单层晶金属极薄带的制备及其尺寸效应

对低碳钢极薄带进行热处理后发现,在成品厚度为25μm以下时,其厚度方向只有一层晶粒。这种单层晶的晶界面积在晶粒总表面积中的占比很小,导致其组织性能与常规材料不同。为了研究单层晶极薄带的尺寸效应,进行单轴拉伸实验。结果表明,对于厚度方向只有少数晶粒的极薄带而言,抗拉强度和伸长率均随厚度/晶粒尺寸(T/D)比值的减小而降低。分析主要原因是晶粒自由表面比例大,位错容易从晶界表面逃逸,导致产生上述尺寸效应。

轧制单层晶铜箔滑移启动和应变局部化的晶体塑性模拟

在晶粒尺度采用晶体塑性有限元模拟极薄带材轧制成形过程,对优化和改进材料模型以及探究极薄带材塑性变形机制具有重要作用。箔材轧制成形性能主要依赖材料的微观结构(晶界、滑移系、取向)。采用退火态的单层晶铜箔为原料,进行箔轧实验和晶体塑性有限元模拟。建立反映晶粒形貌、晶界和取向各向异性的单层晶铜箔晶体塑性有限元模型,分析极薄带轧制成形中单/多滑移系启动状态和应变局部化现象。为准确构建晶体塑性有限元模拟的初始晶粒结构,消除微观组织亚表面的影响,采用垂直晶界即在厚度方向上建立只有一层晶粒的铜箔晶粒模型。结果表明:晶粒各向异性影响单层晶铜箔的轧制变形机制;晶界处的变形和滑移系运动状态完全不同于晶粒其他位置;单层晶轧制变形的滑移状态表现出明显的各向异性,出现局部滑移带和应变局部化,随轧制变形量的增大,滑移差异显著增大;晶界两侧局部区域存在滑移和变形的显著差异,这为亚晶和微观裂纹源的形核提供了有利的位置。

压下率对轧制单层晶极薄带晶界滑移特性的影响

采用退火态单层晶轧制铜箔为原料,进行不同压下率的箔轧.以多晶体位错滑移及塑性流动机制为基础,建立了考虑潜在硬化和晶格转动效应的率相关晶体滑移本构模型,分析了压下率对轧制单层晶极薄带晶界附近区域变形分布特性、取向演化和滑移系激活规律的影响,并探讨其机理.确定了合理的材料本构参数,铜箔拉伸实验与晶体塑性有限元模拟得到的应力-应变曲线一致.所建立的晶体塑性有限元模型,可很好的模拟最大压下率达到80%时轧制单层晶铜箔的变形过程.结果表明:1)由于晶粒形状、晶界及晶粒取向的作用导致晶内-晶间变形分布非均匀性;2)由于晶粒间复杂的相互作用导致晶粒取向主要绕横向(TD)进行旋转,且旋转角度和取向分散度随压下率的增加而增大;3)在晶内-晶间不同区域的滑移系启动存在显著差异,启动滑移系随压下率的增加而增多,当压下率小于等于60%时,在晶粒表层和晶界处,滑移系成对发生启动,当压下率达到80%时,表层和晶界处为多滑移系启动情形;4)滑移最先从晶粒表层和晶界处开始,然后向晶粒内部延伸.

轧制单层和少层晶铜箔塑性各向异性的晶体塑性有限元模拟

采用具有拉拔-压缩-剪切复合成形功能的微型异步轧机,对厚度方向具有单层和少层晶结构的铜极薄带开展箔轧实验。基于晶体塑性有限元理论,模拟分析复合轧制单层和少层晶铜极薄带的塑性各向异性行为。将单层和少层晶铜极薄带的初始织构和晶粒形貌输入晶体塑性有限元模型,分析极薄带轧制成形中晶粒层次的滑移启动、定量应变演化以及变形局部化现象。同时,模拟分析单/多滑移系启动、滑移局部化以及与微观组织相关的变形演化。结果表明:轧制单层晶铜极薄带的滑移区域和局部化趋势主要依赖于晶粒形貌结构,晶体塑性有限元模型准确获得滑移启动及其滑移区域的演化。轧制少层晶铜极薄带的滑移和塑性变形具有明显的各向异性,且随晶粒层数的减少而增强。同一晶粒内部和相邻晶粒的晶界局部区域存在显著的滑移与变形差异,这为裂纹的萌生和缺陷的形成提供了有利的位置。

