大湄公河次区域(GMS)合作20年综述

大湄公河次区域(GMS)合作20年来,取得了令世界瞩目的成就,形成了自己的鲜明特色。被世界银行称之为发展中国家开展"南南合作"的成功典范,具有世界影响和世界意义。GMS合作正出现新的特点:合作更加务实、中国的主导地位进一步增强、GMS一体化进程加快。

TWO NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW COMBINATION OF THE CONIFER SAWFLY FAMILY DIPRIONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: SYMPHYTA) FROM YUNNAN, CHINA

In this paper two new species of Diprionidae were described from Yunnan Province, China, Gilpinia hebedentata, sp. n. and Macrodiprion wui, sp. n. Another species recorded in Yunnan, Gilpinia disa Smith, was transferred from Gilpinia Benson to Microdiprion Enslin. Macrodiprion Enslin is a newly recorded genus in China.

Identification and Pathogen Characteristics Analysis of a Co-infection with CSFV,PRRSV and PCV2

[Objective] The aim of this study was to identify swine diseases caused by CSFV,PRRSV and PCV2 and thus to analyze its pathogeny chracteristics.[Method] The tissues and viscera of the diseased swine were collected from Xiangtan of Hunan(Code of HN/XT)to extract DNA and RNA for PCR amplification and sequencing.Meanwhile,the virulent strains were isolated and identified by cell separation technology.[Result] The sequencing analysis results showed that the amino acid homology between CSFV,PRRSV,PCV2 and sequen...

Documentation Concordance,Sharing and Utilization of Tea Germplasm Resources in Yunnan

In this paper,the research achievements and progress of Yunnan tea germplasm resource in past sixty years are systematically reviewed from the following aspects：exploration,collecting,conservation,protection,identification,evaluation and shared utilization.Simultaneously,the current problems and the suggestions about subsequent development of tea germplasm resources in Yunnan were discussed,including superior and rare germplasm collection,tea genetic diversity research,biotechnology utilization in tea germplasm innovation,super gene exploration and function,the construction of utilization platform,biological base of species and population conservation.

Growth Response and Metal Accumulation of Sedum alfredii to Cd/Zn Complex-Polluted Ion Levels

Sedum alfredii Hance has been identified as a new Zn-hyperaccumulator native to China. In this study, responses and metal accumulation of S alfredii were examined under Zn/Cd complex polluted conditions. The results showed that optimal growth of S alfredii in terms of the maximum dry matter yield was observed at Zn/Cd complex level of 500/100 mumol/L. Plant cadmium (Cd) or zinc (Zn) concentrations increased with increasing Cd or Zn supply. During the 20 d treatment, the highest Cd concentration in the leaves reached 12.1 g/kg at Zn/Cd level of 50/400 mumol/L and that of Zn in the stems was 23.2 g/kg at Zn/Cd level of 1000/50 mumol/L. The distribution of Cd in different plant parts decreased in the order: leaf > stem greater than or equal to root, whereas that of Zn was: stem > leaf greater than or equal to root. The accumulation of Cd and Zn in the shoots and roots of S. alfredii increased with the increasing of Zn/Cd supply levels, peaked at Zn/Cd levels of 250/400 and 500/100 mumol/L, respectively. The highest Cd and Zn uptake by the shoots was approximately 5 and 11 mg/plant, and was over 20 and 10 times higher than those in the roots, respectively. Zn supply at levels less than or equal to 500 mumol/L increased plant Cd concentrations, whereas high Zn supply decreased root Cd but did not affect leaf Cd concentrations in S alfredii Low Cd supply increased Zn concentration in the leaves, but Cd supply higher than 50 mumol/L considerably reduced root Zn concentrations, especially at low Zn level. These results indicate that S. alfredii can tolerate high Zn/Cd complex levels and has an extraordinary ability to hyperaccumulate not only Zn but also Cd. It could provide a new valuable plant material for understanding the mechanisms responsible for co-hyperaccumulation of Zn and Cd as well as for phytoremediation of the Cd/Zn complex polluted soils.

Seasonal Dynamics of Photosynthetic Response for Young Tree of B. macrostachya in Seasonal Rain Forest

[Objective] The aim was to study on biological characteristics of photosynthetic response for young trees of B. macrostachya in seasonal rain forest, providing scientific reference for protection of tropical rain forest under change of global climate. [Method] Young trees of B. macrostachya in Xishuangbanna tropical forest were chosen to research in foggy season, dry and hot season, and rainy season to measure dynamics of season changes. [Result] For young trees of B. macrostachya in Yunnan Province, Pn max was the biggest in rainy season, followed by dry and hot season and foggy season at 4.08, 2.89 and 1.81 μmol/（m·s） respectively; Gs and Tr in rainy season were the highest and WUE in dry season was the highest; Gi achieved peak in foggy season, of which the highest values were 0.18 and 1.59 mmol/（m 2 ·s）, and 7.35 μmol/mmol and 455 mmol/（m 2 ·s）; Ci showed an opposite trend with that of WUE, and Gs and Tr changed similarly. [Conclusion] Young trees of B. macrostachya in seasonal rain forest are of significant seasonal change in photosynthetic response, and young trees are shade tolerant.

