Based on tropical cyclone datasets from Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP,USA) reanalysis data and the rainfall records from 743 ...Based on tropical cyclone datasets from Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP,USA) reanalysis data and the rainfall records from 743 stations in China,the impacts of cyclogenesis number over the South China Sea and the western Pacific are studied on the 30-60-day oscillations in the precipitation of Guangdong during the flooding period.The year with more-than-normal (less-than-normal) tropical cyclogenesis is defined as a 'high year' ('low year').In light of the irregular periodic oscillations,the method used to construct the composite life cycle is based on nine consecutive phases in each of the cycles.Phases 1,3,5,and 7 correspond to,respectively,the time when precipitation anomalies reach theminimum,a positive transition (negative-turning-to-positive) phase,the maximum,and a negative transition phase.The results showed that the precipitation of the 30-60-day oscillations is associated with the interaction between a well-organized eastward propagation system from the Arabian Sea/Bay of Bengal and a westward-propagating system (with cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies in the northwest-southeast direction) from the South China Sea to western Pacific during the high years,whereas the precipitation is affected during a low year by the circulation over the South China Sea and western Pacific (with cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies in the northeast-southwest direction).During the high year,the warm and wet air mass from the ocean to the west and south are transported to Guangdong by westerly anomalies and an enclosed latitudinal cell,which ascends in the Northern Hemisphere low latitudes and descends in the Southern Hemisphere low latitudes.During the low year,the warm and wet air mass from the ocean to the south is transported to Guangdong by southwesterly wind anomalies and local ascending movements.Because the kinetic energy,westerly,easterly shift,vertical velocity and vapor transportation averaged over (109-119° E,10-20° N) is stronger in high years than those in low years,the precipitation of the 30-60-day oscillations in Guangdong is higher in high years than that in low years.展开更多
The Yunkai Area is located at the southern South China Block and is part of the Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay Metallogenic Belt, which is a famous polymetallic mineralization belt. The Xinhua Pb–Zn–(Ag)deposit is located...The Yunkai Area is located at the southern South China Block and is part of the Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay Metallogenic Belt, which is a famous polymetallic mineralization belt. The Xinhua Pb–Zn–(Ag)deposit is located in the western part of Yunkai Area, with an abundance of Pubei batholiths. Zircon U–Pb geochronology of Pubei batholiths shows that crystallization age ranges from 251.9 ± 2.2 to 244.3 ± 1.8 Ma, thus belonging to Indosinian orogeny. Geochemistry and Sr isotopic compositions of the Pubei batholiths show that it is derived from the partial melting of large scale crustal melting during the stage of exhumation and uplifting of the lower-middle crust. In addition, strontium isotope of sphalerite from the Xinhua Pb–Zn–(Ag) deposit, has limited ranges in ^(87)Rb/^(86)Sr and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, ranging from 0.4077 to 1.0449, and 0.718720 to 0.725245, respectively. The initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of sphalerite ranges between 0.718720 and 0.725245, which is higher than that of upper continental crust and lower than that of the Pubei batholiths, illustrating the fluid might be derived from the mixing of Pubei pluton and upper continental crust.展开更多
Guangxi is in the southwest border of China, and Guilin landscape and ethnic customs as the two ＂trump cards＂ have been widely utilized in the communication between Guaaagxi and the outside world. In fact, Guangxi o...Guangxi is in the southwest border of China, and Guilin landscape and ethnic customs as the two ＂trump cards＂ have been widely utilized in the communication between Guaaagxi and the outside world. In fact, Guangxi owns many cultural resources such as humanity history, characteristic diet, and local operas to be further promoted, among which historical figures resources are especially abundant. However, the development and protection of the historical figures resources are inconsistent with the current economic and social development, and feature obviously certain hysteresis. In this paper, by taking Mrs. WA who was a heroine of the Zhuang nationality to resist foreign invasions in the Ming Dynasty, the necessary development road of the historical figures resources is explored based on analyzing the current development and protection of the historical figures resources in China＇ s Guangxi border areas, and then innovative concepts and new ideas are proposed with great efforts.展开更多
