By introducing XOR operation and one-way function chains to group key management schemes based on the keys tree, a new group key management scheme based on the keys tree, XOR operation and one-way function chains is p...By introducing XOR operation and one-way function chains to group key management schemes based on the keys tree, a new group key management scheme based on the keys tree, XOR operation and one-way function chains is proposed. Initialization, member adding and member evicting operations are introduced. The new scheme is compared with three other group key management schemes which are based on the keys tree： SKDC, LKH, and OFF. As far as transmission, computation and storage costs are concerned, the performance of the new group key management scheme is the best. The security problem of the new scheme is analyzed. This new scheme provides backward and forward security, i.e.. newly admitted group members cannot read previous multicast messages and evicted members cannot read future multicast messages, even with collusion by many arbitrarily evicted members.展开更多
A new authentication scheme based on a one-way hash function and Diffie-Hellman key exchange using smart card was propused by Yoon et al. in 2005. They claimed that the proposed protocol is against password guessing a...A new authentication scheme based on a one-way hash function and Diffie-Hellman key exchange using smart card was propused by Yoon et al. in 2005. They claimed that the proposed protocol is against password guessing attack. In this paper, the author demonstrate that Yoon＇s scheme is vulnerable to the off-line password guessing attack by using a stolen smart card and the DoS attack by computational load at the re, note system. An improvement of Yoon＇s scheme to resist the above attacks is also proposed.展开更多
In data post-processing for quantum key distribution, it is essential to have a highly efficient error reconciliation protocol. Based on the key redistribution scheme, we analyze a one-way error reconciliation protoco...In data post-processing for quantum key distribution, it is essential to have a highly efficient error reconciliation protocol. Based on the key redistribution scheme, we analyze a one-way error reconciliation protocol by data simulation. The relationship between the error correction capability and the key generation efficiency of three kinds of Hamming code are demonstrated. The simulation results indicate that when the initial error rates are （0,1.5%], （1.5,4%], and （4,11%], using the Hamming （31,26）, （15,11）, and （7,4） codes to correct the error, respectively, the key generation rate will be maximized. Based on this, we propose a modified one-way error reconciliation protocol which employs a mixed Hamming code concatenation scheme. The error correction capability and key generation rate are verified through data simulation. Using the parameters of the posterior distribution based on the tested data, a simple method for estimating the bit error rate （BER） with a given confidence interval is estimated. The simulation results show that when the initial bit error rate is 10.00%, after 7 rounds of error correction, the error bits are eliminated completely, and the key generation rate is 10.36%; the BER expectation is 2.96×10^-10, and when the confidence is 95% the corresponding BER upper limit is 2.17×10^-9. By comparison, for the single （7,4） Hamming code error reconciliation scheme at a confidence of 95%,the key generation rate is only 6.09%, while the BER expectation is 5.92x 10＂9, with a BER upper limit of 4.34×10^-8. Hence, our improved protocol is much better than the original one.展开更多
The hardness of tensor decomposition problem has many achievements, but limited applications in cryptography, and the tensor decomposition problem has been considered to have the potential to resist quantum computing....The hardness of tensor decomposition problem has many achievements, but limited applications in cryptography, and the tensor decomposition problem has been considered to have the potential to resist quantum computing. In this paper, we firstly proposed a new variant of tensor decomposition problem, then two one-way functions are proposed based on the hard problem. Secondly we propose a key exchange protocol based on the one-way functions, then the security analysis, efficiency, recommended parameters and etc. are also given. The analyses show that our scheme has the following characteristics: easy to implement in software and hardware, security can be reduced to hard problems, and it has the potential to resist quantum computing.Besides the new key exchange can be as an alternative comparing with other classical key protocols.展开更多
Quantum secure direct communication is the direct communication of secret messages without need for establishing a shared secret key first.In the existing schemes,quantum secure direct communication is possible only w...Quantum secure direct communication is the direct communication of secret messages without need for establishing a shared secret key first.In the existing schemes,quantum secure direct communication is possible only when both parties are quantum.In this paper,we construct a three-step semiquantum secure direct communication(SQSDC)protocol based on single photon sources in which the sender Alice is classical.In a semiquantum protocol,a person is termed classical if he(she)can measure,prepare and send quantum states only with the fixed orthogonal quantum basis{|0,|1}.The security of the proposed SQSDC protocol is guaranteed by the complete robustness of semiquantum key distribution protocols and the unconditional security of classical one-time pad encryption.Therefore,the proposed SQSDC protocol is also completely robust.Complete robustness indicates that nonzero information acquired by an eavesdropper Eve on the secret message implies the nonzero probability that the legitimate participants can find errors on the bits tested by this protocol.In the proposed protocol,we suggest a method to check Eves disturbing in the doves returning phase such that Alice does not need to announce publicly any position or their coded bits value after the photons transmission is completed.Moreover,the proposed SQSDC protocol can be implemented with the existing techniques.Compared with many quantum secure direct communication protocols,the proposed SQSDC protocol has two merits:firstly the sender only needs classical capabilities;secondly to check Eves disturbing after the transmission of quantum states,no additional classical information is needed.展开更多
