Camel contagious ecthyma （CCE） has been reported in Mongolia, Kenya, Somalia and Sudan. CCE is caused by a Parapoxvirus affecting young animals by producing lesions around the lips and nostrils. The generalized form...Camel contagious ecthyma （CCE） has been reported in Mongolia, Kenya, Somalia and Sudan. CCE is caused by a Parapoxvirus affecting young animals by producing lesions around the lips and nostrils. The generalized form of CCE is uncommon. The aim of this study was to submit the first report of contagious ecthyma in Iran and also to help clinician to diagnose this disease with heavy economic losses easier. In the paper, an outbreak of CCE in dromedary and bactrian camels in Qom province of Iran was described and clinical signs were observed in one camel herd in October 2009. Nodules and scabs from seven affected animals were collected for virus identification. Total extracted DNA was used for polymerase chain reaction （PCR） to amplify a fragment of Parapoxvirus B2L gene. Results showed that camel calves （n = 27） less than one year old and one male bactrian camel were affected （no adult female camels were found to be infected）. The prevalence of the disease in the herd, adult camels and camel calves was 30.33%, 1.5% and 100%, respectively. Affected animals showed the swelling of head with nodular lesion around the lips. It then developed to pustules and fissured crusts. Previous involvement with this disease, history of contact with sheep or goats, food resources and season all can have a role in epidemiology of the disease.展开更多
The current study focuses on the contribution of the dromedary in the preservation and increase of spontaneous flora through seeds transfer by endozoochory. Thus dromedary faeces have been collected in selected area o...The current study focuses on the contribution of the dromedary in the preservation and increase of spontaneous flora through seeds transfer by endozoochory. Thus dromedary faeces have been collected in selected area of region of Ghardaia （Northern Algeria Sahara）, since it is one of the three known cameline rangelands during the four successive seasons of the years 2009-2010, in order to examine their seed contents. Our investigation allowed us to invento 1,832 seeds representing 33 different types varying according to the seasons of harvest. The biggest density of seeds was present in summer with 986 seeds, against 424 seeds in winter, 366 seeds in fall and 56 seeds in spring, and of the same way, the biggest number of types was present in summer with 30 types, consistent of the fall season with 26 types, and arrived then the season of winter with 20 types and the one of spring with five types. The gotten results allowed us to appreciate the ecological role of this animal in the desertic ecosystem in the dissemination and the proliferation of the seeds of the spontaneous flora in its fragile and hostile desert environment to the survival of the seeds enveloped in its faeces.展开更多
In raw materials of dromedary hair, there are two distinct fibre populations： The fine one is of textile relevance and the coarse one is rather worthless and must be as a rule separated prior to spinning and subseque...In raw materials of dromedary hair, there are two distinct fibre populations： The fine one is of textile relevance and the coarse one is rather worthless and must be as a rule separated prior to spinning and subsequent processing. The fibre surface morphology and fibre fineness of Tunisian dromedary hair has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscope （SEM）. SEM microscopic method provides the fibre diameter, the scale shape, the scale frequency and scale height. The results show that dehaired dromedary fibre presents a relatively low mean fibre diameter （≈ 17 μm） with a high coefficient of variation （CV ≈ 25%）. The scales of the dromedary fibre are on average extremely long and quite visible, they tend not to protrude from the fibre, appear almost convex, and provide a wavy appearance in profile of the relatively coarse fibre. On counting the scale frequency, that is, the number of scale margins within a determined fibre length of 100 μm on the surface of a fine （diameter 〈 30 μm） and coarse （diameter 〉 30 μm） dromedary fibre, comes out roughly five at eight and eight at twelve scale margins, respectively. The mean height of the cuticle scale is 0.12μm and 0.24 μm, respectively, for fine and coarse dromedary fibre. These explain why dromedary fibres present a soft touch due to the prominence of the scale edges. This aspect of the surface structure has a high correlation with the felting capacity of the matter, and contributes to the concepts of handle and gloss.展开更多
文摘Camel contagious ecthyma （CCE） has been reported in Mongolia, Kenya, Somalia and Sudan. CCE is caused by a Parapoxvirus affecting young animals by producing lesions around the lips and nostrils. The generalized form of CCE is uncommon. The aim of this study was to submit the first report of contagious ecthyma in Iran and also to help clinician to diagnose this disease with heavy economic losses easier. In the paper, an outbreak of CCE in dromedary and bactrian camels in Qom province of Iran was described and clinical signs were observed in one camel herd in October 2009. Nodules and scabs from seven affected animals were collected for virus identification. Total extracted DNA was used for polymerase chain reaction （PCR） to amplify a fragment of Parapoxvirus B2L gene. Results showed that camel calves （n = 27） less than one year old and one male bactrian camel were affected （no adult female camels were found to be infected）. The prevalence of the disease in the herd, adult camels and camel calves was 30.33%, 1.5% and 100%, respectively. Affected animals showed the swelling of head with nodular lesion around the lips. It then developed to pustules and fissured crusts. Previous involvement with this disease, history of contact with sheep or goats, food resources and season all can have a role in epidemiology of the disease.
文摘The current study focuses on the contribution of the dromedary in the preservation and increase of spontaneous flora through seeds transfer by endozoochory. Thus dromedary faeces have been collected in selected area of region of Ghardaia （Northern Algeria Sahara）, since it is one of the three known cameline rangelands during the four successive seasons of the years 2009-2010, in order to examine their seed contents. Our investigation allowed us to invento 1,832 seeds representing 33 different types varying according to the seasons of harvest. The biggest density of seeds was present in summer with 986 seeds, against 424 seeds in winter, 366 seeds in fall and 56 seeds in spring, and of the same way, the biggest number of types was present in summer with 30 types, consistent of the fall season with 26 types, and arrived then the season of winter with 20 types and the one of spring with five types. The gotten results allowed us to appreciate the ecological role of this animal in the desertic ecosystem in the dissemination and the proliferation of the seeds of the spontaneous flora in its fragile and hostile desert environment to the survival of the seeds enveloped in its faeces.
文摘In raw materials of dromedary hair, there are two distinct fibre populations： The fine one is of textile relevance and the coarse one is rather worthless and must be as a rule separated prior to spinning and subsequent processing. The fibre surface morphology and fibre fineness of Tunisian dromedary hair has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscope （SEM）. SEM microscopic method provides the fibre diameter, the scale shape, the scale frequency and scale height. The results show that dehaired dromedary fibre presents a relatively low mean fibre diameter （≈ 17 μm） with a high coefficient of variation （CV ≈ 25%）. The scales of the dromedary fibre are on average extremely long and quite visible, they tend not to protrude from the fibre, appear almost convex, and provide a wavy appearance in profile of the relatively coarse fibre. On counting the scale frequency, that is, the number of scale margins within a determined fibre length of 100 μm on the surface of a fine （diameter 〈 30 μm） and coarse （diameter 〉 30 μm） dromedary fibre, comes out roughly five at eight and eight at twelve scale margins, respectively. The mean height of the cuticle scale is 0.12μm and 0.24 μm, respectively, for fine and coarse dromedary fibre. These explain why dromedary fibres present a soft touch due to the prominence of the scale edges. This aspect of the surface structure has a high correlation with the felting capacity of the matter, and contributes to the concepts of handle and gloss.