Study on Urban Construction Land Suitability Evaluation in Southwestern Mountainous Areas of Yunnan Province Based on the Strategy of "Protecting Farmland in Flatland Areas and Constructing Mountainous Cities" : A Case in Lianghe County

According to the particularity of towns＇ construction in the southwestern mountainous areas of Yunnan Province, this study has built constructive land suit- ability evaluation index system which is different to flat area. Then this study deter- mined single evaluation factors index and comprehensive suitability index using ＂ex- treme conditions method＂ and ＂suitability index method＂, and analyzed and assessed the constructive land suitability on each evaluation unit polygons and its suitability level by using GIS software. Taking Lianghe County of Dehong Dai-Jingpo Au- tonomous Prefecture as an example to evaluate land suitability in Lianghe County＇s main towns around the gentle slope, the results show, in the evaluation area, the area of land suitable for construction and unsuitable for construction respectively ac- count 73.58% and 26.42%. And first-class, second and third-class of land suitable for construction should be composited at the ratio of about 11：49：40. The suitability evaluation index system and method developed in this paper is applicable for evalu- ating the construction land suitability in mountainous areas of southwest Yunnan Province, and will provide theoretical and technical support for land policy measures which strengthen the protection of farmland and promote the scientific development of urbanization in Yunnan Province and even similar mountainous areas of the whole China.

智利与中国,文化之路结伴同行——BAFOCHI智利芭蕾民族舞蹈中国巡演第一站圆满举办

2016年12月5日,BAFOCHI智利芭蕾民族舞蹈团中国巡演第一站演出在广州军区后勤部礼堂（广联礼堂）激情上演。同台演出的共有10位专业芭蕾舞蹈演员和6位乐器演奏家,他们带着南美洲特有的演奏乐器,随着悠扬的笛声和轻快的吉他奏起,令观众们仿佛置身于那遥远又神秘的南美洲大陆。

三国的庐江战局与江北孤镇皖城

自春秋后期至汉末董卓之乱爆发前,皖城附近在数百年内没有发生大规模的战争。三国时期,皖城地区被吴、魏双方频繁争夺,其军事地位陡然上升,这是因为当时中国战争的地理格局由东西对峙演变为南北抗衡,皖城所在的庐江郡位处江淮之间,是水陆通道交汇地带,所以引起各方的重视。但由于该地道路水陆相间,船只不能直航江淮;同时皖城地处平川,无险可守,因此,该地只是作为吴魏相争的一个次要战场。

Filling of the Three Gorges Reservoir to the 135-m Level: Instant Effects on the Yangtze Discharge and Suspended Sediment Concentration Entering the Estuary

Via the valuable opportunity of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) 135-m filling in June 2003, the Yangtze discharge and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) entering the estuary during the period from 15 May to 15 July 2003 were analyzed to examine the instant effects of the filling on them. The Yangtze discharge and SSC entering the estuary in the periods before, during and after the filling clearly indicated three phases: 1) the pre-storage phase characterized by natural conditions, in which the SSC increased with increasing water discharge; 2) the storage phase, during which the SSC decreased dramatically with decreasing water discharge; and 3) the post-storage phase, during which both the SSC and water discharge remained at relatively low levels first until the end of June, then the SSC increased gradually with increasing water discharge. It seems that the times for the instant effects of the decreasing discharge downstream from the upper Yangtze on the Yangtze discharge and SSC entering the estuary due to the TGR 135-m filling to take place were about 5 d and 1 d respectively, while both were about 18 d for those of the increasing discharge. This probably reflects the buffering and resultantly hysteresis of the 1800-km stretch from the upper Yangtze to the estuary. The results are helpful for scientific and hydrological investigation of the Yangtze mainstream downstream from the TGR Dam and of the estuarine and adjacent coastal waters.

