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理论评价: 单理论模型与多理论模型
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作者 马亮 《广西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 CSSCI 1997年第2期21-24,共4页
理论评价是科学哲学的中心问题。最初的理论评价观是以单理论模型为基础的,即认为根据待评价理论和有关的经验证据之间的逻辑关系就可以判定和解决理论的证实与证伪、接受与拒斥问题。随着历史主义学派的兴起,单理论模型的缺陷被揭露... 理论评价是科学哲学的中心问题。最初的理论评价观是以单理论模型为基础的,即认为根据待评价理论和有关的经验证据之间的逻辑关系就可以判定和解决理论的证实与证伪、接受与拒斥问题。随着历史主义学派的兴起,单理论模型的缺陷被揭露出来:根本不存在完全客观的、不受理论“污染”的观察证据;理论与观察之间也不是证伪或证实的简单的逻辑关系;按照这种评价模型,历史上就没有合格的科学理论了。因此,五六十年代以来,理论评价的单理论模型就被多理论模型取代了,理论评价被认为是新旧理论及事实证据之间的比较、选择、取代关系,而这三者之间没有任何一方处在“最后裁判”的优越地位上。多理论模型在一定程度上克服了单理论模型的缺陷。 展开更多
关键词 理论评价 单理论模型 理论模型 观察证据 评价标准 科学 合理性
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Decoupling Relationship Between Cultivated Land Occupation by Construction and Economic Growth in China During 1998-2007 被引量:3
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作者 Yang Ke Chen Baiming Tang Xiumei 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2010年第1期38-46,共9页
With the rapid development of economy,the conversion of cultivated land into nonagricultural land occurs more frequently and makes cultivated land sparser.This article based on the decoupling theory takes the situatio... With the rapid development of economy,the conversion of cultivated land into nonagricultural land occurs more frequently and makes cultivated land sparser.This article based on the decoupling theory takes the situations of cultivated land occupation by construction and economic growth in China from 1998 to 2007 as an example to evaluate and analyze the decoupling.The conclusions are drawn as follows.First,the article applies IU curve and gross method.The decoupling status by gross method,in contrast to that by IU curve,can express the pressure from cultivated land occupation better and is similar to the decoupling status based on the model of decoupling in this article.Second,in most provinces of China,the relationship between the cultivated land occupation by construction and economic growth has transformed from expansive negative decoupling to strong decoupling.In general,the transformation was firstly from economically advanced eastern municipalities under the central government directly,then to economically advanced eastern coastal provinces,and lastly to central,western and northeastern regions.Third,the decoupling status was relative to contemporaneous policies and laws on cultivated land protection and regional development planning.Their effect is obvious and positive. 展开更多
关键词 cultivated land occupation economic growth DECOUPLING
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Topological Properties of Complex Networks with Different Types of Nodes
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作者 张娟 吴文丰 《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2009年第4期384-386,共3页
Nodes play different roles or have different functions in many natural and social networks.In this paper,a simple model with different types of nodes and deterministic selective linking rule is proposed.The structural... Nodes play different roles or have different functions in many natural and social networks.In this paper,a simple model with different types of nodes and deterministic selective linking rule is proposed.The structural properties by theoretical predictions are investigated that the given model exhibits a power-law distribution. 展开更多
关键词 power-law distribution degree distribution clustering coefficient mean-field method
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