南高丛蓝莓南月实生后代果实品质研究

以南高丛蓝莓(Vaccinium corymbosum hybrids)品种南月(Southmoon)的39个表现较好的实生后代的果实为材料,从物理性状和生化指标的变异情况来分析和评价果实品质,以期筛选出表现优良的实生后代。结果表明实生后代在这两方面均出现明显变异,表现为单果质量为0.95～1.87g,变异系数为17.56%;果实蒂痕直径为1.60～3.63mm,变异系数为15.91%;单果种子数为4～74粒,变异系数为37.63%;可溶性固形物含量为10.64%～16.92%,变异系数为10.82%;可滴定酸含量为0.51%～2.93%,变异系数为41.41%;固酸比为3.7～25.52,变异系数为37.53%。在物理性状(单果质量、果实蒂痕直径、单果种子数)和生化指标(可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比)的三维散点图上均可将实生后代分为4组。在筛选出的加工用品种候选单株12个和鲜食用品种候选单株18个中,以A39、A47、A57、A81、A119、A160和A162选育为鲜食用品种的潜力最大。

南方高丛蓝浆果优选系初代培养及增殖能力的初步比较

对南方高丛蓝浆果品种南月及其实生后代10个优选系的初代培养和增殖能力进行初步比较研究。结果表明,在改良WPM+ZT 4 mg/L培养基上,11个供试材料间成枝率存在很大差异,其中A7、A18、A28、A131和A167的成枝率都在70%以上。在改良WPM+ZT 2 mg/L培养基上,11个供试材料间的增殖倍数也存在很大差异,A7、A47、A167和A119的增殖倍数均超过8倍。

三个日本梨新品种简介

1)南水。日本1973年用越后与新水杂交、播种育苗,1983年选出,作为南农梨1号进行特性试验观察,1990年6月获得品种法定登记。晚熟品种。果实扁圆形,平均果重360 g,果形整齐。果皮黄红色,果点中等,果面光滑。果肉白色,可溶性固形物含量15%左右,味酸甜、多汁,9月中旬到10月上旬成熟,与新星基本相同。无心腐、裂果、水蜜症状。耐贮藏,常温下可贮2周,冷藏可达2个月以上。树势中庸,树姿与新水相似,枝稍粗,节间长。叶较大,呈椭圆形。短果枝易成花,花期与二十世纪基本相同,可与二十世纪、幸水、丰水、新水、松岛等品种杂交,有较高的亲合性。抗黑星病。2)南月。

Monthly prediction of tropical cyclone activity over the South China Sea using the FGOALS-f2 ensemble prediction system

The monthly prediction skill for tropical cyclone(TC)activity in the South China Sea(SCS)during the typhoon season(July to November)was evaluated using the FGOALS-f2 ensemble prediction system.Specifically,the prediction skill of the system at a 10-day lead time for monthly TC activity is given based on 35-year(1981–2015)hindcasts with 24 ensemble members.The results show that FGOALS-f2 can capture the climatology of TC track densities in each month,but there is a delay in the monthly southward movement in the area of high track densities of TCs.The temporal correlation coefficient of TC frequency fluctuates across the different months,among which the highest appears in October(0.59)and the lowest in August(0.30).The rank correlation coefficients of TC track densities are relatively higher(R>0.6)in July,September,and November,while those in August and October are relatively lower(R within 0.2 to 0.6).For real-time prediction of TCs in 2020(July to November),FGOALS-f2 demonstrates a skillful probabilistic prediction of TC genesis and movement.Besides,the system successfully forecasts the correct sign of monthly anomalies of TC frequency and accumulated cyclone energy for 2020(July to November)in the SCS.