The seismic reflecting characteristics of gas hydrate bearing strata and its possible distribution in the South China Sea

The research on gas hydrate is one of the topics of general interest in the field of energy resource and environment. The South China Sea has favorable conditions for the occurrence and formation of gas hydrate. The presence of gas hydrate changes acoustic properties of the sedimentary strata and results in the occurrence of bottom simulating reflectors, which makes the multi-channel seismic investigation an important method to identify gas hydrates. First, the paper, based on results of seismic reflection imaging, analyzes the qualitative seismic reflection characteristics of sedimentary strata containing gas hydrate. Some key seismic imaging techniques are also discussed. Next, a pseudo-well is constructed to perform an impedance inversion to get the quantitative velocity structure of the strata since there is no well in the study area. Finally, the velocity field from geophysical inversion is integrated with the geochemical and geophysical data acquired on the Ocean Drilling Program 184 cruise. All information confirms the presence of gas hydrate and shows its spatial distribution.

Factors influencing the climatological mixed layer depth in the South China Sea:numerical simulations

The mixed layer depth （MLD） in the upper ocean is an important physical parameter for describing the upper ocean mixed layer. We analyzed several major factors influencing the climatological mixed layer depth （CMLD）, and established a numerical simulation in the South China Sea （SCS） using the Regional Ocean Model System （ROMS） with a high-resolution （1/12~x 1/12~） grid nesting method and 50 vertical layers. Several ideal numerical experiments were tested by modifying the existing sea surface boundary conditions. Especially, we analyzed the sensitivity of the results simulated for the CMLD with factors of sea surface wind stress （SSWS）, sea surface net heat flux （SSNHF）, and the difference between evaporation and precipitation （DEP）. The result shows that of the three factors that change the depth of the CMLD, SSWS is in the first place, when ignoring the impact of SSWS, CMLD will change by 26% on average, and its effect is always to deepen the CMLD; the next comes SSNHF （13%） for deepening the CMLD in October to January and shallowing the CMLD in February to September; and the DEP comes in the third （only 2%）. Moreover, we analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of CMLD and compared the simulation result with the ARGO observational data. The results indicate that ROMS is applicable for studying CMLD in the SCS area.

Estimation of potential distribution of gas hydrate in the northern South China Sea

Gas hydrate research has significant importance for securing world energy resources, and has the potential to produce considerable economic benefits. Previous studies have shown that the South China Sea is an area that harbors gas hydrates. However, there is a lack of systematic investigations and understanding on the distribution of gas hydrate throughout the region. In this paper, we applied mineral resource quantitative assessment techniques to forecast and estimate the potential distribution of gas hydrate resources in the northern South China Sea. However, current hydrate samples from the South China Sea are too few to produce models of occurrences. Thus, according to similarity and contrast principles of mineral outputs, we can use a similar hydrate-mining environment with sufficient gas hydrate data as a testing ground for modeling northern South China Sea gas hydrate conditions. We selected the Gulf of Mexico, which has extensively studied gas hydrates, to develop predictive models of gas hydrate distributions, and to test errors in the model. Then, we compared the existing northern South China Sea hydrate-mining data with the Gulf of Mexico characteristics, and collated the relevant data into the model. Subsequently, we applied the model to the northern South China Sea to obtain the potential gas hydrate distribution of the area, and to identify significant exploration targets. Finally, we evaluated the reliability of the predicted results. The south seabed area of Taiwan Bank is recommended as a priority exploration target. The Zhujiang Mouth, Southeast Hainan, and Southwest Taiwan Basins, including the South Bijia Basin, also are recommended as exploration target areas. In addition, the method in this paper can provide a useful predictive approach for gas hydrate resource assessment, which gives a scientific basis for construction and implementation of long-term planning for gas hydrate exploration and general exploitation of the seabed of China.

Relationships and Evolving Networks of Rural Manufacturing Clusters: A Case Study in Yucheng County, Henan Province of China

The evolution of networks in rural industrial clusters,in particular in the context of China has been paid more attention to in the world.Applying the theory and techniques of social network analysis (SNA),this study is with particular regard to the business network relationships and their evolutionary dynamics of steel measuring tape manufacturing clustered in Nanzhuang Village,Yucheng County of Henan Province,China,which is important for better understanding the industrial and regional development in less developed rural areas.From data collected by comprehensive questionnaire survey in 2002 and mass interviews with 60 enterprises and assembling families and several government authorities in 2002,2003,2004,2005 and 2008,four types of networks are identified: spin-off,consulting,communication and cooperative.The characteristic of these networks is outlined in detail.Compared with the high-tech clusters of typical developed areas,the networks that have evolved in traditional manufacturing clusters are more affected by emotive linkages.The cluster networks are shown to exhibit a polycentric hierarchical structure.The family relationships are the dominate spin-off channels of enterprises,while the supply and demand relationships and the mobility of the skilled workers are also important paths of network learning,and the cooperation relationships are comparatively stable.Besides the root enterprises,the middle-sized enterprises are comparatively more active than small-sized enterprises,and the intermediary agencies and the service institutions act as bridges of the inter-enterprises cooperation.By analysis of the structure of networks and the interactions between the networks,the four stages of network evolution are also identified.The four stages are dominated by the family networks,the internal division production networks,the local innovation networks and the global supply networks respectively,and they play different roles in cluster development.

