基于汉宁双窗apFFT单谱线插值的电力谐波和间谐波检测算法

当利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)对电力谐波或间谐波进行处理时,实际频率与频率分辨率不一定是整数倍关系,由此造成频谱泄漏,影响谐波或间谐波参数的估计精度。针对此问题,提出了一种基于汉宁双窗全相位FFT离散单谱线插值的频谱校正算法。算法的原理是:利用理论频率点附近的旁谱线幅值和主谱线幅值的比值,推导出各频率点的校正量。然后,根据估计出的频率校正量,并结合全相位FFT的线性时不变性(LTI)以及汉宁窗的归一化模函数估计出信号的幅值。由于全相位FFT的相位谱与频偏无关,因此可以取频率点处的主谱线相位值来估计信号的初相位。仿真算例对比表明:汉宁双窗apFFT单谱线插值频谱校正算法估计的谐波和间谐波参数更准确,综合误差更小,具有较强的抗白噪声干扰能力。

非均匀热气体红外辐射特性计算与仿真

非均匀热气体由于内部空间点的温度、密度、组分及压力各不相同,其红外辐射特性的计算十分困难。为了计算非均匀热气体的红外辐射特性,首先从分析非均匀热气体特点和均匀热气体的谱带模型出发,以原子分子辐射理论为基础,结合谱线的碰撞展宽效应和多普勒展宽效应,利用单谱带模型Curtis-Godson(C-G)近似法对非均匀热气体谱带模型所用到的谱带模型参数进行了计算,提出一种计算非均匀热气体红外辐射特性的方法。最后,应用此方法计算了某单发动机喷气式飞机在非加力状态下尾焰3～5μm的红外辐射强度,计算结果与文献中给出的实际测量的尾焰红外辐射数据能较好地吻合,计算仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性。

我国股市与经济周期互动关系的谱分析

在成熟资本市场上,股市周期和经济周期存在较强的相关关系。利用谱分析法进行实证研究,发现我国股市和经济周期的波动表现形式较为复杂,在主周期波动过程中又嵌套多个次波动周期,并且股市和经济周期的主波动周期长度也并不一致,仅在次波动周期长度上存在一定的相似性。从长期看,股市周期领先于经济周期16个月;从短期看,股市周期要滞后经济周期约2个月,这与西方成熟市场不完全吻合。造成这一现象有多方面的原因,应通过相应的政策手段加以改善。

A novel method for integrating chromatographic fingerprint analytical units of Chinese materia medica:the matching frequency statistical moment method

Objective To facilitate the quality evaluation suitable for the unique characteristics of Chinese materia medica(CMM)by developing and implementing a novel approach known as the matching frequency statistical moment(MFSM)method.Methods This study established the MFSM method.To demonstrate its effectiveness,we applied this novel approach to analyze Danxi Granules(丹膝颗粒,DXG)and its constituent herbal materials.To begin with,the ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was applied to obtain the chromatographic fingerprints of DXG and its constituent herbal materi-als.Next,the MFSM was leveraged to compress and integrate them into a new fingerprint with fewer analytical units.Then,we characterized the properties and variability of both the original and integrated fingerprints by calculating total quantum statistical moment(TQSM)parameters,information entropy and information amount,along with their relative standard deviation(RSD).Finally,we compared the TQSM parameters,information entropy and infor-mation amount,and their RSD between the traditional and novel fingerprints to validate the new analytical method.Results The chromatographic peaks of DXG and its 12 raw herbal materials were divided and integrated into peak families by the MFSM method.Before integration,the ranges of the peak number,three TQSM parameters,information entropy and information amount for each peak or peak family of UPLC fingerprints of DXG and its 12 raw herbal materials were 95.07−209.73,9390−183064μv·s,5.928−21.33 min,22.62−106.69 min^(2),4.230−6.539,and 50530−974186μv·s,respectively.After integration,the ranges of these parameters were 10.00−88.00,9390−183064μv·s,5.951−22.02 min,22.27−104.73 min^(2),2.223−5.277,and 38159−807200μv·s,respectively.Correspondingly,the RSD of all the aforementioned pa-rameters before integration were 2.12%−9.15%,6.04%−49.78%,1.15%−23.10%,3.97%−25.79%,1.49%−19.86%,and 6.64%−51.20%,respectively.However,after integration,they changed to 0.00%,6.04%−49.87%,1.73%−23.02%,3.84%−26.85%,1.17%−16.54%,and 6.40%−48.59%,respectively.The results demonstrated that in the newly integrated fingerprint,the analytical units of constituent herbal materials,information entropy and information amount were significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the TQSM parameters remained unchanged(P>0.05).Additionally,the RSD of the TQSM parameters,information entropy,and information amount didn’t show significant difference before and after integration(P>0.05),but the RSD of the number and area of the integrated analytical units significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion The MFSM method could reduce the analytical units of constituent herbal mate-rials while maintain the properties and variability from their original fingerprint.Thus,it could serve as a feasible and reliable tool to reduce difficulties in analyzing multi-compo-nents within CMMs and facilitating the evaluation of their quality.