极薄带异步轧制滑移带演化的晶体塑性有限元分析

以单层晶极薄带轧制为研究对象,采用多尺度晶体塑性有限元方法模拟其在拉-压-剪复合应力状态下的宏观剪切带和微观滑移带演化,优化极薄带材轧制工艺。在微观层次上,每个晶粒被离散成若干个有限元单元,且每个积分点采用单晶体本构模型。宏-微观层次模拟的共同特征是滑移带演化高度的各向异性和局部化,微观层次的模拟更加明显。结果表明:新剪切带随轧制区施加额外剪切变形而形成,在拉-压-剪复合应力下,强剪切造成已缩窄的主次剪切带随轧制压下的增大而又扩展。单系滑移带在各变形晶粒内的演化差异很大,存在主次滑移,随压-剪复合应力状态的增强而形成亚滑移带。在拉-压-剪复合应力下,单滑移扩展和叠加形成贯穿晶界的累积滑移带,晶界起到很好的滑移承载和传递作用。

基于TCAD软件的单层多晶EEPROM器件模拟分析

利用TCAD软件对单层多晶EEPROM器件特性进行了模拟分析,介绍了单层多晶EEPROM存储单元结构与原理的基础,针对TCAD软件中模拟分析单层多晶EEPROM器件特性时存在的困难,提出了一种两个MOS管外加电阻的等效模型来替代单层多晶EEPROM存储单元结构进行等效模拟。通过编程模拟了单层多晶EEPROM器件性能,模拟分析得到的特性曲线与理论曲线能较好吻合,验证了等效模型方案的可行性。

单层多晶的EEPROM

针对传统双层多晶EEPROM的诸多不足之处 ,介绍了相对较有潜力的单层多晶的EEP ROM ,主要对比了传统的双层多晶的EEPROM和单层多晶的EEPROM (singlepolyEEPROM ) ,展示了singlepolyEEPROM的应用前景 ,同时提出了singlepolyEEPROM所面临的问题 。

一种应用于可编程模拟电路的EEPROM单元

为改善传统EEPROM在可编程模拟电路应用中的不足,提出了一种新型的单层多晶EEPROM单元结构,与常见的单层多晶EEPROM结构相比,该结构采用双N阱、附加栅结构实现,与标准数字CMOS工艺兼容,具有写入电流控制准确、阈值电压低的特点.通过对器件的分析及仿真,验证了该结构在模拟电路应用中的有效性.

一种用于模拟电路修调的EEPROM电路

介绍了一种用在模拟电路中修调的EEPROM电路.该电路采用一种新型的单层多晶EEPROM结构,与传统的双栅EEPROM结构相比,该结构与数字CMOS工艺兼容,成本低、成品率高.使用在一个基准电压电路中时,其基准电压的调节范围达到±4.82%,调节精度达到4mV.EEPROM修调电路可广泛应用于各种高精度需求的电路中.

一种用于模拟电路测试与修调的方法

针对模拟电路中一些基准量的测试与修调,本文提出了一种通过管脚复用技术和单多晶的EEPROM相结合的方法对模拟电路中的基准电压进行了测试与修调,然后通过仿真验证了该方法实现的电路功能。

Laser Multi-layer Cladding Experiment on the DD3 Single Crystal Using FGH95 Powder:Investigation on the Microstructure of Single Crystal Cladding Layer

Laser multi\|layer cladding experiments were performed on the substrate of DD3 single crystal with FGH95 powder as cladding material.The solidification microstructure in the sample was investigated.It was found that the solidification microstructure was greatly influenced by the crystallography orientation of the substrate and the local solidification conditions.When the angle between the preferred orientation of the single crystal and the direction of heat flow in the cladding layer is less than 30°,single crystal cladding layers were acquired.Otherwise the crystallography orientation of the cladding layer will deviate from the orientation of the substrate and the microstructure with polycrystalline appears.Meanwhile,even when the experiments were performed on the same preferred crystal surface,the solidification microstructures will be different distinctly resulting from the variation of the local solidification conditions.The secondary arms were degenerated and the primary arm spacing was about 10\|20μm.Further investigation shows that the phases of the cladding layer are mainly made up ofγ,γ′,the flower\|likeγ/γ′eutectic and carbide.The morphology ofγ′was cubical and the size is less than 0.1μm.

