代理出口业务内部控制资金问题研究——基于南北系统

2002年7月布什政府出台《萨班斯——奥克斯利法案》,这一举措使内部控制信息披露问题得到肯定。2006年上海和深圳证券交易所先后颁布的《上市公司内部控制指引》,被一些媒体称为中国版"SOX法"。2008年金融危机,部分外贸企业资金链断裂,资金管理出现问题导致企业破产。因此我国应加强对内部控制方面的重视,尤其关注作为内部控制的重点——内部资金控制使资金管理和业务管理紧密结合,相互促进,内部资金控制在支撑业务发展的同时,业务良性循环反过来提升资金的管理效率。本文将基于南北系统从传统模式和影响因素等方面对代理出口业务内部控制资金问题进行进一步分析研究,找出问题并寻求有效的改进方法。

青藏高原东缘南北向河流系统及其伴生古堰塞湖研究

文章提出了青藏高原东缘南北向河流系统的概念,该系统包括岷江、青衣江、大渡河、鲜水河、雅砻江等总体呈现南北走向的河段,指出南北向河流系统的形成演化具有构造和气候双重意义。晚更新世以来,南北向河流系统发生多次堵江事件,形成数套堰塞湖沉积。选取岷江上游、青衣江上游、大渡河上游3个古堰塞湖进行沉积、构造及年代学研究。结果表明,岷江上游叠溪一带于71ka左右发生了大面积堵江事件,形成了上游长约30km的堰塞湖,堰塞坝位于叠溪以南的下游河谷,沿江分布约10km;该堰塞湖持续了60ka,于11ka左右彻底溃坝。青衣江上游五龙乡古堰塞湖85ka前形成,35ka前溃坝,规模不详。大渡河上游开绕村古堰塞湖长于5km,堵江时间不明,20～17ka间溃坝,堰塞坝位于色玉村一带。依据这些古堰塞湖的沉积,构造,关键层位光释光测年数据,结合前人研究成果,划分出青藏高原东缘晚更新世中、晚期存在85～70ka,43～30ka和20～10ka的3个构造活跃期,可对应于青藏高原古里雅冰芯δ^(18)O曲线体现出的C_(1),C_(3)和C_(4)的3次气候冷暖转变期。指出大规模堵江事件是快速的能量物质转化过程,地震释放强大内能,气候因素使得物质得以积累,深切河谷是堵江的有利场所。构造-气候耦合促使大型洪积扇发育、大规模堵江事件发生,进而改变河流动力、塑造河谷地貌。

柴西地区近南北向构造系统及其控油作用分析

通过分析柴达木盆地西部地区中生界残余厚度变化规律、新生代沉积相分布规律及平面形态特征等 ,认为柴西地区近南北向构造形成于前新生代 ,新生代以来在近南北向挤压区域构造应力场作用下 ,北西西向和近南北向构造成为统一构造系统。第三纪近南北向断裂活动以汇聚型右行走滑方式为主 ,形成近南北向走滑构造和近南北向构造变换带 ,作为深部边界约束条件而影响着第三系变形。近南北向构造对柴西地区油气成藏起重要作用 ,已发现油田与其关系密切。近南北向走滑带发育地区是寻找第三系优质裂缝性油气藏的主要地区。图 5参

重旱背景下山西春季一次异常暴雨过程分析

本文利用高空、地面观测资料及物理量场，对山西春季一次重旱背景下的异常暴雨过程进行了分析。结果表明，高空南北两支低值系统相互作用是这次过程的预报着眼点，两支低值系统在山西发生同位相叠加，其前方的西南气流合并加强，导致对流层中低层西南急流加强，上升运动加剧，为暴雨的发生提供了必要的环流条件。海平面气压场的分析表明，地面东西路冷空气的交替影响也是山西出现持续性降水的原因。物理量场的分析表明，降水落区与水汽通量、水汽通量散度、θse的大值区有较好的对应关系。

Nitrogen Deposition and Its Spatial Pattern in Main Forest Ecosystems along North-South Transect of Eastern China

A continuous three-year observation(from May 2008 to April 2011)was conducted to characterize the spatial variation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)deposition at eight main forest ecosystems along the north-south transect of eastern China(NSTEC).The results show that both throughfall DIN deposition and bulk DIN deposition increase from north to south along the NSTEC.Throughfall DIN deposition varies greatly from 2.7 kg N/(ha·yr)to 33.0 kg N/(ha·yr),with an average of 10.6 kg N/(ha·yr),and bulk DIN deposition ranges from 4.1 kg N/(ha·yr)to 25.4 kg N/(ha·yr),with an average of 9.8 kg N/(ha·yr).NH4+-N is the dominant form of DIN deposition at most sampling sites.Additionally,the spatial variation of DIN deposition is controlled mainly by precipitation.Moreover,in the northern part of the NSTEC,bulk DIN deposition is 17%higher than throughfall DIN deposition,whereas the trend is opposite in the southern part of the NSTEC.The results demonstrate that DIN deposition would likely threaten the forest ecosystems along the NSTEC,compared with the critical loads(CL)of N deposition,and DIN deposition in this region is mostly controlled by agricultural activities rather than industrial activities or transportation.