Tide gauge data are used to investigate sea level variability offthe northwest coast of the South China Sea （SCS） in 2012, and a significant sea level elevation with a magnitude approaching 79 mm is observed. Analys...Tide gauge data are used to investigate sea level variability offthe northwest coast of the South China Sea （SCS） in 2012, and a significant sea level elevation with a magnitude approaching 79 mm is observed. Analysis suggests that an abnormal sea surface heat flux and freshwater flux may have contributed to this abnormal rise in sea level, together with the remote influence of an ENSO event. Further investigation shows that the event was dominated by the positive freshwater flux, where large volumes of water entered the ocean, and a maximum is centered to the south of Guangdong province, China. Simultaneously, a positive anomalous heat flux occurred in the northwestern part of the SCS, which is considered to have made a positive contribution to the high local sea level elevation. In addition to the heat flux, the ENSO event also had a significant effect on the event, where the La Nifia-induced northwest Pacific cyclone contributed to sea level rise over the northwestern SCS through dynamic and thermodynamic interactions.展开更多
In order to investigate the feasibility of reintroducing the South China tiger （Panthera tigris amoyensis） in the Jiangxi Matoushan National Nature Reserve, field surveys were conducted to assess prey distribution i...In order to investigate the feasibility of reintroducing the South China tiger （Panthera tigris amoyensis） in the Jiangxi Matoushan National Nature Reserve, field surveys were conducted to assess prey distribution in the reserve. Twelve permanent transects were set in three distinct functional zones from February to April 2012 and May to July 2013. A total of 112 ungulate signs were recorded on these transects. In addition, 20 camera traps were used to survey ungulates and predators in 2012, while the following year we extended the survey site by using 30 cameras. Overall, 6641 capture events on 2930 camera days were obtained, presenting a variety of ungulate spe- cies： muntjak （Muntiacus muntjak）, tufted deer （Elaphodus cephalophus）, serow （Capricornis sumatraensis） and wild boar （Sus scrofa）. Population structure and composition of ungulates was compared in different functional zones using a single factor of variance analysis in SPSS software. Significant differences in the distribution of un- gulates were recognized between the core zone and experimental zone, but not in other zones due to differences in habitat types and management practices of the nature reserve. Using ArcGIS analysis and Salford Predictive Modeler software, we ran several predictive models to understand which areas are most suitable for ungulates. We conclude that muntjac and wild boar are mainly distributed in the experimental zone, serow are more common in the core zone, while tufted deer are located evenly in the three functional zones. Finally, suggestions for effective and feasible management strategies and techniques for Matoushan National Nature Reserve were recom- mended based on the results and analysis in this study.展开更多
It is the first time to document the trilobite Mucronaspis(Songxites) wuningensis and the brachiopod ParomalomenaAegiromenella Assemblage from the Xinkailing Bed(Hirnantian, uppermost Ordovician) in Taoyuan and Cili c...It is the first time to document the trilobite Mucronaspis(Songxites) wuningensis and the brachiopod ParomalomenaAegiromenella Assemblage from the Xinkailing Bed(Hirnantian, uppermost Ordovician) in Taoyuan and Cili counties,northwestern Hunan Province. Synecological analysis shows that this is a deep water shelly fauna of South China during the Hirnantian. It lived on the upper Jiangnan Slope in northwestern Hunan, adjacent to the southeast margin of the Upper Yangtze Region, and belongs to the Hirnantia fauna with cool and deep water, and low diversity affinity, similar to its contemporary shelly faunas from the southern Shaanxi Slope adjacent to the north margin of the Upper Yangtze Region, the northern Chongqing depression(new name), and the Jiangxi-Anhui-Jiangsu gentle slope of the Lower Yangtze Region. Paleoecologically,it could be attributed to the BA 4–5 benthic regime(about 60–150 m deep, and deepest to 200 m), and was significantly different from the trilobite M.(S.) mucronata and the typical Hirnantia fauna while the latters may have habited in BA 2–3 benthic regimes(about 5–60 m deep). A new paleogeographic distribution pattern of the Hirnantian shallow and deep water shelly faunas of South China is herein proposed for the first time. Assuming that the depositional rate was constant in northwestern Hunan during the end Ordovician, the duration of the Xinkailing Bed might be only 12 thousand years according to the thickness of the Wufeng Formation and the absolute age values of those relevant graptolitic biozones. Such a short time interval may indicate that the global environmental change during the crisis was much shorter than previously thought, and its influence on the deep water regime was significantly shorter than that on the shallow water regime.展开更多
