北京市延庆区石窑村南地沟泥石流特征及发展趋势预测

本文以北京市延庆区石窑村南地沟泥石流为研究对象,通过野外调查与GIS统计分析,研究该流域降雨条件、地形地貌和沟道条件、物源条件等形成条件特征,针对流域内松散堆积物转换,开展了流域分区特征分析;通过14个因子分析,建立了该泥石流的发育阶段识别模型,对其发展趋势进行了预测;利用单沟泥石流堆积区公式开展了最大危险区预测研究,提出相应的防治措施建议。研究表明:石窑村南地沟泥石流内松散堆积物动储量达18.36×104 m3,物源类型划分为冲洪积物源、残坡积物源、人工堆积物源和崩滑塌物源4种,其中残坡积所占比重最大。该泥石流属于暴雨-沟谷型-支沟群发型、中易发泥石流,泥石流发展阶段处于发育期,最大危险区面积为0.413 km2,对沟口堆积区的石窑村及村民的生命财产安全造成威胁,建议采用局部物源平整与疏理排导渠相结合的综合治理措施。本文为该区地质灾害防治提供基础依据。

《小屯南地甲骨》2667版新探

《小屯南地甲骨》[1]2667版爲牛的右肩胛骨,1973年出土於殷墟小屯村南地,出土坑位號是H95:13。從拓片看,除了骨面、骨扇有小部分殘失之外基本完整,正反面皆有刻辭,正面大體遍佈全版,請參考圖一,圖二爲其反面。我們先來看此版的内容:[2]

河南安阳市殷墟王裕口村南地2009年发掘简报

安阳工作队在王裕口村南地的商代遗址清理出道路、房基、水井、祭祀坑、墓葬等遗迹。其中以M103、M94为代表的墓地,因两墓所出铜器上有与甲骨刻辞中所见贞人"■"相同的铭文,可能是贞人"■"的家族墓地。两座墓葬分属殷墟文化第二、三期,这为研究贞人集团的地位及■的地位变迁提供了难得的资料。

藜麦开花期干旱胁迫对其形态特征及生理特性的影响

为探究干旱胁迫对开花期藜麦形态特征的影响,以陇藜1号、青藜1号两个藜麦品种为试验材料,以正常灌溉为对照,设置3个干旱胁迫强度处理,在藜麦开花期进行干旱胁迫15 d后,测定各处理植株叶片相对含水量、叶比重、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量等生理指标,干旱胁迫15 d后恢复正常灌水,成熟时测定植株高度、主穗长和有效分枝数。结果表明,植株叶片相对含水量和叶比重随土壤水分的降低而下降,不同程度干旱胁迫处理对叶片相对含水量影响差异不显著,但对叶比重影响显著;MDA含量、CAT活性也与干旱胁迫程度呈正相关,即随干旱胁迫强度的加重而上升。干旱胁迫处理后,植株高度、主穗长和有效分枝数下降,但轻度和中度干旱胁迫对株高、主穗长度影响差异不显著,重度干旱胁迫显著影响株高和主穗长,中度和重度干旱胁迫显著影响有效分枝数。说明开花期适度干旱胁迫对藜麦形态特征影响不大。

跨文化阐释视角下“礼”的内涵及英译——以“南孔圣地,衢州有礼”为例

《论语》中的核心概念“礼”是中华传统文化思想精髓,内涵丰富,应用面广。随着时代发展、文化语境的变迁,对“礼”的阐释日趋多元化,相关译介方法多样。跨文化阐释式翻译侧重于对原语文本进行深入解读,并使用目标语读者熟知的文化意象替换或解释译者解读过的原语文本。跨文化阐释视角下从“礼”的源考及释义着手,结合“南孔圣地,衢州有礼”城市品牌宣传语,讨论“礼”的内涵及其英译问题,有助于推进中华文化对外传播。

The ridgelet transform with non-linear threshold for seismic noise attenuation in marine carbonates

Wavelet transforms have been successfully used in seismic data processing with their ability for local time - frequency analysis. However, identification of directionality is limited because wavelet transform coefficients reveal only three spatial orientations. Whereas the ridgelet transform has a superior capability for direction detection and the ability to process signals with linearly changing characteristics. In this paper, we present the issue of low signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） seismic data processing based on the ridgelet transform. Actual seismic data with low SNR from south China has been processed using ridgelet transforms to improve the SNR and the continuity of seismic events. The results show that the ridgelet transform is better than the wavelet transform for these tasks.