A single-photon detector is an extremely sensitive device capable of registering photons,offering essential technical support for optics quantum information applications.We review herein our recent experimental progre...A single-photon detector is an extremely sensitive device capable of registering photons,offering essential technical support for optics quantum information applications.We review herein our recent experimental progress in the development and application of single-photon detection techniques.Techniques based on advanced self-differencing,low-pass filtering,frequency up-conversion and photon-number-resolving are introduced for attaining high-speed,high-efficiency,low-noise single-photon detection at infrared wavelengths.The advantages of high-speed single-photon detection are discussed in some applications,such as the laser ranging and quantum key distribution.The photon-number-resolving detection is shown to support efficient quantum random number generation.展开更多
With a heralded single photon source(HSPS), a measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution(MDIQKD) protocol is proposed, combined with a three-intensity decoy-state method. HSPS has the two-mode characteris...With a heralded single photon source(HSPS), a measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution(MDIQKD) protocol is proposed, combined with a three-intensity decoy-state method. HSPS has the two-mode characteristic, one mode is used as signal mode, and the other is used as heralded mode to reduce the influence of the dark count. The lower bound of the yield and the upper bound of the error rate are deduced and the performance of the MDI-QKD protocol with an HSPS is analyzed. The simulation results show that the MDI-QKD protocol with an HSPS can achieve a key generation rate and a secure transmission distance which are close to the theoretical limits of the protocol with a single photon source(SPS). Moreover, the key generation rate will improve with the raise of the senders' detection efficiency. The key generation rate of the MDI-QKD protocol with an HSPS is a little less than that of the MDI-QKD protocol with a weak coherent source(WCS) in the close range, but will exceed the latter in the far range. Furthermore, a farther transmission distance is obtained due to the two-mode characteristic of HSPS.展开更多
In recent years, with the development of quantum cryptography, quantum signature has also made great achievement. However,the effectiveness of all the quantum signature schemes reported in the literature can only be v...In recent years, with the development of quantum cryptography, quantum signature has also made great achievement. However,the effectiveness of all the quantum signature schemes reported in the literature can only be verified by a designated person.Therefore, its wide applications are limited. For solving this problem, a new quantum proxy signature scheme using EPR quantumentanglement state and unitary transformation to generate proxy signature is presented. Proxy signer announces his public key whenhe generates the final signature. According to the property of unitary transformation and quantum one-way function, everyone canverify whether the signature is effective or not by the public key. So the quantum proxy signature scheme in our paper can be publicverified. The quantum key distribution and one-time pad encryption algorithm guarantee the unconditional security of this scheme.Analysis results show that this new scheme satisfies strong non-counterfeit and strong non-disavowal.展开更多
文摘By introducing XOR operation and one-way function chains to group key management schemes based on the keys tree, a new group key management scheme based on the keys tree, XOR operation and one-way function chains is proposed. Initialization, member adding and member evicting operations are introduced. The new scheme is compared with three other group key management schemes which are based on the keys tree： SKDC, LKH, and OFF. As far as transmission, computation and storage costs are concerned, the performance of the new group key management scheme is the best. The security problem of the new scheme is analyzed. This new scheme provides backward and forward security, i.e.. newly admitted group members cannot read previous multicast messages and evicted members cannot read future multicast messages, even with collusion by many arbitrarily evicted members.
文摘A new authentication scheme based on a one-way hash function and Diffie-Hellman key exchange using smart card was propused by Yoon et al. in 2005. They claimed that the proposed protocol is against password guessing attack. In this paper, the author demonstrate that Yoon＇s scheme is vulnerable to the off-line password guessing attack by using a stolen smart card and the DoS attack by computational load at the re, note system. An improvement of Yoon＇s scheme to resist the above attacks is also proposed.