A DISCUSSION ON BIOGEOGRAPHICAL LINES OF THE TROPICAL SUBTROPICAL YUNNAN

Based on comparative studies on four regional floras from northwest, west, south and southeast of Yunnan respectively, the formerly suggested two biogeographical lines, i.e. the “Tanaka Line" and the “Ecogeographical Diagonal Line", both going from northwest to southeast of Yunnan, and their significance are discussed. In family and generic levels, similarity coefficients among the four compared floras are more than 93% and 60% separately, which indicate the close floristic affinities among them. The highest similarity coefficient, i.e. 98.7% in family level and 78.6% in generic level separately, is found between the regional flora of northwest Yunnan and the flora of southeast Yunnan although these two regions are the most distant away each other among the compared regional floras. The flora of northwest Yunnan is also the most similar to the flora of southeast Yunnan in floristic composition. These support the idea of “Ecogeographical Diagonal Line". In specific level, the relatively high similarity coefficient is between the regional flora of west Yunnan and the one of south Yunnan. The floristic affinities among these regional floras and some distribution patterns could be explained by the geological history and tectonic theory of Yunnan.

Cleaning of South African coal using a compound dry cleaning apparatus

The compound dry cleaning principle is briefly described.A beneficiation test on South African coal was conducted using a model compound dry cleaning apparatus.Excellent results were obtained and the optimum operating parameters were determined.They are：an amplitude of 3.0 mm,a motor frequency of 47.5 Hz,an air volume of 50%,a transverse angle of 7°,and a longitudinal angle of-2°.These conditions yield a clean coal containing 11%ash and a coal production of 75%.The organic efficiency,η,is 95.86%.These results show that the South African coal can be separated effectively by compound dry cleaning,which will popularize the compound dry cleaning method.

Relationship between joint development in rock and coal seams in the southeastern margin of the Ordos basin

To predict joint development characteristics of coal seams, joint characteristics of rock seams from 88field stations were observed and comparisons were made between joint characteristics of coal and rock seams at 10 coal outcrops. Additionally, detailed joint measurements of underground coal seams were taken at two coal mines. This study investigated the effects of seam thickness, lithology, and structure on joint development and established the relationship between joint development of coal and rock seams, which allowed predictions of predominant joint densities for the No.5 coal seam in the southeastern margin of the Ordos basin. The results show that outcrop and underground coal seams exhibit the same joint systems as rock seams. The joints are mainly upright. Predominant joints strike 55° on average, followed by joints striking 320°. The joint density of the coal seam is 18.7–22.5 times that of the sandstone seam at the same thickness. The predominant joint density of the No.5 coal seam, controlled by the structure, is 4–20 joints per meter. Joint densities exhibit high values at intersecting areas of faults and folds and decrease values in structurally stable areas. The permeability increases exponentially with increasing density of the predominant joints.

The Characteristic Patterns of Macrofaunal Fouling Assemblages in Nearshore Waters of the South China Sea

The spatio-temporal patterns of macrofaunal fouling assemblages were quantitatively investigated in the nearshore waters of the South China Sea.The work was undertaken by deploying seasonal panels at two sites(H-site,L-site) for one year,and the fouling communities on the panels were examined and analyzed.The results indicated that species composition of assemblages was obviously different between the two sites.At both sites the assemblages were characteristic with solitary dominant species throughout the year,with Amphibalanus reticulates dominating at H-site and Hydroides elegans at L-site.Shannon index and biomass of the assemblages varied with depth and season at both sites.At H-site the total biomass in summer and autumn were significantly higher than those in spring and winter,while at L-site the assemblage biomass also differed significantly among the four seasons,and the greatest biomass occurred at the depth of 2.0 m in winter.The abundance of all seasonal samples in non-metric multidimensional scaling was clustered as one group at L-site and three groups at H-site.The environmental factors were more likely to be related to the variation of fouling assemblages.Furthermore,it also suggests that in tropical seas the integrated adaptability would qualify a species for dominating a fouling assemblage despite its short life cycle,rather than the usually assumed only species with long life span.This study reveals the complexity and characteristic dynamics of macrofaunal fouling assemblages in the tropical habitats,and the results would provide valuable knowledge for biodiversity and antifouling research.