Analysis of Change of Cultivated Land and Grain Production in Hunan Province

[Objective] This paper aimed at exploring the countermeasures for cultivated land protection and food security assurance and providing references for the formulation of policies related to cultivated land and grain production of the whole province.[Methods] Data of population,cultivated land,grain and others in Hunan Province during 1989 to 2008 were collected by county（district）.The changes of cultivated land and grain production of the whole province were analyzed using Geographical Information System（GIS）.[Results] The population was increasing continuously,the total area of cultivated land was reducing as a whole in spite of increasing in one or two year in one or two county,the total grain production and per capita grain yield was fluctuated within a certain range in recent 20 years of the whole province.The reducing of cultivated land was mainly due to the industrialization and urbanization development.The unbalanced quantity and quality of cultivated land,various natural disasters,readjustment of industry structure and inner readjustment in the agriculture,variety improvement and improvement of cultivated technology mainly affected of the grain production.[Conclusions] The protection of the quantity and quality of cultivated land has to be strengthened to ensure food security.It is important to enhance the ability of resisting drought and flood disasters by improving the construction of agriculture establishment in order to insure the productivity of cultivated land,to increase farmer’s enthusiasm for growing grain with favourable food policy,to improve the per unit area yield of grain by variety improvement and to increase grain sown area by enlarging the double-cropping rice sown area.

Walnut Tree Grafting Experiments in Different Areas in Yunnan Province

Yunnan has an area of 2.88 million hm2 walnut trees. Due to freezing in- jury and rapid growth, however, there are a lot of iron walnuts or inferior-quality walnuts ready for grafting. In five years, we conducted experiments in Kunming （Yunnan Academy of Forestry）, Gongshan County, Gucheng City, Luliang County, and Ludian County by cleft grafting, veneer grafting, bark grafting and whip grafting. The grafting approaches should be selected according to grafting requirements, characteristics, and survival rate. For example, with a low survival rate, cleft grafting can be abandoned, and the rest approaches might be chosen as per practical demands.

Petrogenesis of skarn in Shizhuyuan W-polymetallic deposit, southern Hunan,China:Constraints from petrology,mineralogy and geochemistry

Skarn is the main altered rock type and is of great importance to mineralization and ore-prospecting in the Shizhuyuan area of Hunan province, China. Its features of petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry were studied systematically. The results show that the skarn mainly consists of garnet skarn, secondary wollastonite-garnet skarn, tremolite-clinozoisite skarn, and few wolframine garnet skarn, idocrase-garnet skarn and wollastonite skarn with granoblastic texture, granular sheet crystalloblastic texture, and massive structure, disseminated structure, mesh-vein structure, comb structure, and banded structure. And, it is mainly composed of garnet, fluorite, chlorite, hornblende, epidote, tremolite, plagioclase, biotite, muscovite, plagioclase, quartz, idocrase, and calcite and so on. The chemical components mainly include SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO and CaO, and the trace elements and REEs consist of Li, Be, V, Co, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Ce, Nd, Pb and Bi, etc. And, the obvious fractionation exists between LREE and HREE, and it shows typical features of Nanling ore-forming granite for W？Sn polymetallic deposit. Skarn is derived from the sedimentary rock, such as limestone, mudstone, argillaceous rock, and few pelitic strips. It is affected by both Shetianqiao formation strata and Qianlishan granite during the diagenesis, indicating a strong reduction environment. The occurrence of skarn, whose mutation site is favorable to the mineralization enrichment, is closely related to the mineralization and prospecting.

Analysis on Ecological Benefits of Urban Wetlands and Protection Measures with a Case of Nansha Wetland

Nansha wetland plays a crucial role in ecological balance of the Pearl River Delta or even Guangzhou. The research, based on researches available, analyzed ecological benefits of Nansha wetland and proposed protection measures in order to better protect urban wetlands and achieve sustainable development of ecological resources of Nansha wetland.

Soil CH_4 fluxes response to understory removal and N-fixing species addition in four forest plantations in Southern China

CH4 is one of the most important greenhouse gases, and mainly comes from soils in forest ecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of forest management practices such as understory removal and N-fixing species （Cassia alata） addition, on soil CH4 fluxes in four forest plantations in southern China. Fluxes of CH4 were measured in Eucalyptus urophylla plantation （B1）, Acacia crassi-carpa plantation （B2）, 10-native-species-mixed plantation （B3）, and 30-native-species-mixed plantation （B4） stands using the static chamber method in Southern China. Four forest management treatments, includ-ing （1） understory removal and replacement with C. alata （UR＋CA）; （2） understory removal only （UR）; （3） C. alata addition only （CA）; and （4） control without any disturbances （CK）, were applied in the four forest plantations. The results showed that plantation types had a significant effect on soil CH4 fluxes. B1 and B2 tended to be CH4 consumers, while B3 and B4 inclined to be CH4 producers. UR decreased CH4 fluxes by providing a more optimal soil temperature and moisture regime for mi-croorganism community and increasing substrate mineralization. How-ever, CA enhanced CH4 fluxes in B1 and B2 for N-fixing function of C. alata while lowered CH4 fluxes in B3 and B4. Soil CH4 flux rate was significantly related to soil temperature and moisture conditions in the top 10-cm soil layer. Furthermore, the quality of substrates, such as Soil Organic Carbon （SOC） and mineral N might also be important driving factors for CH4 fluxes. This study improved our understanding on CH4 fluxes in plantations under different management practices such as UR and CA.

