南北部偏远农村地区基本公共卫生服务实施情况调查

目的:了解中国南北部地理位置相对偏远的农村地区基本公共卫生服务的实施情况及存在的问题,为基本公共卫生服务均等化提供科学依据。方法:采用分层随机抽样的方法在中国近最南端的海南省东方市等地和近最北端的内蒙古满洲里市抽取农村居民进行问卷调查。结果:东方市等地和满洲里市1~10岁儿童基本公共卫生服务项目接受率范围为23.4%~81.9%,60岁以上老年人服务接受率范围为16.3%~65.5%,孕产妇服务接受率范围为29.1%~79.5%,慢性病管理服务接受率范围为2.4%~50.0%。结论:海南省东方市等地基本公共卫生服务接受情况优于内蒙古满洲里市,南北部偏远农村地区基本公共卫生服务整体水平有待加强,应从资金管理、人才队伍建设、法律保障、宣传力度等多个角度进行完善,以提高基本公共卫生服务实施效果。

差异与成因——侗族南北部方言区音乐文化比较研究

侗族是一个完整的民族族群,而侗族南、北部方言区的音乐文化几乎毫无共同之处,通过比较研究,其差异的成因:不同的文化源头;不同的自然环境;不同的生活习俗。

阴山南北部草原生态分区与草牧业发展对策

本文根据气候、地形、土壤、植被的地域分异规律,以草原类型为基础,综合考虑草原经营发展、草原利用培育措施等方面的一致性,对阴山南北部区域草原进行生态分区,并分析草原生态环境遭受的破坏程度,进行分类保护,同时明确草牧业发展方向,提出发展对策,为实现阴山南北部区域草原的可持续利用打基础。

以生态文明理念,积极探索内蒙古阴山南北部区域恢复草原路径

按照党的十八大提出的生态文明理念,针对内蒙古阴山南北部区域出现的生态环境问题,内蒙古和信园蒙草抗旱绿化股份有限公司在现有研发团队及技术的基础上,吸收国家级草原生态系统恢复方面的专家学者,创新产学研结合、集高新技术和成果为一体的机制,努力构建水、土、气,人、草、畜综合平衡健康的草原生态系统,探索内蒙古阴山南北部区域恢复草原的有效路径。

甘肃甘南北部金地球化学块体及资源潜力评价

笔者运用"地球化学块体"理论和方法,利用区域化探数据,对甘肃甘南北部地区金元素进行地球化学块体圈定与内部结构剖分。从研究局部异常转变为构建元素地球化学谱系树,追索各类矿床及子块体地质演化历史和浓集成矿的轨迹。分析区域成矿条件,开展资源潜力评价。

江西省南北部地区成人体质状况比较

采用整群分层随机抽样的方法对江西南北两地10个监测点20~59岁共11594名成人进行13项体质指标测试,调查比较江西南部与北部两地成年人体质状况,探讨不同区域成人体质的差距。结果:1)江西省北部成人身体形态优于南部成人,北部男性腰臀比与南部具有显著差异性,两地女性20~35岁年龄段体脂率偏低;2)江西省北部成人生理机能强于南部,机能指标总趋势随年龄增长而下降,且南部快于北部,男性大于女性;3)江西省成人身体素质基本上随着年龄的增长呈逐渐下降趋势,表现出衰老的自然规律,南部、北部和男、女衰减趋势有所不同,南部快于北部,女性大于男性。

浅析江苏南北饮食的异同

江苏作为我国东部沿海经济比较发达的省份,境内除少量丘陵山地外,多数是平原沃野、灌溉便利。其所辖内中南部地区以生产水稻为主,南部多养蚕桑,北部接近山东,多产小麦和杂粮。不同的自然条件、物产、历史文化等因素造成了江苏南北饮食的异同,本文对此进行了初步探究。

中国南北区域经济差异研究

本篇论文主要论述了我国开放以来,中国南北部地区之间的差异性,基本经济水平呈缩小的趋势,程度远远小于我国东西部地区的经济差异,而且绝对差异有明显的扩大趋势.我国南北部地区之间的经济水平总体来说已经经历了由弱到强的变化过程.在1993年之后,我国南北部地区的发展变化已趋于明显.基于我国南北部地区内部我们将之划分为六个区域,而这六个区域之间的变化经济,是导致我国南北部地区经济差异的变化的主要原因.

