AIM： Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 （PTGS2 or COX2） is one of the key factors in the cellular response to inflammation. PTGS2 is expressed in the affected intestinal segments of patients with inflammatory bowel disea...AIM： Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 （PTGS2 or COX2） is one of the key factors in the cellular response to inflammation. PTGS2 is expressed in the affected intestinal segments of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases （IBD）. In IBD patients, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have been shown to reduce both the production and activity of PTGS2, may activate IBD and aggravate the symptoms. We aimed at examining genetic variants of PTGS2 that may be risk factors for IBD. METHODS： We genotyped 291 individuals diagnosed with IBD and 367 controls from the Dutch population for the five most frequent polymorphisms of the PTG52 gene. Clinical data were collected on all patients. DNA was extracted via normal laboratory methods. Genotyping was carried out using multiplex PCR followed by the Invader Assay and the 5＇ exonuclease assay （TaqMan）. New polymorphism screening was performed by pre-screening with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by fluorescent sequencing. RESULTS： Allele 5209G was weakly associated with Crohn＇s disease （odds ratio [OR] 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.57）, and allele 8473T with ulcerativecolitis （OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.00-2.27）. The haplotype including both alleles showed a strong association with IBD （OR 13.15, 95%CI 3.17-116.15）. This haplotype, while rare （-0.3%） in the general population, is found more frequently in patients （3.5%）. CONCLUSION： Our data suggest that this haplotype of PTGS2 contributes to the susceptibility of IBD.展开更多
Maintaining genetic diversity is a major issue in conservation biology. In this study, we demonstrate the differences of genetic diversity levels between wild and captive individuals of Elliot’s Pheasant Syrmaticus e...Maintaining genetic diversity is a major issue in conservation biology. In this study, we demonstrate the differences of genetic diversity levels between wild and captive individuals of Elliot’s Pheasant Syrmaticus ellioti. Wild individuals showed a higher genetic diversity level than that of the captive individuals. Nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity of wild individuals were 0.00628 and 0.993, while those of captive individuals were 0.00150 and 0.584 respectively. Only 3 haplotypes of mtDNA control region sequence were identified among 36 captive individuals, while 16 unique haplotypes were identified among the 17 wild individuals in this study. One captive haplotype was shared by a wild individual from Anhui Province. It is concluded that a low number of founders was the likely reason for the lower level genetic diversity of the captive group. Careful genetic man- agement is suggested for captive populations, particularly of such an endangered species, to maintain genetic variability levels.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the frequency and distribution of /V-acetyltransferase 2 （NAT2） and uridine 5＇-diphosphate （UDP）-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 （UGT1A7） genes in patients with ulcerative colitis （UC） and Cr...AIM： To investigate the frequency and distribution of /V-acetyltransferase 2 （NAT2） and uridine 5＇-diphosphate （UDP）-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 （UGT1A7） genes in patients with ulcerative colitis （UC） and Crohn＇s disease （CD）. METHODS： Frequencies and distributions of IVAT2 and UGT1A7SNPs as well as their haplotypes were investigated in 95 patients with UC, 60 patients with CD, and 200 gender-matched, unrelated, healthy, control volunteers by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP）, PCR-denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography （DHPLC）, and direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS： Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the frequency of haplotype, NAT2＊7B, significantly increased in CD patients, compared to that in controls （P= 0.0130, OR = 2.802, 95%CI = 1.243-6.316）. However, there was no association between NAT2 haplotypes and UC, or between any UGT1A7haplotypes and inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）. CONCLUSION： It is likely that the NAT2 gene is one ofthe determinants for CD in Japanese. Alternatively, a new CD determinant may exist in the 8p22 region, where NAT2 is located.展开更多