System identification of channel roughness for Mid-Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion

This paper presents a new method for the system identification of the channel roughness for the water diversion projects. According to the principle of hydraulics,the function relationship among channel roughness n, roughness height k s and hydraulic radius R is established,and then a linear model is deduced by means of the mathematical transformation to make use of the least square method for identification. Finally,based on the prototype observation data from the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and considering the influence of channel lengths,cross-section shapes and bottom slopes,etc,a universal formula is obtained for calculation of channel roughness by the system identification.

中国中古政治史研究的新收获——汪征鲁著《魏晋南北朝选官体制(系统)研究》综评

一 汪征鲁先生《魏晋南北朝选官体制（系统）研究》（以下简称汪书）一书是以系统论作其骨架。系统论的优点是重视宏观，在时间上采取较长的段落，以观察长时间的演变轨迹；在内容上顾及多项因素，及因素间的关连，

Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layers Associated with Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea in 1998

The variations of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) associated with the South China Sea Summer Monsoon were examined using the Global Positioning System (GPS) sounding datasets obtained four times daily during May-June 1998 on board Research Vessels Kexue 1 and Shiyan 3. The MABL height is defined as the height at the lowest level where virtual potential temperature increases by 1 K from the surface. The results indicate that the MABL height decreased over the northern South China Sea (SCS) and remained the same over the southern SCS, as sea surface temperature (SST) fell for the northern and rose for the southern SCS after the monsoon onset. Over the northern SCS, a decrease in both the SST and the surface latent-heat flux after the onset resulted in a reduction of the MABL height as well as a decoupling of MABL from clouds. It was found that MABL height reduction corresponded to rainfall occurrence. Over the southern SCS, a probable reason for the constant increase of SST and surface heat flux was the rainfall and internal atmospheric dynamics.

Interplay Factors Involved in the Inadequate Performance of Four Activated Sludge Systems in Northern Gauteng-South Africa

A recent study conducted on the four activated systems serving the surrounding communities in the Northern Gauteng revealed the failure of three of these wastewater treatment plants to remove enteric pathogenic bacteria and protozoan parasites such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp. To determine the factors involved in the inadequate performance of the plants, the following parameters were considered： the design characteristic of the plants, the microbiological structure and the physical characteristics of the plants. The results revealed that higher than optimal influent loadings and inadequate aeration systems, observed in Baviaanspoort, Refilwe and Rayton Water Care Works （WCW） increased the composition of filamentous bacteria in flocs and decreased the diversity of protozoan species in the sludge. Sequentially, these resulted in the poor settling properties of the sludge at these plants. However, Zeekoegat WCW showed optimum influent loads and adequate aeration systems. This maintained balance in the microbial community, resulting in good clarification of the sludge.

滑坡型堰塞湖形成与保留条件分析——基于文献总结和青藏高原东缘南北向深切河谷研究

在青藏高原东缘的南北向深切河谷内发育大量大型的、可保留万年甚至数万年的古堰塞湖沉积.是什么原因促使这些古堰塞湖形成和长久保留呢？本文从构造、气候、堰塞湖结构、构造等方面探讨了该问题.从构造地貌角度来看,青藏高原向东的构造挤出作用控制了其东缘特殊的南北向河流系统.该系统流经区域具有频发的地震和复杂的深切河谷地貌,是形成大型堰塞湖的有利位置.当堰塞湖形成后,其体积、集水区面积、堰塞坝的高度、长度、内部结构均影响着堰塞湖的稳定性.大型的、串珠状堰塞湖构成大型的、连续的“阶梯-深潭”系统,形成重要的河流裂点,有效的消耗了水流动能,延缓堰塞湖的损坏.从气候角度来看,四万年以来气候变化与堰塞湖的形成及保留关系密切.40～25ka的间冰阶降雨丰富、高原湖面升高、河流卸载能力较强.这一时期丰富的降雨和河流深切作用易引起滑坡和堵塞事件.25～15ka的冰期,河流卸载能力减弱而堆积能力增强,有利于堰塞湖的保存.全新世以来,气候变暖伴随着冰川融化与河流卸载能力增强,促使早期堰塞湖发生快速消亡.从堰塞坝的组成来看,地震引起的滑坡和岩崩是堰塞坝重要物质来源,可形成良好而坚固的堰塞坝体.其受到流水切割易出现窄深型溃口,使得湖相地层以阶地形式保留下来.最后,本文从地球系统的角度谨慎的探讨了堰塞湖这一特殊地表剥蚀-沉积过程所蕴含的构造-气候耦合的意义.