An Adaptive Uniaxial Perfectly Matched Layer Method for Time-Harmonic Scattering Problems

The uniaxial perfectly matched layer (PML) method uses rectangular domain to define the PML problem and thus provides greater flexibility and efficiency in deal- ing with problems involving anisotropic scatterers.In this paper an adaptive uniaxial PML technique for solving the time harmonic Helmholtz scattering problem is devel- oped.The PML parameters such as the thickness of the layer and the fictitious medium property are determined through sharp a posteriori error estimates.The adaptive finite element method based on a posteriori error estimate is proposed to solve the PML equa- tion which produces automatically a coarse mesh size away from the fixed domain and thus makes the total computational costs insensitive to the thickness of the PML absorb- ing layer.Numerical experiments are included to illustrate the competitive behavior of the proposed adaptive method.In particular,it is demonstrated that the PML layer can be chosen as close to one wave-length from the scatterer and still yields good accuracy and efficiency in approximating the far fields.

Using sensitive surface plasmon resonance to detect binding of peptide molecules and immobilized vancomycin

To perform the mechanism study of special association for vancomycin and D-Ala-D-Ala-containing peptides on the interface of solution and self-assemble monolayer, the binding between vancomycin and pentapeptide （Lys-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-Ala） was investigated by flow injection surface plasmon resonance （FI-SPR） and flow injection quartz crystal microbalance （FI-QCM）. To facilitate the formation of a compact vancomycin adsorbates layer with a uniform surface orientation, vancomycin molecules were attached onto a preformed alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer. By optimizing the conditions for the binding between Lys-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-Ala and vancomycin on the assembled chip, the detecting limit of Lys-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-Ala was greatly improved （reaching 0.5 ×10^- 6 mol/L or 7.5 × 10^-12 mol）. The equilibrium constant of the association of Lys-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-Ala with vancomycin was also obtained （KAds=5.0×10^4 L/tool）.

Influence of Temperatures on Creep Behavior of Pt-Al Coated Third-Generation Low-Cost Single Crystal Superalloy

The influence of applied temperatures on the creep rupture life of the third-generation low-cost single crystal(SX)superalloy with Pt-Al coating was evaluated.The creep damage was observed under the conditions of 1100℃/137 MPa,1120℃/137 MPa,and 1140℃/137 MPa.Results show that the properties of bare superalloy outperform those of coated superalloy under all test conditions.The most significant reduction in creep life reaches 50%when the test condition is 1100℃/137 MPa.At higher temperatures(1120 and 1140℃),the crack propagation rate in Pt-Al coatings to SX superalloy substrate decreases,thereby reducing the degradation degree of mechanical properties.Instead of the penetration into SX substrate,tip oxidation and Al diffusion of the coating cracks cause the formation of oxides,therefore leading to the slow degradation in microstructures of the substrate beneath the coating.At 1100℃,however,the microstructure of coating/SX superalloy substrate degrades due to the Al internal diffusion.This diffusion mechanism promotes the formation of harmful topologically close packed phases around 1100℃.At 1120 and 1140℃,the dislocation of SX superalloy substrate beneath the coating is relatively unchanged,compared to that in the inner superalloy.In contrast,the dislocation network of the substrate beneath the coating becomes sparse,and the number of superdislocations cutting intoγ′phases increases at 1100℃.