The strength and failure characteristics of most natural rock mass are influenced by discontinues such as fissures, joints, and weak surfaces. In the present study, the strength and failure behavior of ubiquitous- joi...The strength and failure characteristics of most natural rock mass are influenced by discontinues such as fissures, joints, and weak surfaces. In the present study, the strength and failure behavior of ubiquitous- joint rock-l!ke specimens under uniaxial loading have been investigated by DIC （digital image correlation） and discrete element numerical method （PFC2D）. The results are obtained. Firstly, the UCSJ of spec- imens with γ= 15° or 30° shows similar tendency while α goes from 0° to 75°. With γ= 45° or 60°, the UCSJ of specimens increases when α goes from 0° to 30° and decreases after α goes beyond 30°. With γ=75°, the peak UCSJ value is reached when α=0°. The UCSJ value shows an increasing trend when α goes from 60° to 75°. Secondly, the ubiquitous-joint specimens present different failure modes for various levels of α and γ（β-α）. Based on the experimental results, the failure mode of ubiquitous-joint specimens can be classified into three categories： stepped path failure, failure through parallel plane, and failure through cross plane.展开更多
The monotypic genus Phycocaris Kemp, 1916, which was established based on material from the Indian Ocean and previously only known from the type localities, Australia and Japan, is now newly recorded from the South Ch...The monotypic genus Phycocaris Kemp, 1916, which was established based on material from the Indian Ocean and previously only known from the type localities, Australia and Japan, is now newly recorded from the South China Sea. A detailed description of Phycocaris simulans Kemp, 1916 based on the specimen collected from Hainan Island is presented. Specific features and the differences between the Indian Ocean and the present material are described.展开更多
This paper aims to find unit cost of a product for firms. It establishes a linear cost model to find unit cost. Linear goal programs assume a direct relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. De...This paper aims to find unit cost of a product for firms. It establishes a linear cost model to find unit cost. Linear goal programs assume a direct relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. Dependent variable of linear model is unit cost. Independent variables are cost accounting variables. They are supply cost, labor cost, and administration cost. This study assumes a direct relationship between supply-labor-administration costs and unit cost. Therefore, it establishes a linear cost model. The major research question of this study is to apply linear goal programming to cost accounting. The goal of this linear program is to find unit cost of product. This study uses quantitative method and human capital method. The main research result is linear costing model itself.展开更多
基金Supported by The Grants from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Special Training Award to DGC)the French Association for Research on Cancer (grant #7478)the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America (to ASP)
文摘AIM： Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 （PTGS2 or COX2） is one of the key factors in the cellular response to inflammation. PTGS2 is expressed in the affected intestinal segments of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases （IBD）. In IBD patients, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have been shown to reduce both the production and activity of PTGS2, may activate IBD and aggravate the symptoms. We aimed at examining genetic variants of PTGS2 that may be risk factors for IBD. METHODS： We genotyped 291 individuals diagnosed with IBD and 367 controls from the Dutch population for the five most frequent polymorphisms of the PTG52 gene. Clinical data were collected on all patients. DNA was extracted via normal laboratory methods. Genotyping was carried out using multiplex PCR followed by the Invader Assay and the 5＇ exonuclease assay （TaqMan）. New polymorphism screening was performed by pre-screening with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by fluorescent sequencing. RESULTS： Allele 5209G was weakly associated with Crohn＇s disease （odds ratio [OR] 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.57）, and allele 8473T with ulcerativecolitis （OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.00-2.27）. The haplotype including both alleles showed a strong association with IBD （OR 13.15, 95%CI 3.17-116.15）. This haplotype, while rare （-0.3%） in the general population, is found more frequently in patients （3.5%）. CONCLUSION： Our data suggest that this haplotype of PTGS2 contributes to the susceptibility of IBD.
