镍(II)离子具有3d8的电子构型。在八面体场中,它们倾向于采用高自旋,表现为顺磁性,而在正方形平面场中,它们通常采用低自旋,表现为抗磁性。镍(II)可以与具有f7-f11电子构型的镧系离子进行铁磁耦合,如镝(III)。镍(II)离子内的二阶轨道角...镍(II)离子具有3d8的电子构型。在八面体场中,它们倾向于采用高自旋,表现为顺磁性,而在正方形平面场中,它们通常采用低自旋,表现为抗磁性。镍(II)可以与具有f7-f11电子构型的镧系离子进行铁磁耦合,如镝(III)。镍(II)离子内的二阶轨道角动量可以提供大量的零场分裂参数,这意味着可能存在显著的磁各向异性。因此,本文通过对近年来典型的镍–稀土单分子磁体进行综述,以期为3d-4f单分子磁体的发展奠定一定的基础。Nickel(II) ions possess electronic configuration of 3d8. In an octahedral field, they tend to adopt a high-spin, exhibiting paramagnetism, whereas in a square-planar field, they typically adopt a low- spin, manifesting as diamagnetism. Ni(II)can engage in ferromagnetic coupling with lanthanide ions having electronic configurations of f7-f11, such as dysprosium(III). Additionally, the second-order orbital angular momentum within Nickel(II) ions can provide substantial zero-field splitting parameters, implying the potential for significant magnetic anisotropy. Therefore, this paper reviews the typical nickel-rare earth single molecule magnets in recent years, in order to lay a certain foundation for the development of 3d-4f single molecule magnets.展开更多
在Co(II)离子中,d轨道上总共有7个电子,其中3个为不成对电子。由于它的轨道角动量未淬灭且自旋轨道耦合相对较强,CoⅡ表现出明显的磁各向异性,使其成为磁性材料中优良且稳定的自旋载体。同时,CoⅡ容易氧化为CoⅢ,在配位环境中通常表现...在Co(II)离子中,d轨道上总共有7个电子,其中3个为不成对电子。由于它的轨道角动量未淬灭且自旋轨道耦合相对较强,CoⅡ表现出明显的磁各向异性,使其成为磁性材料中优良且稳定的自旋载体。同时,CoⅡ容易氧化为CoⅢ,在配位环境中通常表现出抗磁性行为。这一特性在3d-4f单分子磁体(SMMs)中被用作磁稀释剂,有效抑制QTM。研究人员利用这些特性合成了许多钴–稀土(Co-Ln)SMMs。因此,本文通过对近年来典型的钴–稀土单分子磁体进行综述,以期为3d-4f单分子磁体的发展奠定一定的基础。In the Co (II) ion, there are a total of 7 electrons present in the d orbitals, including 3 unpaired electrons. Due to its unquenched orbital angular momentum and relatively strong spin-orbit coupling, CoⅡ exhibits significant magnetic anisotropy, making it an excellent and stable spin carrier within magnetic materials. Simultaneously, CoⅡ readily undergoes oxidation to CoⅢ, which often exhibits diamagnetic behavior in coordination environments. This property is harnessed in 3d-4f single molecule magnets (SMMs)to serve as a magnetic diluter, effectively suppressing QTM. Researchers have exploited these characteristics to synthesize numerous Co-Ln SMMs.展开更多
铬(III)具有[Ar] 3d3的电子构型,属于d3离子类别。在八面体配位环境中,它简并的t2g轨道上只能容纳三个电子,这会使Jahn-Teller效应减弱。因此,该离子显示出相对较弱的磁各向异性,这也导致了关于利用铬(III)作为中心离子的单分子磁体(SMM...铬(III)具有[Ar] 3d3的电子构型,属于d3离子类别。在八面体配位环境中,它简并的t2g轨道上只能容纳三个电子,这会使Jahn-Teller效应减弱。因此,该离子显示出相对较弱的磁各向异性,这也导致了关于利用铬(III)作为中心离子的单分子磁体(SMM)的研究报告十分缺乏。因此,本文通过对近年来典型的铬–稀土单分子磁体进行综述,以期为3d-4f单分子磁体的发展奠定一定的基础。Chromium(III) has an electronic configuration of [Ar] 3d3 and belongs to the d3 ion category. In an octahedral coordination environment, its degenerate t2g orbital can only accommodate three electrons, which weakens the Jahn Teller effect. Therefore, the ion exhibits relatively weak magnetic anisotropy, which also leads to a lack of research reports on single molecule magnets (SMMs) using chromium(III) as the central ion. This article reviews typical chromium lanthanide based single molecule magnets in recent years, in order to lay a certain foundation for the development of 3d-4f single molecule magnets.展开更多
在3d-4f类型中的单分子磁体里,铜通常以二价的形式存在,并且它的特征电子构型为3d9,因此被认为是顺磁中心。在八面体配位环境中,CuII的d层轨道分裂成了t2g6eg3,这就导致了CuII中会出现Jahn-Teller效应。结合这些特性,CuII会表现出中等...在3d-4f类型中的单分子磁体里,铜通常以二价的形式存在,并且它的特征电子构型为3d9,因此被认为是顺磁中心。在八面体配位环境中,CuII的d层轨道分裂成了t2g6eg3,这就导致了CuII中会出现Jahn-Teller效应。结合这些特性,CuII会表现出中等的磁各向异性,因此通常被认为是各向同性离子。然而,由于其灵活的配位性,以及它会与4f金属形成强铁磁耦合的能力,Cu-Ln SMMs仍然是研究的焦点。In 3d-4f SMMs, copper is typically present in the CuⅡ form, characterized by 3d9 electron configuration, and is thus commonly regarded as paramagnetic center. In octahedral coordination environment, the d orbitals of CuⅡ split into t2g6eg3, leading to the occurrence of the Jahn-Teller effect in CuⅡ. Combining these characteristics, CuⅡ exhibits moderate magnetic anisotropy, and thus is often regarded as isotropic ion. However, due to its flexible coordination, along with its ability to form strong ferromagnetic couplings with 4f metals, Cu-Ln SMMs have remained the focal point of research.展开更多