Low-carbon Agriculture Development Models in Southern Jiangsu Province

[Objective] To investigate the appropriate low-carbon agriculture model in Southern Jiangsu Province. [Method] Through the analysis of regional features in Southern Jiangsu and several matured low-carbon agriculture development models at present, the low-carbon agriculture development modes suitable for Southern Jiangsu were investigated, and corresponding supporting measures for the development of the models were put forward. [Result] Low-carbon agriculture is the environment- friendly agriculture which achieves low emissions, low pollution, high efficiency and high-yield through efficient recycling of energy and resources and continuous im- provements on ecological environment. With a variety of development models, the specific development model for practical use should be determined according to the local conditions, and supported by corresponding supporting measures, to achieve the rapid development of low-carbon agriculture. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for the development of low-carbon agriculture model in Southern Jiangsu.

Effects of Different Sowing Dates and Sites on Grain Quality and RVA Profile of Nanjing 46,a Popular Cultivar of Japonica Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

[Objective] This study was performed to determine the effects of sowing dates and sites on grain quality and Rapid Viscosity Analyzer （RVA） profile of Nan-jing 46. [Method] The field experiments were carried out at five sites in Jiangsu Province, and in every site, the seeds were sowing on seven different dates. RVA related indices were measured after harvest. [Result] Along with the delay of sowing date, the mil ing quality of Nanjing 46 increased at first and then reduced, while its appearance quality went up and the cooling and edible quality decreased. With the sowing sites moving southward, the rice mil ing quality, appearance quality, and cooling and edible quality of Nanjing 46 decreased at first and then increased. Grain traits responded variably to the sowing dates and sites. The brown rice rate, grain width, grain length, length/width, mil ed rice rate and head mil ed rice rate were less affected, while the chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree were more af-fected. The gelatinization temperature, protein content, amylose content, gel consis-tency and eating value were in-between. The RVA profile analysis revealed that the breakdown value, setback value and pasting temperature were affected by the sow-ing date and geographical environment. The peak viscosity, hot viscosity, cool vis-cosity and peak time were influenced more by geographical environment. With the delay of the sowing date, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, cool viscosity, setback value and pasting temperature decreased at first and then increased, while the breakdown value changed inversely, and the peak time did not exhibit a regular trend. With the decrease of latitude, the peak viscosity, hot viscosity, breakdown and cool viscosity declined at first and then increased, the setback value and peak time decreased, while the pasting temperature increased. [Conclusion] This study wil provide refer-ences for the effective production of Nanjing 46.

Investigation and Analysis on Agricultural Resources in the Main Living Areas of Pumi Nationality in Yunnan Province

[Objective] To fully grasp the living environment and the use of agricultural resources of Pumi nationality, a minority group specific in Yunnan. [Methods]Field investigation and analysis were conducted on the social economic conditions, living environment, types of agricultural resources and their use in the main inhabitances of Pumi people including Yulong, Ninglang, Lanping and Weixi County in Yunnan. [Result] There are certain differences in social and economic situations of the four counties, and the ecological environment is generally good. The main agricultural resources in villages under investigation include beans and coarse cereals, while there are certain differences among other agricultural resources due to their location. [Conclusion] The living environment of the main inhabitances of Pumi people in Yunnan is good and there are plenty and characteristic agricultural resources which have certain potentiality for development in the future.

Family Farm Development in Southern Jiangsu and Countermeasures with a Case Study

The research reviewed the concept of family farm and analyzed family farm types including unified, facility rental-oriented, employment-oriented, circular and grain＆oil based family farms, as well as corresponding demands in technology and policies. Based on the analysis, the research proposed countermeasures and suggestions. It is necessary to define the range and scale on family farm before giving policy supports. It is important to establish access system of industry and commerce capital to rural areas to guarantee the operators in need be benefited from national preferential policies. Meanwhile, new system on land transfer should be established to guarantee security system for family farm, improve socialized service system and promote government-built production facilities operated by farmers.