Distribution and composition of tintinnids ciliates in the northern South China Sea during summer

Tintinnids were enumerated and identified in samples collected from 36 stations between 18°-22°N, 107°-122 °E in the northern South China Sea （NSCS）. 44 species belonging to 24 genera of tintinnids were recorded. The dominant species were He/icostome/la /onga and Tintinnopsis radix. Tintinnids abundance ranged from 0 to 2 200 cell/L, and mean abundance was 221cell/L in the surface water. Tintinnids abundance and species numbers decreased from coast to offshore. Upwelling and Pearl River discharge influenced the distribution of tintinnids by regulating nutrients supply. Maximum abundance （2 200 cell/L） was found in the surface water of A1. Tintinnids abundance showed positive relationship with chlorophyll a （Chl a） concentration, and no significant relationship was found between tintinnids abundance and temperature.

The 3D magnetic structure beneath the continental margin of the northeastern South China Sea

Understanding the continental margin of the Northeastern South China Sea is critical to the study of deep structures, tectonic evolution, and dynamics of the region. One set of important data for this endeavor is the total-field magnetic data. Given the challenges associated with the magnetic data at low latitudes and with remanent magnetism in this area, we combine the equivalent-source technique and magnetic amplitude inversion to recover 3D subsurface magnetic structures. The inversion results show that this area is characterized by a north-south block division and east-west zonation. Magnetic regions strike in EW, NE and NW direction and are consistent with major tectonic trends in the region. The highly magnetic zone recovered from inversion in the continental margin differs visibly from that of the magnetically quiet zones to the south. The magnetic anomaly zone strikes in NE direction, covering an area of about 500 km × 60 km, and extending downward to a depth of 25 km or more. In combination with other geophysical data, we suggest that this strongly magnetic zone was produced by deep underplating of magma associated with plate subduction in Mesozoic period. The magnetically quiet zone in the south is an EW trending unit underlain by broad and gentle magnetic layers of lower crust. Its magnetic structure bears a clear resemblance to oceanic crust, assumed to be related to the presence of ancient oceanic crust there.

Vegetation Evolution in the Northern South China Sea Region Since 40 ka BP - An Attempt to Reconstruct Palaeovegetation Based on Biomization

Vegetation evolution in the northern South China Sea region since 40 500 a BP is reconstructed using biomization procedure based on pollen data from deep sea core 17940. The result shows that, it is feasible to reconstruct palaeovegetation using biomization procedure, when pollen, particularly Pinus pollen, transported by mind over long distance is excluded. Results from factor analysis suggest that humidity and temperature are the two main factors determining vegetation evolution on land around the northern South China Sea. From 40 500 a BP to 11 100 a BP, broad-leaved evergreen forest (WAMF), and montane conifers(MGRF) occurred on hills and low mountains; while steppe (STEP) predominated on the exposed shelf. The main feature of the vegetation evolution is the frequent alternation between MGRF (or WAMF) and STEP, implying abrupt changes in millennium scale between humid/cold and dry/temperate climate. All abrupt climate events could be broadly correlated with Henrich events and Dansggard-Oscherge events. One of the events around 12 700 a BP, sees the occurrence of MGRF, suggesting that climate turned humid and cold rapidly. This may be correlated with the Younger Dryas event; Broad-leaved evergreen (WAMF) predominates since 11 000 a BP. During the early Holocene and late Holocene tropical rainforest (TRFO) or tropical seasonal forest (TSFO) occurred several times.

Internal tides in the northern South China Sea from 20-day in-situ mooring observations in 1998

20-day in-situ ADCP current and CTD data are used to investigate the characteristics and energy of the internal tides in the northern South China Sea （NSCS）. The results show that the O1, K1, M2 and S2 constituents of internal tides are energetic and diurnal constituents （O1 and K1） are dominating. In the observational period, the current vectors of these four constituents all rotate clockwise and the maximum semi-major axe of internal tidal ellipses is more than 14 cm/s. The variation of ocean temperature shows that the internal tides present obvious quasi-diurnal oscillation and the average amplitude reaches 50 m. Furthermore, these internal tides carry high energy and appear to be intermittent. The maximum values of KE （PE） during the observational period are up to 2 （3.5） k J/m^2 for diurnal internal tides, and up to 1 （1.5） k J/m^2 for semidiurnal internal tides.