基金supported in part by the Foundation for Key Program of Chinese Ministry of Education under Grant No.212177Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Shaanxi Province under Grant No.12JK0973
文摘In data post-processing for quantum key distribution, it is essential to have a highly efficient error reconciliation protocol. Based on the key redistribution scheme, we analyze a one-way error reconciliation protocol by data simulation. The relationship between the error correction capability and the key generation efficiency of three kinds of Hamming code are demonstrated. The simulation results indicate that when the initial error rates are （0,1.5%], （1.5,4%], and （4,11%], using the Hamming （31,26）, （15,11）, and （7,4） codes to correct the error, respectively, the key generation rate will be maximized. Based on this, we propose a modified one-way error reconciliation protocol which employs a mixed Hamming code concatenation scheme. The error correction capability and key generation rate are verified through data simulation. Using the parameters of the posterior distribution based on the tested data, a simple method for estimating the bit error rate （BER） with a given confidence interval is estimated. The simulation results show that when the initial bit error rate is 10.00%, after 7 rounds of error correction, the error bits are eliminated completely, and the key generation rate is 10.36%; the BER expectation is 2.96×10^-10, and when the confidence is 95% the corresponding BER upper limit is 2.17×10^-9. By comparison, for the single （7,4） Hamming code error reconciliation scheme at a confidence of 95%,the key generation rate is only 6.09%, while the BER expectation is 5.92x 10＂9, with a BER upper limit of 4.34×10^-8. Hence, our improved protocol is much better than the original one.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61303212,61170080,61202386)the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(Grant Nos.61332019,U1135004)+2 种基金the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91018008)Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program)(No.2014CB340600)the Hubei Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2011CDB453,2014CFB440)
文摘The hardness of tensor decomposition problem has many achievements, but limited applications in cryptography, and the tensor decomposition problem has been considered to have the potential to resist quantum computing. In this paper, we firstly proposed a new variant of tensor decomposition problem, then two one-way functions are proposed based on the hard problem. Secondly we propose a key exchange protocol based on the one-way functions, then the security analysis, efficiency, recommended parameters and etc. are also given. The analyses show that our scheme has the following characteristics: easy to implement in software and hardware, security can be reduced to hard problems, and it has the potential to resist quantum computing.Besides the new key exchange can be as an alternative comparing with other classical key protocols.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61272058 and 61073054)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(Grant Nos.10251027501000004 and S2012040007324)+1 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Programof Higher Education of China(Grant No.20100171110042)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangmen City of China(Grant No.[2011]131)
文摘Quantum secure direct communication is the direct communication of secret messages without need for establishing a shared secret key first.In the existing schemes,quantum secure direct communication is possible only when both parties are quantum.In this paper,we construct a three-step semiquantum secure direct communication(SQSDC)protocol based on single photon sources in which the sender Alice is classical.In a semiquantum protocol,a person is termed classical if he(she)can measure,prepare and send quantum states only with the fixed orthogonal quantum basis{|0,|1}.The security of the proposed SQSDC protocol is guaranteed by the complete robustness of semiquantum key distribution protocols and the unconditional security of classical one-time pad encryption.Therefore,the proposed SQSDC protocol is also completely robust.Complete robustness indicates that nonzero information acquired by an eavesdropper Eve on the secret message implies the nonzero probability that the legitimate participants can find errors on the bits tested by this protocol.In the proposed protocol,we suggest a method to check Eves disturbing in the doves returning phase such that Alice does not need to announce publicly any position or their coded bits value after the photons transmission is completed.Moreover,the proposed SQSDC protocol can be implemented with the existing techniques.Compared with many quantum secure direct communication protocols,the proposed SQSDC protocol has two merits:firstly the sender only needs classical capabilities;secondly to check Eves disturbing after the transmission of quantum states,no additional classical information is needed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(Grant No.61127014)the National Key Scientific Instrument Project(Grant No.2012YQ150092)
文摘A single-photon detector is an extremely sensitive device capable of registering photons,offering essential technical support for optics quantum information applications.We review herein our recent experimental progress in the development and application of single-photon detection techniques.Techniques based on advanced self-differencing,low-pass filtering,frequency up-conversion and photon-number-resolving are introduced for attaining high-speed,high-efficiency,low-noise single-photon detection at infrared wavelengths.The advantages of high-speed single-photon detection are discussed in some applications,such as the laser ranging and quantum key distribution.The photon-number-resolving detection is shown to support efficient quantum random number generation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61302099)
文摘With a heralded single photon source(HSPS), a measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution(MDIQKD) protocol is proposed, combined with a three-intensity decoy-state method. HSPS has the two-mode characteristic, one mode is used as signal mode, and the other is used as heralded mode to reduce the influence of the dark count. The lower bound of the yield and the upper bound of the error rate are deduced and the performance of the MDI-QKD protocol with an HSPS is analyzed. The simulation results show that the MDI-QKD protocol with an HSPS can achieve a key generation rate and a secure transmission distance which are close to the theoretical limits of the protocol with a single photon source(SPS). Moreover, the key generation rate will improve with the raise of the senders' detection efficiency. The key generation rate of the MDI-QKD protocol with an HSPS is a little less than that of the MDI-QKD protocol with a weak coherent source(WCS) in the close range, but will exceed the latter in the far range. Furthermore, a farther transmission distance is obtained due to the two-mode characteristic of HSPS.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Key Project (Grant No. 2010ZX03003-003-01)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB311203)
文摘In recent years, with the development of quantum cryptography, quantum signature has also made great achievement. However,the effectiveness of all the quantum signature schemes reported in the literature can only be verified by a designated person.Therefore, its wide applications are limited. For solving this problem, a new quantum proxy signature scheme using EPR quantumentanglement state and unitary transformation to generate proxy signature is presented. Proxy signer announces his public key whenhe generates the final signature. According to the property of unitary transformation and quantum one-way function, everyone canverify whether the signature is effective or not by the public key. So the quantum proxy signature scheme in our paper can be publicverified. The quantum key distribution and one-time pad encryption algorithm guarantee the unconditional security of this scheme.Analysis results show that this new scheme satisfies strong non-counterfeit and strong non-disavowal.