Distribution of ice thickness and subglacial topography of the "Chinese Wall" around Kunlun Station,East Antarctica

As fundamental parameters of the Antarctic Ice Sheet,ice thickness and subglacial topography are critical factors for studying the basal conditions and mass balance in Antarctica.During CHINARE 24（the 24 th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,2007/08）,the research team used a deep ice-penetrating radar system to measure the ice thickness and subglacial topography of the ＂Chinese Wall＂ around Kunlun Station,East Antarctica.Preliminary results show that the ice thickness varies mostly from 1600 m to 2800 m along the ＂Chinese Wall＂,with the thickest ice being 3444 m,and the thinnest ice 1255 m.The average bedrock elevation is 1722 m,while the minimum is just 604 m.Compared with the northern side of the ice divide,the ice thickness is a little greater and the subglacial topography lower on the southern side,which is also characterized by four deep valleys.We found no basal freeze-on ice in the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains area,subglacial lakes,or water bodies along the ＂Chinese Wall＂.Ice thickness and subglacial topography data extracted from the Bedmap 2 database along the ＂Chinese Wall＂ are consistent with our results,but their resolution and accuracy are very limited in areas where the bedrock fluctuates intensely.The distribution of ice thickness and subglacial topography detected by ice-penetrating radar clarifies the features of the ice sheet in this ＂inaccessible＂ region.These results will help to advance the study of ice sheet dynamics and the determination of future locations of the GSM＇s geological and deep ice core drilling sites in the Dome A region.

追逐权力爱情,“撒娇遗书”变成催命符

牌桌上的一次偶然邂逅,手握大权的粗野局长与美貌的少妇一拍即合。然而,当少妇抛夫别女,一心扑向粗野局长时,粗野局长却有意“激流勇退”。无计可施的少妇写下遗嘱假意威胁,没想到一纸“撒娇遗书”,成了两个人的催命符。

Survey of the use by birds of various karst wetlands in southwestern Guangxi, southern China

The limestone area located in southwestern Guangxi in the south of China is part of a global biodiversity hotspot. As an important habitat of this limestone region, karst wetlands provide birds with necessary water conditions for their survival and reproduction. From 2007 to 2012, bird surveys were conducted in natural wetlands(pools, streams, springs and seasonal flows) in 14 nature reserves and 18 reservoirs in the limestone area of southwestern Guangxi. A total of 365 bird species were recorded in field investigations, including 103 water-dependent birds mainly seen in wetlands. Among these 103 birds, 10 species are globally threatened and 5 species have been placed under national key protection. The birds were selective in their use of the various types of karst wetlands. The number of bird species was the highest in pools and springs, with 304 and 266 respectively, followed by streams with 131 species. Reservoirs are the main wintering habitat for the large Natatores and in the rainy season the importance of seasonal flows is paramount. Seasonal changes in the utilization of karst wetlands by birds were obvious; the number of bird species in the dry season was much higher than during the rainy season. Bird migration and seasonal flows are the main reasons for seasonal variation in the number of water-dependent birds. These natural karst wetlands ensure the drinking water supply for more than 80% of the water-independent birds in the dry season. These karst wetlands are the wintering ground and stopover area for 58 species of migrant birds. At present, threats to the birds in the karst wetlands consist of illegal hunting, habitat changes and eucalyptus plantations. Karst wetlands are important for protecting biodiversity. More attention ought to be directed to these wetlands and protection efforts enhanced.

A New Species of the Genus Homidia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Jiangsu, China

The present paper deals with the description of a new collembolan species, Homidia fascia, sp. nov., It shares some characters with H. tibetensis Chen & Zhong, 1998, however, can be distinguished from the latter by color pattern, labial setae L 1 and R 2, posterior macrochaetae on Abd. IV and relative position of line connecting macrochaetae Pr & Ed to median furrow on ventral tube.

Effect of Different Vegetation Systems on Soil Erosion and Soil Nutrients in Red Soil Region of Southeastern China

The effect of different vegetation systems including bamboo plantation (BP), forest ecosystem (CF),citrus orchard (Ctr) and farmland (FL) on erosion and nutrients of red soil were investigated in hilly region of southeastern China to find effective control measures for soil erosion. The results showed that all the vegetation systems could significantly reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses compared to bare land (Br).The ability of different vegetation systems to conserve soil and water was in the order of Ctr ＞ BP ＞ CF ＞ FL ＞ Br. Vegetation could also improve soil fertility. The soil organic matter, total N and total P contents were much higher in all the vegetation systems than in bare land, especially for the top soils. Vegetation systems improved soil physical properties remarkably. Compared to the bare land, soil organic matter, TP,TK and available K, especially soil microbial biomass C, N and P, increased under all the vegetation covers.However, they were still much lower than expected, thus these biological measurements are still needed to be carried out continuously.