基于改进FFT的合并单元计量性能校验算法研究

采用常规FFT算法作为合并单元计量性能校验仪的算法时,由于频谱泄漏和栅栏效应,比差和相差不满足0.05级的准确度要求。针对这一问题,在常规FFT的基础上,提出了加Hanning窗的单谱线插值FFT算法和加Blackman窗的双谱线插值FFT算法这两种改进FFT算法,在LabVIEW平台上对这两种算法和常规FFT算法进行仿真比较,仿真结果表明,加Blackman窗的双谱线插值FFT算法的计算准确度最高,更适合用于合并单元计量性能校验。最后在国家高压计量站对合并单元计量性能校验仪进行了校准试验,测试数据表明校验仪满足0.05级准确度要求,从而验证了加Blackman窗的双谱线插值FFT算法的有效性和可行性。

基于MATLAB的简正模正常谱峰分裂计算

基于MINEOS软件、MATLAB的ode45工具箱和样条插值函数interp1,设计计算简正模正常谱峰分裂的接口。采用静力水准重力势能J2、J4系数计算地球椭率一阶、二阶项,考虑PREM和1066A两种起始模型,计算0S2模态的正常谱峰分裂参数和单谱频率,并与Dahlen的结果比较,证明了MATLAB接口的正确性。研究发现,椭率二阶项对简正模谱峰分裂参数影响较小,对单谱频率影响可忽略。最后以0S2为例,计算其耦合矩阵,评估耦合强度,为谱峰分裂函数反演地球内部密度结构奠定基础。

改进FFT 的合并单元计量性能校验算法分析

如果采用传统的FFT算法作为机组计量性能校准的聚合算法,则由于频谱泄漏的影响而产生的比值差和差值不符合0.05 级精度这个。提出了两种FFT算法来解决这一问题,基于传统T窗的谱插值FFT算法和双谱插值FFT算法Blackman窗,指出双谱插值FFT算法Blackman窗是计算精度最高的,更适合应用。测试数据表明,该标定装置满足0.05 级精度要求,验证了黑窗FFT算法的有效性和可行性。

Dielectric Properties of Self-assembled Monolayers of Dithiols

Dielectric properties of dithiol self-assemble monolayers （SAMs） under ac electric field were presented, Using a Hg-SAM/SAM-Ⅱg junction, the ac impedances of dithiol SAMs were measured using a sinusoidal perturbation of 30 mV （peak to-peak） with the frequency ranging from 1 Hz to 1 MHz at zero bias. The contributions from dithiol SAMs and solvent interlayers were separated due to their different behaviors at ac impedance. The peak position in the loss spectra （the plot; of tgδ vs. frequency） moves to low frequcney with the incrcase of chain length of dithiols. Using a correlation of peak position with the chain length, the active energies of 23-39 meV for dithiol SAMs of C6-C10 under an ac electric field were derived,