THE INTERANNUAL AND DECADAL VARIABILITY OF PRECIPITATION FOR YUNNAN PROVINCE IN RAINY SEASON AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH TROPICAL UPPER LAYER TEAT CONTENT

Based on the monthly precipitation data of 126 observation stations from 1961 to 2000 in Yunnan Province, the interannual and decadal variability of precipitation in rainy seasons are studied by using wavelet analysis. It is shown that there is a 2-6 year oscillation at the interannual time scales and a quasi-30 year oscillation at the decadal time scales. These periodic oscillations relate to the distribution of tropical heat content. When the precipitation is much more (less) than normal, the upper seawater is colder (warmer) in almost all the tropical Indian Ocean, and warmer (colder) in the western Pacific as well as colder (warmer) in the eastern Pacific. The key areas of the anomaly heat content distribution that have significant correlation to the Yunnan precipitation in rainy season are in the southern hemispheric Indian Ocean with a dipole pattern in the winter as well as in the deep basin of the South China Sea (SCS) before the Yunnan rainy season begins. Therefore, the anomalous distributions of the heat content in the southern Indian Ocean and the SCS In winter are good indicators for predicting drought or flood in Yunnan Province in the following rainy season.

Observed dryness and wetness variability in Shanghai during 1873-2005

Dryness and wetness variations on different time scales in Shanghai were analyzed using the Standardized Precipitation Index （SPI） based on monthly precipitation data for 1873-2005. The SPI on scales of 3, 6, 12 and 24 months has been calculated. The SPI on 3, 6, 12 and 24 months present 4 wet periods prevailed during 1873-1885, 1904-1923, 1938-1960 and 1983-2005, and 3 dry episodes during 1886-1903, 1924-1937 and 1961-1982. Significant periods of higher wavelet power in the SPI-24 months occurred on the time scales of 2-7-year band in around 1880-1890, 1910-1950 and 1970-1990, and at 8-15-year band in 1920-1960 and 1965-2000 respectively. Periodicities in the SOl and ENSO indices are similar to those in SPI-24 months with little difference, namely, in the SPI-24 months, there are significant periods at the 2-7- and 8-15-year bands during 1930-1940. The periodicity components in individual SPI-24 months, SOl and ENSO indices are more complicated, showing the wetness and dryness variability in Shanghai is controlled by more than one physical factors. The research results indicate that the Shanghai area has experienced dryness and wetness variability on different time scales during the past 133 years.

Submonthly timescale oscillation characteristics of the East Asian winter monsoon and its effect on the temperature of southwest China in 2010

Using NCEP/NCAR R2 reanalysis daily data and daily meteorologicalobservational data of southwest China in 2010, this paper studied the submonthlytimescale oscillation characteristics of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and itseffect on the temperature of southwest China in 2010 by bandpass filtering, wavelettransformation, composite analysis and correlation analysis. The main conclusions areas follows: The EAWM in 2010 was dominated by low-frequency oscillations of about 7-,12-, and 30-day periods. There existed obviously negative correlation between theEAWM and the winter temperature in southwest China on submonthly, quasi-weeklyand quasi-biweekly timescales, and negative correlation was more obvious on thequasi-biweekly than the quasi-weekly timescale. There was significant difference in thedistribution of high, middle and low layer of the troposphere when the EAWM was onthe submonthly, quasi-one-week and quasi-two-week timescales in the positive andnegative phase. In the positive EAWM phase, the upper-level subtropical westerly jet isstronger and the East Asia trough is deeper, thus it is favorable for the dominance ofmore powerful north wind and lower temperature in southwest China. On the contrary,in the negative EAWM phase, the upper-level subtropical westerly jet is weaker and theEast Asia trough is shallower, thus unfavorable for the north wind and lowertemperature in southwest China.

THE ANALYSIS ON THE STATISTICAL CHARACTER OF QUIKSCAT SCATTEROMETER WINDS AND STRONG WIND FREQUENCY USING REMOTE SENSOR DATA FROM QUIKSCAT

The statistical character of QuikSCAT scatterometer winds is showed. And Monthly change and special distribution character of strong wind frequency and monthly wind fields in South China Sea is analyzed. It is shown in the result that the QuikSCAT scatterometer winds can be relied upon for the South China Sea; two winds, one the wintertime northeasterly and the other summertime southwesterly. The northeasterly centers at the Bashi Strait and Taiwam Strait and its secondary center and the maximum center of the southwesterly are in the central and southern South China Sea.