大麻新品种“龙大麻1号”的选育

龙大麻1号是以山东省优质、高纤、抗逆性强的大麻地方品种鲁麻1号为母本,黑龙江省大麻地方品种五常40为父本进行杂交,通过单性选择育成。所内和异地鉴定、区域和生产试验表明该品种优质、高产、熟期适中、抗病、抗倒伏能力强等优点。2010年生产试验,原茎、长麻、全麻、种子产量分别达到9015.3kg/hm2、1259.2kg/hm2、1638.3kg/hm2和508.7kg/hm2,分别比对照增产11.0%、15.8%、14.7%和17.5%。长麻率18.0%,比对照高1.3个百分点;全麻率23.4%,比对照高1.6个百分点;纤维强度269N。

CO_(2) reduction reaction pathways on single‐atom Co sites:Impacts of local coordination environment

Single‐atom catalysts have been proposed as promising electrocatalysts for CO_(2) reduction reactions(CO_(2)RR).Co‐N_(4) active sites have attracted wide attention owing to their excellent CO selectivity and activity.However,the effect of the local coordination environment of Co sites on CO_(2) reduction reaction pathways is still unclear.In this study,we investigated the CO_(2) reduction reaction pathways on Co‐N_(4) sites supported on conjugated N_(4)‐macrocyclic ligands with 1,10‐phenanthroline subunits(Co‐N_(4)‐CPY)by density functional theory calculations.The local coordination environment of single‐atom Co sites with N substituted by O(Co‐N_(3)O‐CPY)and C(Co‐N_(3)C‐CPY)was studied for comparison.The calculation results revealed that both C and O coordination break the symmetry of the primary CoN_(4) ligand field and induce charge redistribution of the Co atom.For Co‐N_(4)‐CPY,CO was confirmed to be the main product of CO_(2)RR.HCOOH is the primary product of Co‐N_(3)O‐CPY because of the greatly increased energy barrier of CO_(2) to*COOH.Although the energy barrier of CO_(2) to*COOH is reduced on Co‐N_(3)C‐CPY,the desorption process of*CO becomes more difficult.CH3OH(or CH_(4))are obtained by further*CO hydrogenation reduction when using Co‐N_(3)C‐CPY.This work provides new insight into the effect of the local coordination environment of single‐atom sites on CO_(2) reduction reaction pathways.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of FSHβ Gene Associated with Reproductive Traits in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Follicle stimulating hormone β (FSHβ) of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) plays a key role in the regulation of gonadal development.This study aimed to investigate molecular genetic characteristics of the FSHβ gene and elucidate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FSHβ on reproductive traits in Japanese flounder.We used polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing of the FSHβ gene in 60 individuals.We identified only an SNP (T/C) in the coding region of exon3 of FSHβ.The SNP (T/C) did not lead to amino acid changes at the position 340 bp of FSHβ gene.Statistical analysis showed that the SNP was significantly associated with testosterone (T) level and gonadosomatic index (GSI) (P<0.05).Individuals with genotype TC of the SNP had significantly higher serum T levels and GSI (P<0.05) than that of genotype CC.Therefore, FSHβ gene could be a useful molecular marker in selection for prominent reproductive trait in Japanese Flounder.

Asymmetric construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters in the total synthesis of natural products

Structure units containing all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center are found in many bioactive natural products. However, enantioselective construction of this type of structure units has been a formidable challenge for synthetic community due to the steric hindrance enforced by all-carbon quatemary stereocenters. In this review, we present the achievements made by Chinese scientists in the area of asymmetric synthesis of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters in natural products during the past two years.

The Adaptive LASSO Spline Estimation of Single-Index Model

In this paper, based on spline approximation, the authors propose a unified variable selection approach for single-index model via adaptive L1 penalty. The calculation methods of the proposed estimators are given on the basis of the known lars algorithm. Under some regular conditions, the authors demonstrate the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators and the oracle properties of adaptive LASSO(aL ASSO) variable selection. Simulations are used to investigate the performances of the proposed estimator and illustrate that it is effective for simultaneous variable selection as well as estimation of the single-index models.

Designed polymeric conjugation motivates tunable activation of molecular oxygen in heterogeneous organic photosynthesis

Photocatalytic oxidative organic reactions are important synthetic transformations,and research on reaction selectivity by reactive oxygen species(ROS)is significant.To date,however,there has rarely been any focus on the directed generation of ROSs.Herein,we report the first identification of tunable molecular oxygen activation induced by polymeric conjugation in nonmetallic conjugated microporous polymers(CMP).The conjugation between these can be achieved by the introduction of alkynyl groups.CMP-A with an alkynyl bridge facilitates the intramolecular charge mobility while CMP-D,lacking an alkynyl group enhances the photoexcited carrier build-up on the surface from diffusion.These different processes dominate the directed ROS generation of the superoxide radical(·O_(2)^(-))and singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),respectively.This theory is substantiated by the different performances of these CMPs in the aerobic oxidation of sulfides and the dehydrogenative coupling of amines,and could provide insight into the rational design of CMPs for various heterogeneous organic photosynthesis.

Bovine HSD17B8 gene and its relationship with growth and meat quality traits

17 β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 （HSD17B8） is an important regulator of lipid and steroid metabolism. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effects of HSD17B8 on growth and meat quality traits in cattle. Transcription profile analysis showed that HSD17B8 was primarily expressed in the salpinx, liver, and testis. Meanwhile, we identified three SNPs （SNPI： intron 1-A91G; SNP2： exon 1-A90G; and SNP3： intron 8-A86G） of the bovine HSD17B8 gene and investigated its haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium. The detected SNPs were found associated with growth traits （body weight, body length, height at withers, heart girth, hip width, and average daily gain） in native cattle populations （Nanyang and Jiaxian） as well as the meat quality traits （Warner- Bratzler shear force, rib area, dressing percentage, carcass weight, and backfat thickness） in commercial breeds （Angus, Hereford, Limousin, Luxi, Simmental, and Jinnan）. Our results provided evidence that polymorphisms in the HSD17B8 gene were associated with growth traits and meat quality traits. Moreover, our findings might be used for marker-assisted selection in beef cattle breeding program