Raman spectra of single cell from gastrointestinal cancer patients

AIM: To explore the difference between cancer cells and normal cells, we investigated the Raman spectra of singlecells from gastrointestinal cancer patients. METHODS: All samples were obtained from 30 diagnosed as gastrointestinal cancer patients. The flesh tumor specimen is located in the center of tumor tissue, while the normal ones were 5 cm away from the outside tumor section. The imprint was put under the microscope and a single cell was chosen for Raman measurement. All spectra were collected at confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (British Renishaw) with NIR 780 nm laser.RESULTS: We measured the Raman spectra of several cells from gastrointestinal cancer patients. The result shows that there exists the strong line at 1 002/cm with less half-width assigned to the phenylalanine in several cells. The Raman lines of white cell were lower and less, while those of red cell were not only higher in intensity and more abundant, but also had a parti cular C-N breathing stretching band of pyrrole ring at 1 620-1 540/cm. The line at 1 084/cm assigned to phosphate backbone of DNA became obviously weaker in cancer cell. The Raman spectra of stomach cancer cells were similar to those of normal cells, but the Raman intensity of cancer cells was much lower than that of normal cells, and even some lines disappear. The lines of enteric cancer cells became weaker than spectra above and many lines disappeared, and the cancer cells in different position had different fluorescence intensity.CONCLUSION: The Raman spectra of several cells from cancer patients show that the structural changes of cancer cells happen and many bonds rupture so that the biological function of cells are lost. The results indicate that Raman spectra can offer the experiment basis for the cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Relations Between Red Edge Characteristics and Agronomic Parameters of Crops

The hyperspectral reflectance of the canopy and the leaves on the main stemfor six varieties, two each of rice corn, and cotton crops, were measured at different growth stageswith an ASD FieldSpec Pro FR^(TM) to analyze red edge characteristics forleaf area indices (LAI),aboveground biomass, as well as the chlorophyll, carotenoid, and nitrogen content, emphasizingcomparative differences on the red edge parameters. The results showed a 'double peak' phenomenonfor the red edge of the canopy spectra but not for the leaves. There were 'increase' and 'decrease'change rules for the red edge position, lambda_r, the red edge slope, D lambda_r, and the red edgearea, S_r, of the canopy spectra for all 3 crops with a 'blue shift' for lambda_r of the leafspectra for all 3 crops as the development stages progressed. For rice, corn, and cotton the LAI andfresh leaf mass had highly significant correlations (P < 0.01) to the red edge parameters lambda_r,D lambda_r, and S_r of their canopy spectra. Additionally, for all crops the chlorophyll-a,chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content of the leaves all had highly significant (P< 0.01) correlations to their lambda_r. For rice, the nitrogen content of the leaves in g kg^(-1)and phytomassfor a unit area of land in g m^(-2) also had a highly significant (P < 0.01)correlation to lambda_r, D lambda_r lambda_r, and S_r of the canopy spectra.

An Improved Singularity Computing Algorithm Based on Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima Method

In order to reduce the hidden danger of noise which can be charactered by singularity spectrum, a new algorithm based on wavelet transform modulus maxima method was proposed. Singularity analysis is one of the most promising new approaches for extracting noise hidden information from noisy time series . Because of singularity strength is hard to calculate accurately, a wavelet transform modulus maxima method was used to get singularity spectrum. The singularity spectrum of white noise and aluminium interconnection electromigration noise was calculated and analyzed. The experimental results show that the new algorithm is more accurate than tradition estimating algorithm. The proposed method is feasible and efficient.

Direct Vibrational Energy Transfer in Monomeric Water Probed with Ultrafast Two Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy

Vibrational relaxation dynamics of monomeric water molecule dissolved in d-chloroform solution were revisited using the two dimensional Infrared （2D IR） spectroscopy. The vibrational lifetime of OH bending in monomeric water shows a bi-exponential decay. The fast compo- nent （T1=（1.2±0.1） ps） is caused by the rapid population equilibration between the vibrational modes of the monomeric water molecule. The slow component （T2=（26.4±0.2） ps） is mainly caused by the vibrational population decay of OH bending mode. The reorientation of the OH bending in monomeric water is determined with a time constant of t=（1.2±0.1） ps which is much faster than the rotational dynamics of water molecules in the bulk solution. Furthermore, we are able to reveal the direct vibrational energy transfer from OH stretching to OH bending in monomeric water dissolved in d-chloroform for the first time. The vibrational coupling and relative orientation of transition dipole moment between OH bending and stretching that effect their intra-molecular vibrational energy transfer rates are discussed in detail.