文摘镍(II)离子具有3d8的电子构型。在八面体场中,它们倾向于采用高自旋,表现为顺磁性,而在正方形平面场中,它们通常采用低自旋,表现为抗磁性。镍(II)可以与具有f7-f11电子构型的镧系离子进行铁磁耦合,如镝(III)。镍(II)离子内的二阶轨道角动量可以提供大量的零场分裂参数,这意味着可能存在显著的磁各向异性。因此,本文通过对近年来典型的镍–稀土单分子磁体进行综述,以期为3d-4f单分子磁体的发展奠定一定的基础。Nickel(II) ions possess electronic configuration of 3d8. In an octahedral field, they tend to adopt a high-spin, exhibiting paramagnetism, whereas in a square-planar field, they typically adopt a low- spin, manifesting as diamagnetism. Ni(II)can engage in ferromagnetic coupling with lanthanide ions having electronic configurations of f7-f11, such as dysprosium(III). Additionally, the second-order orbital angular momentum within Nickel(II) ions can provide substantial zero-field splitting parameters, implying the potential for significant magnetic anisotropy. Therefore, this paper reviews the typical nickel-rare earth single molecule magnets in recent years, in order to lay a certain foundation for the development of 3d-4f single molecule magnets.
文摘在Co(II)离子中,d轨道上总共有7个电子,其中3个为不成对电子。由于它的轨道角动量未淬灭且自旋轨道耦合相对较强,CoⅡ表现出明显的磁各向异性,使其成为磁性材料中优良且稳定的自旋载体。同时,CoⅡ容易氧化为CoⅢ,在配位环境中通常表现出抗磁性行为。这一特性在3d-4f单分子磁体(SMMs)中被用作磁稀释剂,有效抑制QTM。研究人员利用这些特性合成了许多钴–稀土(Co-Ln)SMMs。因此,本文通过对近年来典型的钴–稀土单分子磁体进行综述,以期为3d-4f单分子磁体的发展奠定一定的基础。In the Co (II) ion, there are a total of 7 electrons present in the d orbitals, including 3 unpaired electrons. Due to its unquenched orbital angular momentum and relatively strong spin-orbit coupling, CoⅡ exhibits significant magnetic anisotropy, making it an excellent and stable spin carrier within magnetic materials. Simultaneously, CoⅡ readily undergoes oxidation to CoⅢ, which often exhibits diamagnetic behavior in coordination environments. This property is harnessed in 3d-4f single molecule magnets (SMMs)to serve as a magnetic diluter, effectively suppressing QTM. Researchers have exploited these characteristics to synthesize numerous Co-Ln SMMs.
文摘铬(III)具有[Ar] 3d3的电子构型,属于d3离子类别。在八面体配位环境中,它简并的t2g轨道上只能容纳三个电子,这会使Jahn-Teller效应减弱。因此,该离子显示出相对较弱的磁各向异性,这也导致了关于利用铬(III)作为中心离子的单分子磁体(SMM)的研究报告十分缺乏。因此,本文通过对近年来典型的铬–稀土单分子磁体进行综述,以期为3d-4f单分子磁体的发展奠定一定的基础。Chromium(III) has an electronic configuration of [Ar] 3d3 and belongs to the d3 ion category. In an octahedral coordination environment, its degenerate t2g orbital can only accommodate three electrons, which weakens the Jahn Teller effect. Therefore, the ion exhibits relatively weak magnetic anisotropy, which also leads to a lack of research reports on single molecule magnets (SMMs) using chromium(III) as the central ion. This article reviews typical chromium lanthanide based single molecule magnets in recent years, in order to lay a certain foundation for the development of 3d-4f single molecule magnets.
文摘在3d-4f类型中的单分子磁体里,铜通常以二价的形式存在,并且它的特征电子构型为3d9,因此被认为是顺磁中心。在八面体配位环境中,CuII的d层轨道分裂成了t2g6eg3,这就导致了CuII中会出现Jahn-Teller效应。结合这些特性,CuII会表现出中等的磁各向异性,因此通常被认为是各向同性离子。然而,由于其灵活的配位性,以及它会与4f金属形成强铁磁耦合的能力,Cu-Ln SMMs仍然是研究的焦点。In 3d-4f SMMs, copper is typically present in the CuⅡ form, characterized by 3d9 electron configuration, and is thus commonly regarded as paramagnetic center. In octahedral coordination environment, the d orbitals of CuⅡ split into t2g6eg3, leading to the occurrence of the Jahn-Teller effect in CuⅡ. Combining these characteristics, CuⅡ exhibits moderate magnetic anisotropy, and thus is often regarded as isotropic ion. However, due to its flexible coordination, along with its ability to form strong ferromagnetic couplings with 4f metals, Cu-Ln SMMs have remained the focal point of research.