The Guposhan-Huashan batholith was emplaced during transition from Tethysian tectonic regime to Pacific tectonic regime in the Middle-Late Jurassic. The regional EW-striking Yishan-Quannan basement deep fault zone, as...The Guposhan-Huashan batholith was emplaced during transition from Tethysian tectonic regime to Pacific tectonic regime in the Middle-Late Jurassic. The regional EW-striking Yishan-Quannan basement deep fault zone, associated with the Tethysian regime, is thought likely to control the formation of the batholith. The development of the batholith was, however, achieved when the Pacific tectonic extensional regime dominated. The batholith consists of seven individual intrusive units that were emplaced subsequently over a 15 m.y. span. Deformation structures and strain analysis of the intrusive units and their country rocks suggest the existence of active and passive emplacement mechanisms. For example, shape-preferred orientation of dioritic enclaves and megacrystic K-spars within earlier units and the development of rim synforms resulted from active mechanisms. It is estimated that active expansion and structural propagation each contributed approximately 27%, and stoping accounted for 46% of the space for the entire batholith. The active emplacement mechanisms produced earlier units at deeper levels of the crust and followed by passive emplacement mechanism at shallower crustal levels when the tectonic regime changed from compression to extension. Each intrusive unit shows a different growth mode. Niumiao and Yangmeishan intrusions show a polarized lateral growth mode, the main-phase Lisong and Wanggao intrusions show either a central growth mode or an eccentric growth mode, and the youngest Baishuidai and Huamei units have a polarized multi-point central growth mode. Both Guposhan and Huashan plutons show a concentric growth zoning pattern with the former built in an outward growth style and the latter an inward growth style. The well-preserved circular shape of both plutons is indicative of relatively stationary magma feeders, suggesting that any considerable horizontal displacement in the region was unlikely even if the area was in an intracontinental strike-slip tectonic setting during the last emplacement phases of the batholith.展开更多
基金Key National Fundamental Research and Development Project "973" Program (2006CB403600)Natural Science Foundation of China (40775058)Project of Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province (2005B32601007)
文摘Based on tropical cyclone datasets from Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP,USA) reanalysis data and the rainfall records from 743 stations in China,the impacts of cyclogenesis number over the South China Sea and the western Pacific are studied on the 30-60-day oscillations in the precipitation of Guangdong during the flooding period.The year with more-than-normal (less-than-normal) tropical cyclogenesis is defined as a 'high year' ('low year').In light of the irregular periodic oscillations,the method used to construct the composite life cycle is based on nine consecutive phases in each of the cycles.Phases 1,3,5,and 7 correspond to,respectively,the time when precipitation anomalies reach theminimum,a positive transition (negative-turning-to-positive) phase,the maximum,and a negative transition phase.The results showed that the precipitation of the 30-60-day oscillations is associated with the interaction between a well-organized eastward propagation system from the Arabian Sea/Bay of Bengal and a westward-propagating system (with cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies in the northwest-southeast direction) from the South China Sea to western Pacific during the high years,whereas the precipitation is affected during a low year by the circulation over the South China Sea and western Pacific (with cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies in the northeast-southwest direction).During the high year,the warm and wet air mass from the ocean to the west and south are transported to Guangdong by westerly anomalies and an enclosed latitudinal cell,which ascends in the Northern Hemisphere low latitudes and descends in the Southern Hemisphere low latitudes.During the low year,the warm and wet air mass from the ocean to the south is transported to Guangdong by southwesterly wind anomalies and local ascending movements.Because the kinetic energy,westerly,easterly shift,vertical velocity and vapor transportation averaged over (109-119° E,10-20° N) is stronger in high years than those in low years,the precipitation of the 30-60-day oscillations in Guangdong is higher in high years than that in low years.
