data. The biostatistician sometimes faces practical difficulties while selecting the independent variables for logical inclusion in the multivariate analysis. The selection criteria for inclusion of a variable in the multivariate regression is that the variable at the univariate level should have a regression coefficient with p 〈 0.20. However, there is a chance that an independent variable with p 〉 0.20 at univariate regression may become significant in the multivariate regression analysis and vice versa, provided the above criteria is not strictly adhered to. We undertook both univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses on data from two multi-centric clinical trials. We recommend that there is no need to restrict the p value of 〈= 0.20. Because of high speed computer and availability of statistical software, the desired results could be achieved by considering all relevant independent variables in multivariate regression analysis.展开更多
To meet the rising demand of graphene in electronics and optoelectronics, developing an efficient synthesis strategy for effective control of the layer thickness is highly necessary. Herein, we report the synthesis of...To meet the rising demand of graphene in electronics and optoelectronics, developing an efficient synthesis strategy for effective control of the layer thickness is highly necessary. Herein, we report the synthesis of strictly single- layer graphene on the foil of an early transition metal, tungsten （W）, via a simple chemical vapor deposition route. The cracking of hydrocarbons is facilitated by the catalytically active metal surface of W, while the subsequent two-dimensional growth is mediated by the carbide-forming ability within the underlying bulk, leading to the formation of uniform monolayer graphene. The as-grown graphene layers can be transferred onto target substrates rapidly through the recently developed electrochemical method, which also allows for reuse of the substrates at least five times without introducing quality deteriora- tion. Moreover, considering the refractory nature of W foils, a complementary component of nickel is added, by means of which the growth temperature of graphene can be significantly reduced. In brief, a highly-efficient and low-cost synthesis route has been developed for the growth of graphene towards large-area uniformity, single-layer thickness and high crystalline quality.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China [grant number 42088101]NOAA [grant number NA18OAR4310298]+2 种基金the National Science Foundation (United States)[grant number AGS-2006553]the Educational Commission of Anhui Province of China [grant numbers KJ2021A1079 and KJ2021A1078]the Science and technology project of Chuzhou City of China [grant number 2021ZD007]。
文摘The combined effects of vertical overturning circulation(VOC) zonal length scale and moist static energy(MSE)tendency zonal asymmetry on MJO phase speed were investigated based on diagnosis of ERA-Interim data over a 40-year period(1979-2019).In a key region(80°-100°E),128 MJO events were selected.It was found that the larger the VOC zonal length scale,the faster the MJO eastward propagation.The correlation coefficient between them was 0.52,exceeding the 99% confidence level.A significant positive correlation(0.59) was also identified between the phase speed and MSE tendency zonal asymmetry.A linear regression model based on the aforementioned two parameters was constructed,and the phase speed could be estimated based on the model.The correlation coefficient between the reconstructed phase speed and its observed counterpart was 0.73,exceeding the 99% confidence level with an F-test.A composite analysis of the fast and slow groups indicated that the VOC zonal length scale was modulated by the background state.An El Nino(La Ni?a)-like SST pattern and associated precipitation anomalies promoted a larger(smaller) VOC zonal length scale and thus a faster(slower)propagation speed.A sensitivity test with a reference point in a different longitudinal zone(120°-140°E) was conducted.Again,there were significant relationships between the MJO phase speed and the two parameters.The correlation between the reconstructed and observed phase speed was 0.67,exceeding the 99% confidence level.
文摘This thesis offers the general concept of coefficient of partial correlation.Starting with regres-sion analysis,the paper,by using samples,infers the general formula of expressing coefficient of partial correlation by way of simple correlation coefficient.
文摘Often many variables have to be analyzed for their importance in terms of significant contribution and predictability in medical research. One of the possible analytical tools may be the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. However, research papers usually report both univariate and multivariate regression analyses of the data. The biostatistician sometimes faces practical difficulties while selecting the independent variables for logical inclusion in the multivariate analysis. The selection criteria for inclusion of a variable in the multivariate regression is that the variable at the univariate level should have a regression coefficient with p 〈 0.20. However, there is a chance that an independent variable with p 〉 0.20 at univariate regression may become significant in the multivariate regression analysis and vice versa, provided the above criteria is not strictly adhered to. We undertook both univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses on data from two multi-centric clinical trials. We recommend that there is no need to restrict the p value of 〈= 0.20. Because of high speed computer and availability of statistical software, the desired results could be achieved by considering all relevant independent variables in multivariate regression analysis.
文摘To meet the rising demand of graphene in electronics and optoelectronics, developing an efficient synthesis strategy for effective control of the layer thickness is highly necessary. Herein, we report the synthesis of strictly single- layer graphene on the foil of an early transition metal, tungsten （W）, via a simple chemical vapor deposition route. The cracking of hydrocarbons is facilitated by the catalytically active metal surface of W, while the subsequent two-dimensional growth is mediated by the carbide-forming ability within the underlying bulk, leading to the formation of uniform monolayer graphene. The as-grown graphene layers can be transferred onto target substrates rapidly through the recently developed electrochemical method, which also allows for reuse of the substrates at least five times without introducing quality deteriora- tion. Moreover, considering the refractory nature of W foils, a complementary component of nickel is added, by means of which the growth temperature of graphene can be significantly reduced. In brief, a highly-efficient and low-cost synthesis route has been developed for the growth of graphene towards large-area uniformity, single-layer thickness and high crystalline quality.