Molecular dynamics simulation of single crystal Nickel nanometric machining

Molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to study the nanometric machining of single crystal Nickel(Ni). Through an investigation of atomic displacement and the variation of cutting force, it is found that the latter is in accordance with the number variation of elastic displaced atoms in the workpiece. It is further found that the generation of complex stacking faults is the predominant cause of cutting force fluctuation, and the stacking faults with complex structures lead to work-hardening. The temperature of the cutting tool and workpiece is studied during the machining process. It is concluded that the selection of averaging steps has a significant influence on the system temperature distribution. Thus, the time-spatial averaging method, which has a high accuracy and consistency in temperature distribution, is proposed.

Sodium carbonate-assisted synthesis of hierarchically porous single-crystalline nanosized zeolites

Hierarchically porous single-crystalline nanosized zeolites as heterogeneous catalysts show great poten- tial in fine chemistry because they offer more rich hierarchically porous channels for the mass transfer and molecular diffusion. However, the synthesis of hierarchically porous nanosized zeolites generally requires the assistance of templates acting as the mesoporogens, which limits its popularity. Herein, we report a one-pot and template-free synthesis of hierarchically porous single-crystalline nanosized zeolite beta only by introducing sodium carbonate in precursor solution. The resulted sample features the extraordinary properties, including the uniform nanocrystal （200-300 nm）, high pore volume （0.65 cm3g 1） and the hierarchical pore-size distribution （e.g., 2-8 and 90-150 nm）. After slicing pro- cessing, it is interestingly found that a large number of interconnected mesopores penetrate throughout whole material, which enables the hierarchically porous nanosized zeolite beta remarkably superior cat- alytic activity than the conventional zeolite beta in condensation of henzaldehyde with ethanol at room temperature. More importantly, this one-pot sodium carbonate-assisted synthetic strategy is highly ver- satile, which has also been successfully developed to synthesize hierarchically porous nanosized single- crystalline zeolites ZSM-5 and TS.

Modulating the metal/organic interface via Cu TCNQ decorated layer toward high performance bottom-contact single-crystal transistors

The organic single-crystal field-effect transistors using anthracene derivative, H-Ant as an active layer with source/drain electrodes decorated by metal charge transfer salt(Cu TCNQ) were fabricated. We demonstrated that this bottom-contact structure displayed an obvious improvement in the electrical characteristics relative to their pristine copper and top-contact gold electrode counterparts. This observation could be ascribed to the lower contact resistance resulting from the energetic match between electrodes and semiconductor.

Synthesis of dispersed long single-crystalline TiO_2 paste and its application in DSSC as a scattering layer

Ti O2 nanowire(NW) is one of the potential scattering layer materials in dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs) owing to its fast electron conductivity and excellent light scattering property resulting from its one-dimensional(1D) morphology. However, Ti O2 NWs used as scattering layers in previous work were either aggregated or shortened into shuttles that cannot use their unique 1D properties. In this paper, we present the preparation of a well-dispersed long NW paste(exceeding 1 ?m) by a mild method and used as a scattering layer in DSSC. The paste achieved a photoconversion efficiency of 5.73% and an efficiency enhancement of 12% compared with commercial scattering layer(P200 paste). Compared with the DSSC without a scattering layer, an efficiency enhancement of 54.9% was achieved. Also, the largest efficiency of 6.89% was obtained after optimization of photoanode thickness. The photoanodes were investigated through dye desorbed experiments and transmission spectra, which suggested that P25 nanoparticles with the as-prepared NW scattering layer loaded more dye than those with P200 paste. These results indicate that well-dispersed long NW paste has a potential application in scattering layers.

Potential wells for classical acoustic waves

The acceleration theorem of Bloch waves is utilized to construct random potential wells for classical acoustic waves in systems composed of alternating‘cavities’and‘couplers’.One prominent advantage of this method is these‘cavities’and‘couplers’are all monolayer structures.It allows forming more compact classical potential wells,which leads to the miniaturization of acoustic devices.We systematically investigate properties of harmonic,tangent,hyperbolic function,and square classical potential wells in quasi-periodic superlattices.Results show these classical potential wells are analogues of quantum potential wells.Thus some technologies and concepts in quantum potential well fields may be generalized to classical acoustic wave fields.In addition,some abnormal cases regarding forming classical potential wells are also found.