基金Project (No. 30170144) supported by the National Nature ScienceFoundation of China
文摘Maintaining genetic diversity is a major issue in conservation biology. In this study, we demonstrate the differences of genetic diversity levels between wild and captive individuals of Elliot’s Pheasant Syrmaticus ellioti. Wild individuals showed a higher genetic diversity level than that of the captive individuals. Nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity of wild individuals were 0.00628 and 0.993, while those of captive individuals were 0.00150 and 0.584 respectively. Only 3 haplotypes of mtDNA control region sequence were identified among 36 captive individuals, while 16 unique haplotypes were identified among the 17 wild individuals in this study. One captive haplotype was shared by a wild individual from Anhui Province. It is concluded that a low number of founders was the likely reason for the lower level genetic diversity of the captive group. Careful genetic man- agement is suggested for captive populations, particularly of such an endangered species, to maintain genetic variability levels.
文摘AIM： To investigate the frequency and distribution of /V-acetyltransferase 2 （NAT2） and uridine 5＇-diphosphate （UDP）-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 （UGT1A7） genes in patients with ulcerative colitis （UC） and Crohn＇s disease （CD）. METHODS： Frequencies and distributions of IVAT2 and UGT1A7SNPs as well as their haplotypes were investigated in 95 patients with UC, 60 patients with CD, and 200 gender-matched, unrelated, healthy, control volunteers by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP）, PCR-denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography （DHPLC）, and direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS： Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the frequency of haplotype, NAT2＊7B, significantly increased in CD patients, compared to that in controls （P= 0.0130, OR = 2.802, 95%CI = 1.243-6.316）. However, there was no association between NAT2 haplotypes and UC, or between any UGT1A7haplotypes and inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）. CONCLUSION： It is likely that the NAT2 gene is one ofthe determinants for CD in Japanese. Alternatively, a new CD determinant may exist in the 8p22 region, where NAT2 is located.
基金funding from Project (Nos.51474249 and 51404179) supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject Supported by Innovation Driven Plan of Central South University of China (No.2016CX019)Project (No. SKLGDUEK1405) funded by the Open Projects of State Key Laboratory for Geo-mechanics and Deep Underground Engineering of China University of Mining and Technology,in China
文摘The strength and failure characteristics of most natural rock mass are influenced by discontinues such as fissures, joints, and weak surfaces. In the present study, the strength and failure behavior of ubiquitous- joint rock-l!ke specimens under uniaxial loading have been investigated by DIC （digital image correlation） and discrete element numerical method （PFC2D）. The results are obtained. Firstly, the UCSJ of spec- imens with γ= 15° or 30° shows similar tendency while α goes from 0° to 75°. With γ= 45° or 60°, the UCSJ of specimens increases when α goes from 0° to 30° and decreases after α goes beyond 30°. With γ=75°, the peak UCSJ value is reached when α=0°. The UCSJ value shows an increasing trend when α goes from 60° to 75°. Secondly, the ubiquitous-joint specimens present different failure modes for various levels of α and γ（β-α）. Based on the experimental results, the failure mode of ubiquitous-joint specimens can be classified into three categories： stepped path failure, failure through parallel plane, and failure through cross plane.
基金Supported by the Marine Public Welfare Project of China Program(No.201505004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41506171,41376163)
文摘The monotypic genus Phycocaris Kemp, 1916, which was established based on material from the Indian Ocean and previously only known from the type localities, Australia and Japan, is now newly recorded from the South China Sea. A detailed description of Phycocaris simulans Kemp, 1916 based on the specimen collected from Hainan Island is presented. Specific features and the differences between the Indian Ocean and the present material are described.
文摘This paper aims to find unit cost of a product for firms. It establishes a linear cost model to find unit cost. Linear goal programs assume a direct relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. Dependent variable of linear model is unit cost. Independent variables are cost accounting variables. They are supply cost, labor cost, and administration cost. This study assumes a direct relationship between supply-labor-administration costs and unit cost. Therefore, it establishes a linear cost model. The major research question of this study is to apply linear goal programming to cost accounting. The goal of this linear program is to find unit cost of product. This study uses quantitative method and human capital method. The main research result is linear costing model itself.