基金supported by grants by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41272097)the China Geological Survey Project (No.12120114016601)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (No.CUG120702)the Teaching Laboratory Foundation of China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (No.SKJ2013085,SKJ2014010)
文摘The Yunkai Area is located at the southern South China Block and is part of the Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay Metallogenic Belt, which is a famous polymetallic mineralization belt. The Xinhua Pb–Zn–(Ag)deposit is located in the western part of Yunkai Area, with an abundance of Pubei batholiths. Zircon U–Pb geochronology of Pubei batholiths shows that crystallization age ranges from 251.9 ± 2.2 to 244.3 ± 1.8 Ma, thus belonging to Indosinian orogeny. Geochemistry and Sr isotopic compositions of the Pubei batholiths show that it is derived from the partial melting of large scale crustal melting during the stage of exhumation and uplifting of the lower-middle crust. In addition, strontium isotope of sphalerite from the Xinhua Pb–Zn–(Ag) deposit, has limited ranges in ^(87)Rb/^(86)Sr and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, ranging from 0.4077 to 1.0449, and 0.718720 to 0.725245, respectively. The initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of sphalerite ranges between 0.718720 and 0.725245, which is higher than that of upper continental crust and lower than that of the Pubei batholiths, illustrating the fluid might be derived from the mixing of Pubei pluton and upper continental crust.
文摘Guangxi is in the southwest border of China, and Guilin landscape and ethnic customs as the two ＂trump cards＂ have been widely utilized in the communication between Guaaagxi and the outside world. In fact, Guangxi owns many cultural resources such as humanity history, characteristic diet, and local operas to be further promoted, among which historical figures resources are especially abundant. However, the development and protection of the historical figures resources are inconsistent with the current economic and social development, and feature obviously certain hysteresis. In this paper, by taking Mrs. WA who was a heroine of the Zhuang nationality to resist foreign invasions in the Ming Dynasty, the necessary development road of the historical figures resources is explored based on analyzing the current development and protection of the historical figures resources in China＇ s Guangxi border areas, and then innovative concepts and new ideas are proposed with great efforts.
基金jointly funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC1405100)the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China(No.2017S02)+3 种基金the Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction Program(Nos.GASI-IPOVAI-03,GASI-IPOVAI-02,GASI-02-IND-STSaut,and GASI-02-IND-STSwin)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M612166)the China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association Project(No.DY135-E2-4-02)the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(No.U1406404)
文摘Tide gauge data are used to investigate sea level variability offthe northwest coast of the South China Sea （SCS） in 2012, and a significant sea level elevation with a magnitude approaching 79 mm is observed. Analysis suggests that an abnormal sea surface heat flux and freshwater flux may have contributed to this abnormal rise in sea level, together with the remote influence of an ENSO event. Further investigation shows that the event was dominated by the positive freshwater flux, where large volumes of water entered the ocean, and a maximum is centered to the south of Guangdong province, China. Simultaneously, a positive anomalous heat flux occurred in the northwestern part of the SCS, which is considered to have made a positive contribution to the high local sea level elevation. In addition to the heat flux, the ENSO event also had a significant effect on the event, where the La Nifia-induced northwest Pacific cyclone contributed to sea level rise over the northwestern SCS through dynamic and thermodynamic interactions.