Controlling factors on the submarine canyon system: A case study of the Central Canyon System in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

Based on an integrated analysis of high-resolution 2D/3D seismic data and drilling results, this study analyzes the tectonic- sedimentary evolution of the Qiongdongnan Basin （QDNB） since the late Miocene, and discusses the controlling factors on the formation and development of the Central Canyon System （CCS）. The sediment failures caused by the relative sea level falling might have discharged deposits from the slope to the canyon. The two suits of the infillings, i.e., turbidites and mass transport complex （MTC）, were derived from the northwestern source and northern source, respectively. The sediment supplies, which differ significantly among different areas, might have led to the variations observed in the internal architectures. Tectonic transformation around 11.6 Ma had provided the tectonic setting for the CCS and formed an axial sub-basin in the central part of the Changchang Depression, which could be called the rudiment of the CCS. The tectonic activity of the Red River Fault （RRF） at about 5.7 Ma might have strengthened the hydrodynamics of the deposits at the junction of the Yinggehal Basin （YGHB） and the QDNB to trigger a high-energy turbidity current. The MTC from the northern continental slope system might have been constrained by the Southern Uplift, functioning as a barrier for the infillings of the CCS. Thanks to a sufficient sediment supply during the Holocene period and the paleo-seafloor morphology, the relief of modern central canyon with the starving landform in the eastern Changchang Depression might have been accentuated by deposition of sediments and vertical growth along the canyon flanks, where collapse deposits were widely developed. Corresponding to the segmentation of the CCS, the forming mechanisms of the canyon between the three segments would be different. The turbidite channel in the head area had likely been triggered by the abundant sediment supply from the northwestern source together with the fault activity at about 5.7 Ma of the RRF. The formation and evolution of the canyon in the western segment were caused by combined effects of the turbidite channel from the northwestern source, the MTC from the northern continental slope, and the paleo-seafloor geomorphology. In the eastern segment, the canyon was constrained by the tectonic transformation occurring at approximately 11.6 Ma and the insufficient sediment supply from the wide-gentle slope.

Study on integrated calculation of ecological water demand for basin system

The operation of reservoir(s) has a certain impact on the downstream hydrologic regime,and even endangers the ecological water safety of river corridor and ecosystems which interact with river system.Therefore,ecological operation needs to be carried out in order to ensure ecological water use of downstream zone.The key technological support is the estimation and integrated calculation of ecological water demand.The connotation of the integrated calculation on ecological water demand lies on that the ecological water demand of different ecosystems is integrated to meet the requirements of water allocation and operation on watershed scale in terms of hydrological cycle.Considering the practical requirement of ecological operation of reservoir(s),this study proposed an integrated calculation approach of ecological water demand according to the ecological water demand in various ecosystems as well as the hydraulic connection among them;it established an integrated calculation model of regional ecological water demand by means of the distributed hydrological model,and studied the integrated calculation in Yalong River basin which is the source area of the west route of South-North Water Transfer Project as an example.The results indicated that the integrated calculation model more effectively combined the ecological water demand and hydraulic connection of ecosystems in time and space,compared with the lumped water balance analysis,since the former conquered the defect of insufficient ecological water source and supplement on multiple spatial and temporal scales,and met the demand of ecological operation of reservoir(s).

Study of SAR imaging with COMPASS signal

A concept of space-surface bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SS-BSAR) passive imaging system is proposed,which is parasitic on the signal of COMPASS Navigation Satellite System (CNSS).The feasibility is demonstrated by analyzing the signal ambiguity function and the range resolution as well as the system topology.Due to the multiple peaks of signal in the auto-correlation function,a new correlation is used to remove the side-peaks.A double-channel receiver is employed to receive the direct satellite signal and the ground reflected signal.The direct signal is a reference signal in range compression,and may also be used for transmitter-receiver signal synchronization.The reflected signal is raw data collected for imaging.Then,a modified range-Doppler imaging algorithm is derived based on the system geometric models and BSAR imaging principle.The proposed algorithm is verified via signal simulation.The work in this paper is of great value to the further use of COMPASS signal,as well as other global navigation satellite signals in passive imaging.

文化积淀的无限张力——论《离骚》诗的文化背景

《离骚》诗的创作,其开拓与创新,承袭着怪异奇幻的神话传统和沉郁愤激的《诗经》风、雅怨剌诗的现实传统。荆楚汪洋恣肆的巫风,启迪着《离骚》诗人自我形象的丰富联想;中原理性精神的深邃,生发着《离骚》诗人自我形象的绚烂文采,显示着文化积淀的无限张力。