Development of Sedimentary Environment in the Northeastern South China Sea Since the Last Glacial Stage

Core D （21°23′02″N, 116°47′13″E, water depth 405 m） was sampled from the upper slope from the northeastern South China Sea （SCS） and applied to analyze the sedimentary environmental change in this sea area since the last glacial stage. The results of grain size analysis, diatom analysis and detrital mineral analysis were well matched. We divided the core D into two layers. The surface sand layer （0 - 2 cm） consisted of residual sediments, which might be originally the sediment in the late Pleistocene and later suffered from being transformed in the post glacial transgression. The lower layer （2 - 130 cm） was quite different from the surface one, which might mainly result from a neritic sedimentary environment in the last glacial stage. Two sedimentary cycles could be detected in the core D： regression during Marine isotope stage （MIS） 4 to transgression during MIS 3 and regression during MIS 2 to transgression during the post glacial.

Population parameters and dynamic pool models of commercial fishes in the Beibu Gulf, northern South China Sea

Length-frequency data of eight commercial fish species in the Beibu Gulf （Golf of Tonkin）, northern South China Sea, were collected during 2006-2007. Length-weight relationships and growth and mortality parameters were analyzed using FiSAT II software. Five species had isometric growth, two species had negative allometric growth, and one species had positive allometric growth. Overall, the exploitation rates of the eight species were lower in 2006 2007 than in 1997-1999： for four species （Saurida tumbil, Saurida undosquamis, Argyrosomus macrocephalus, and Nemipterus virgatus） it was lower in 2006-2007 than in 1997 1999, for two species （Parargyrops edita and Trichiurus haumela） it remained the same, and for the other two species （Trachurus japonicus and Decapterus maruadsi） it was higher in 2006~007 than in 1997-1999. The exploitation rates might have declined because of the decline in fishing intensity caused by high crude oil prices. The optimum exploitation rate, estimated using Beverton-Holt dynamic pool models, indicated that although fishes in the Beibu Gulf could sustain high exploitation rates, the under-size fishes at first capture resulted in low yields. To increase the yield per recruitment, it is more effective to increase the size at first capture than to control fishing effort.

Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layers Associated with Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea in 1998

The variations of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) associated with the South China Sea Summer Monsoon were examined using the Global Positioning System (GPS) sounding datasets obtained four times daily during May-June 1998 on board Research Vessels Kexue 1 and Shiyan 3. The MABL height is defined as the height at the lowest level where virtual potential temperature increases by 1 K from the surface. The results indicate that the MABL height decreased over the northern South China Sea (SCS) and remained the same over the southern SCS, as sea surface temperature (SST) fell for the northern and rose for the southern SCS after the monsoon onset. Over the northern SCS, a decrease in both the SST and the surface latent-heat flux after the onset resulted in a reduction of the MABL height as well as a decoupling of MABL from clouds. It was found that MABL height reduction corresponded to rainfall occurrence. Over the southern SCS, a probable reason for the constant increase of SST and surface heat flux was the rainfall and internal atmospheric dynamics.

Taxonomical notes on selected freshwater fish species described from northern and central Vietnam （Cypriniformes： Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Cyprinidae, Nemacheilidae; Perciformes： Channidae, Osphronemidae; Synbranchiformes： Mastacembelidae）

Selected,little known taxa of northern and central Vietnamese freshwater fish species are reviewed.Nomenclatural acts are taken:Hemibarbus lehoai is placed in synonymy of H.maculatus,Paracobitis hagiangensis in synonymy of Schistura caudofurca.A neotype of Micronemacheilus bacmeensis is assigned.The name Channa hanamensis is treated as a nomen nudum.Two labeonine species described from China are nomenclaturally affected:Garra findolabium is transferred to Vinagarra and its specific epithet is treated as a noun in apposition;the specific epithet of Sinigarra napoense is corrected to napoensis.