基金Conservation and monitoring technology research on wild tigers in China(2011-LYSJWT-08)
文摘In order to investigate the feasibility of reintroducing the South China tiger （Panthera tigris amoyensis） in the Jiangxi Matoushan National Nature Reserve, field surveys were conducted to assess prey distribution in the reserve. Twelve permanent transects were set in three distinct functional zones from February to April 2012 and May to July 2013. A total of 112 ungulate signs were recorded on these transects. In addition, 20 camera traps were used to survey ungulates and predators in 2012, while the following year we extended the survey site by using 30 cameras. Overall, 6641 capture events on 2930 camera days were obtained, presenting a variety of ungulate spe- cies： muntjak （Muntiacus muntjak）, tufted deer （Elaphodus cephalophus）, serow （Capricornis sumatraensis） and wild boar （Sus scrofa）. Population structure and composition of ungulates was compared in different functional zones using a single factor of variance analysis in SPSS software. Significant differences in the distribution of un- gulates were recognized between the core zone and experimental zone, but not in other zones due to differences in habitat types and management practices of the nature reserve. Using ArcGIS analysis and Salford Predictive Modeler software, we ran several predictive models to understand which areas are most suitable for ungulates. We conclude that muntjac and wild boar are mainly distributed in the experimental zone, serow are more common in the core zone, while tufted deer are located evenly in the three functional zones. Finally, suggestions for effective and feasible management strategies and techniques for Matoushan National Nature Reserve were recom- mended based on the results and analysis in this study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41290260,41521061,41530103)Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDPB05)
文摘It is the first time to document the trilobite Mucronaspis(Songxites) wuningensis and the brachiopod ParomalomenaAegiromenella Assemblage from the Xinkailing Bed(Hirnantian, uppermost Ordovician) in Taoyuan and Cili counties,northwestern Hunan Province. Synecological analysis shows that this is a deep water shelly fauna of South China during the Hirnantian. It lived on the upper Jiangnan Slope in northwestern Hunan, adjacent to the southeast margin of the Upper Yangtze Region, and belongs to the Hirnantia fauna with cool and deep water, and low diversity affinity, similar to its contemporary shelly faunas from the southern Shaanxi Slope adjacent to the north margin of the Upper Yangtze Region, the northern Chongqing depression(new name), and the Jiangxi-Anhui-Jiangsu gentle slope of the Lower Yangtze Region. Paleoecologically,it could be attributed to the BA 4–5 benthic regime(about 60–150 m deep, and deepest to 200 m), and was significantly different from the trilobite M.(S.) mucronata and the typical Hirnantia fauna while the latters may have habited in BA 2–3 benthic regimes(about 5–60 m deep). A new paleogeographic distribution pattern of the Hirnantian shallow and deep water shelly faunas of South China is herein proposed for the first time. Assuming that the depositional rate was constant in northwestern Hunan during the end Ordovician, the duration of the Xinkailing Bed might be only 12 thousand years according to the thickness of the Wufeng Formation and the absolute age values of those relevant graptolitic biozones. Such a short time interval may indicate that the global environmental change during the crisis was much shorter than previously thought, and its influence on the deep water regime was significantly shorter than that on the shallow water regime.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40772126)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Key Projects Funds (Grant No. 2010XNSFD13001)+1 种基金Guangxi Largescale Geologic and Mineral Investigation Project (Grant No. [2010]130)Guangxi Graduate Innovative Education Fund (Grant No. 2009105960818M01)
文摘The Guposhan-Huashan batholith was emplaced during transition from Tethysian tectonic regime to Pacific tectonic regime in the Middle-Late Jurassic. The regional EW-striking Yishan-Quannan basement deep fault zone, associated with the Tethysian regime, is thought likely to control the formation of the batholith. The development of the batholith was, however, achieved when the Pacific tectonic extensional regime dominated. The batholith consists of seven individual intrusive units that were emplaced subsequently over a 15 m.y. span. Deformation structures and strain analysis of the intrusive units and their country rocks suggest the existence of active and passive emplacement mechanisms. For example, shape-preferred orientation of dioritic enclaves and megacrystic K-spars within earlier units and the development of rim synforms resulted from active mechanisms. It is estimated that active expansion and structural propagation each contributed approximately 27%, and stoping accounted for 46% of the space for the entire batholith. The active emplacement mechanisms produced earlier units at deeper levels of the crust and followed by passive emplacement mechanism at shallower crustal levels when the tectonic regime changed from compression to extension. Each intrusive unit shows a different growth mode. Niumiao and Yangmeishan intrusions show a polarized lateral growth mode, the main-phase Lisong and Wanggao intrusions show either a central growth mode or an eccentric growth mode, and the youngest Baishuidai and Huamei units have a polarized multi-point central growth mode. Both Guposhan and Huashan plutons show a concentric growth zoning pattern with the former built in an outward growth style and the latter an inward growth style. The well-preserved circular shape of both plutons is indicative of relatively stationary magma feeders, suggesting that any considerable horizontal displacement in the region was unlikely even if the area was in an intracontinental strike-slip tectonic setting during the last emplacement phases of the batholith.