Improvement of Mono-window Algorithm for Retrieving Land Surface Temperature from HJ-1B Satellite Data

The thermal infrared channel (IRS4) of HJ-1B satellite obtains view zenith angles (VZA) up to ±33°. The view angle should be taken into account when retrieving land surface temperature (LST) from IRS4 data. This study aims at improving the mono-window algorithm for retrieving LST from IRS4 data. Based on atmospheric radiative transfer simulations,a model for correcting the VZA effects on atmospheric transmittance is proposed. In addition,a generalized model for calculating the effective mean atmospheric temperature is developed. Validation with the simulated dataset based on standard atmospheric profiles reveals that the improved mono-window algorithm for IRS4 obtains high accuracy for LST retrieval,with the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) being 1.0 K and 1.1 K,respectively. Numerical experiment with the radiosonde profile acquired in Beijing in winter demonstrates that the improved mono-window algorithm exhibits excellent ability for LST retrieval,with MAE and RMSE being 0.6 K and 0.6 K,respectively. Further application in Qinghai Lake and comparison with the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST product suggest that the improved mono-window algorithm is applicable and feasible in actual conditions.

A new reaction system to determine nonlinear chemical fingerprint and its use in Panax ginseng identification method based on double reaction system

A new reaction system to determine nonlinear chemical fingerprint(NCF)and its use in identification method based on double reaction system was researched.Panax ginsengs,such as ginseng,American ginseng and notoginseng were identified by the method.The NCFs of the three samples of Panax ginsengs were determined through two nonlinear chemical systems,namely system 1 consisting of sample components,H2SO4,MnSO4,NaBrO3,acetone and the new system,system 2 consisting of sample components,H2SO4,(NH4)4Ce(SO4)2,NaBrO3 and citric acid.The comparison between the results determined through systems 1 and 2 shows that the speed to determine NCF through system 2 is much faster than that through system 1;for systems 1 and 2,the system similarities of the same kind of samples are≥98.09%and 99.78%,respectively,while those of different kinds of samples are≤63.04%and 86.34%,respectively.The results to identify the kinds of some samples by system similarity pattern show that both the accuracies of identification methods based on single system 1 and 2 are≥95.6%,and the average values are 97.1%and 96.3%,respectively;the accuracy of the method based on double system is≥97.8%,and the average accuracy is 99.3%.The accuracy of the method based on double system is higher than that based on any single system.

Effect of Initial Frequency Chirp on Supercontinuum Generation in Dispersion-flattened Fibers

Supercontinuum generation in dispersion-flattened fibers is studied theoretically. It is found that the flat spectral width of the supereontinuum generation in normal dispersion-flattened fiber can be increased from 66 nm to over 100 nm when the absolute value of the initial frequency chirps is increased from zero to 10. It is further found that initial frequency chirps are adverse to flat and wideband supercontinuum generation in anomalous dispersion-flattened fiber, and when the absolute value of the frequency chirps is increased to a certain degree, supercontinuum spectrum even can not be achieved.

Analysis of the monosaccharide composition of fucoidan by precolumn derivation HPLC

We developed an HPLC method for analysis of the monosaccharide composition of fucoidans. The fucoidan was hydrolyzed into monosaccharides with 2 mol/L trifluoroacetic acid. Using ribose as the internal standard, the monosaecharide derivatives, obtained with 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5- pyrazolone （PMP）, were separated by reverse-phase HPLC using a gradient elution process, and monitored by ultraviolet detection at 245 nm. In the concentration range of 0.1-2.0 mmol/L, the peak area of each monosaccharide had a good linear relationship with its concentration （r^2〉0.998）. The average recoveries of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, and fucose were 86.2%, 95.1%, 62.5%, 102.0%, 94.8%, 66.6%, and 105.1%, respectively. This method was accurate and had good reproducibility and could be used to determine the monosaccharide contents of fucoidans.