Observation of interactions between internal tides and near-inertial waves after typhoon passage in the northern South China Sea

During the observational period of our study, Typhoon Hagupit passed over the mooring site and induced strong near-inertial waves （NIWs）, which provided an opportunity to investigate the interactions between internal tides （ITs） and NIWs. Based on the mooring data, we compared the current spectra during the typhoon period and non-typhoon period in the northern South China Sea, and found that the high- frequency waves （fD1 and fD2） were evident during the former. Moreover, the observations of the current revealed that fD1 and fD2 occurred near the depth of strong vertical shear in the NlWs. In order to confirm the generation mechanism of fD1 and fD2, we compared the positions of strong vertical shear in the NIWs and strong vertical velocity in the ITs. It was established that the vertical shear of the horizontal current of the NIWs and the vertical current of the ITs contributed to the generation of fDt and fD2.

Currents and mixing in the northern South China Sea

We investigated the vertical distribution of current velocity data of the entire water column at a site on the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea(SCS) from August 4 to September 6,2007,and found that the characteristics of barotropic and baroclinic tides are mainly diurnal.During the observation period,we also estimated the mixing before and after the passage of Typhoon Pabuk.We found that the internal-wave-scale dissipation rate,the turbulent dissipation rate,and the mixing rate in every water layer increased by about an order of magnitude after the typhoon passage.We analyzed a case of abrupt strong current and calculated the mixing rate before,during,and after the typhoon event.The results show that the internal-wave-scale dissipation rate and the mixing rate in every water layer increased by about two orders of magnitude during the event,while the turbulent dissipation rate increased by about an order of magnitude.Passage of the abrupt strong current could also have increased the mixing rate of affected seawater by more than an order of magnitude.However,the passage of the typhoon differed in that there was an increase in mixing only in the lower layer where the abrupt strong current was particularly strong.The variation of the mixing rate may help us to understand the effects of typhoons and abrupt strong currents on the mixing of seawater.

Bottom Currents Observed in and Around a Submarine Valley on the Continental Slope of the Northern South China Sea

Bottom currents at about 1000m depth in and around a submarine valley on the continental slope of the northern South China Sea were studied by a 14-month long experiment from July 2013 to September 2014. The observations reveal that bottom currents are strongly influenced by the topography, being along valley axis or isobaths. Power density spectrum analysis shows that all the currents have significant peaks at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies. Diurnal energy is dominant at the open slope site, which is consistent with many previous studies. However, at the site inside the valley the semi-diurnal energy dominates, although the distance between the two sites of observation is quite small （11 kin） compared to a typical horizontal first-mode internal tide wavelength （200 km）. We found this phenomenon is caused by the focusing of internal waves of certain frequencies in the valley. The inertial peak is found only at the open slope site in the first deployment but missing at the inside valley site and the rest of the de- ployments. Monthly averaged residual currents reveal that the near-bottom currents on the slope flow southwestward throughout the year except in August and September, 2013, from which we speculate that this is a result of the interaction between a mesoscale eddy and the canyon/sag topography. Currents inside the valley within about 10mab basically flow along slope and in the layers above the 10mab the currents are northwestward, that is, from the deep ocean to the shelf. The monthly mean current vectors manifest an Ek- man layer-like vertical structure at both sites, which rotate counter-clockwise looking from above.

Accumulation and exploration of gas hydrate in deep-sea sediments of northern South China Sea

The large deep-sea area from the southwestern Qiongdongnan Basin to the eastern Dongsha Islands,within the continental margin of northern South China Sea,is a frontier of natural gas hydrate exploration in China.Multiform of deep-sea sedimentations have been occurred since late Miocene,and sediment waves as a potential quality reservoir of natural gas hydrate is an most important style of them.Based on abundant available data of seismic,gravity sampling and drilling core,we analyzed the characteristics of seismic reflection and sedimentation of sediment waves and the occurrence of natural gas hydrate hosted in it,and discussed the control factors on natural gas hydrate accumulation.The former findings revealed the deep sea of the northern South China Sea have superior geological conditions on natural gas hydrate accumulation.Therefore,it will be of great significance in deep-sea natural gas hydrate exploration with the study on the relationship between deep-sea sedimentation and natural gas hydrate accumulation.