FORECASTING THE MJO INDEX BASED ON SSA-AR

Experiments of forecasting daily bi-variate index of the tropical atmospheric Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) are performed in the context of adaptive filtering prediction models by combining the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) with the autoregressive (AR) methods.the MJO index,a pair of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) time series,called RMM1 and RMM2,predicts by the combined statistical SSA and AR models:firstly,according to the index of historic observation decomposed by SSA and then reconstructed by selecting the first several components based on prominent variance contributions;after that,established an AR prediction model from the composite (scheme A) or built the forecast models for each of these selected reconstructed components,separately (Scheme B).Several experimental MJO index forecasts are performed based on the models.The results show that both models have useful skills of the MJO index forecast beyond two weeks.In some cases,the correlation coefficient between the observed and predicted index series stays above 0.5 in 20 leading days.The SSA-AR model,based on the reconstructed composite series,has better performance on MJO forecast than the AR model,especially for the leading time longer than 5 days.Therefore,if we build a real-time forecast system by the SSA-AR model,it might provide an applicable tool for the operational prediction of the MJO index.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERANNUAL VARIATION OF MERIDIONAL WIND ANOMALIES IN TROPICAL PACIFIC AND SSTA

The Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) method is used to conduct studies of periodicity of the SST and meridional winds in tropical Pacific Ocean. The results show that the air-sea system for the Pacific varies on quasi-4-year, quasi-2-year and interannual scales, with the quasi-4-year scale having the highest variability. Depending on the scale, the wind field has a varying degree of association with the SST anomalies. Difference is also found in the evolution of phase. In addition, the work discusses the difference in SSTA resulted from wind fields for quasi-4-year and quasi-2-year components.

Adsorption Reaction Dynamics of Systems Lysozyme and Nanodiamond/Nanosilica at pH=7-13

Adsorption reactions between surfaces of nanodiamond and nanosilica with diameter of 100 nm prepared as suspension solutions of 0.25μg/μL and lysozyme molecule with different concentrations of 7 mmol/L PPBS at pH=7, 9, 11, and 13 have been investigated by fluores- cence spectroscopy. Adsorption reaction constants and coverages of lysozyme with different concentrations of 0-1000 nmol/L under the influences of different pH values have been ob- tained. Helicities and conformations of the adsorbed lysozyme molecules, free spaces of every adsorbed lysozyme molecule on the surfaces of nanopartieles at different concentrations and pH values have been deduced and discussed. The highest adsorption capabilities for both sys- tems and conformational efficiency of the adsorbed lysozyme molecule at pH=13 have been obtained. Lysozyme molecules can be prepared, adsorbed and carried with optimal activity and helicity, with 2 and 10 mg/m2 on unit nanosurface, 130 and 150 mg/g with respect to the weight of nanoparticle, within the linear regions of the coverages at around 150-250 nmol/L and four pH values for nanodiamond and nanosilica, respectively. They can be prepared in the tightest packed form, with 20 and 55 mg/m2, 810-1680 and 580-1100 mg/g at threshold concentrations and four pH values for nanodiamond and nanosilica, respectively.

Chitosan Extends the Shelf-life of Filleted Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) During Refrigerated Storage

Shelf-life extension of aquatic products is of significant economical importance. To determine the potential effect of chitosan on the shelf-life of filleted tilapia, this study analyzed the bacterial community diversity in fresh and spoiled tilapia fillets stored at (4 ± 1)℃ and examined the antimicrobial activity of chitosan against relevant bacteria isolates. Results showed that Pseudomonas (20%) and Aeromonas (16%) were abundant in fresh tilapia fillets, whereas Pseudomonas (52%), Aeromonas (32%) and Staphylococcus (12%) were dominant in the spoiled samples. Chitosan showed wide-spectrum antibacterial activity against bacteria isolated from tilapia and 5.0 g L-1 chitosan was selected for application in preservation. We further determined the shelf-life of chitosan-treated, filleted tilapia stored at (4 ± 1)℃ based on microbiological, biochemical and sensory analyses. Results showed that the shelf-life of chitosan-treated, filleted tilapia was extended to 12 d, whereas that of untreated, control samples was 6 d. These indicate that chitosan, as a natural preservative, has great application potential in the shelf-life extension of tilapia fillets.