海洋装备用电缆南海海洋环境加速试验研究

通过自然环境谱设计实验室加速试验谱,对交联聚烯烃护套电缆开展了南海海洋大气环境试验和实验室组合试验,并且根据外观、机械性能检测了护套在西沙户外不同周期大气暴露试验和实验室组合试验后的性能变化规律,并进行相关性计算。结果表明,由湿热、光老化和盐雾三种试验组成的组合试验与自然环境试验的相关强度是极强相关。

南海海洋环境安全问题研究

环境安全已经成为国家安全的极为重要因素,海洋环境安全则关乎国家安全,关乎经济持续发展,关乎人类安全。随着南海问题国际冲突的不断加剧,南海的海洋环境安全问题也日益突出。南海的海洋环境安全既涉及我国的国家利益,也牵动南海周边国家安全以及世界安全。影响南海海洋环境安全的因素是多方面的,解决南海海洋环境安全问题,一方面要加强国际合作,另一方面,各国应构建综合性的制度,方能保障南海的海洋环境安全,从而在构建和谐的国际秩序的同时,实现人类社会的持续发展。

南海海洋环境下关键电器设备腐蚀环境净化技术研究

南海海洋大气环境下,电器设备腐蚀问题形势非常严峻,严重影响生产任务和财产安全,非常有必要对电器设备采取有效的防护措施。开展了电器设备服役微环境腐蚀严酷度量化表征方法研究以及南海海洋环境下电器设备腐蚀环境净化技术研究,采用适当的腐蚀环境净化技术为关键电器设备内部提供洁净的空气,从而实现对电器设备的有效保护。

论南海海洋环境保护公众参与制度的完善

海洋环境保护是全球范围内人们的共同责任,公众成为海洋环境保护的主要力量,因此,公众参与制度成为现代民主国家海洋保护环境的重要制度。近年来,南海周边各国都加快了对南海的开发利用,导致了南海海洋环境的恶化。我国南海海洋环境保护公众参与制度的完善有助于南海海洋环境的保护。针对目前我国海洋环境保护中的公众参与制度还存在参与范围狭窄、公众参与的权利不明确、参与的程序没保障等问题,应在南海海洋环境保护中先行试验,以完善我国海洋环境保护公众参与制度。

南海区域性海洋生态环境治理机制研究——以全球海洋生态环境治理为视角

全球海洋生态环境治理作为改善全球海洋环境、构建人海和谐发展模式的新进选择途径,仍缺乏统一的概念,相关理念尚未清晰,对此可以采取概念分析的方法逐步厘清其逻辑起点与特征。通过分析"区域海项目"、UNEP等国际性组织以及区域性组织这三方面所主导的现行南海海洋生态环境治理机制的不足,依据全球海洋生态环境治理的理念和特征,提出如下建议:以把握好中国与东盟治理角色定位、倡导多元主体参与为切入点,建立以规则制度建设为核心、组织管理机制与行动机制为支撑的南海区域性海洋生态环境治理机制。通过构建富有特色的南海区域性海洋生态环境治理机制,助力早日实现"海洋命运共同体"。

A study of response of thermocline in the South China Sea to ENSO events

This paper investigates the response of the thermocline depth(TD) in the South China Sea(SCS) to the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) events using 51-year(from 1960 to 2010) monthly seawater temperature and surface wind stress data acquired from the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA), together with heat flux data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP), precipitation data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) and evaporation data from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution(WHOI). It is indicated that the response of the SCS TD to the El Ni?o or La Ni?a events is in opposite phase. On one hand, the spatial-averaged TDs in the SCS(deeper than 200 m) appear as negative and positive anomalies during the mature phase of the El Ni?o and La Ni?a events, respectively. On the other hand, from June of the El Ni?o year to the subsequent April, the spatial patterns of TD in the north and south of 12°N appear as negative and positive anomalies, respectively, but present positive and negative anomalies for the La Ni?a case. However, positive and negative TD anomalies occur almost in the entire SCS in May of the subsequent year of the El Ni?o and La Ni?a events, respectively. It is suggested that the response of the TD in the SCS to the ENSO events is mainly caused by the sea surface buoyancy flux and the wind stress curl.

Hydrodynamic Comparison of a Semi-submersible,TLP,and Spar:Numerical Study in the South China Sea Environment

The South China Sea contains tremendous oil and gas resources in deepwater areas. However, one of the keys for deepwater exploration, the investigation of deepwater floating platforms, is very inadequate. In this paper, the authors studied and compared the hydrodynamics and global motion behaviors of typical deepwater platforms in the South China Sea environment. The hydrodynamic models of three main types of floating platforms, e.g. the Semi-submersible, tension leg platform （TLP）, and Truss Spar, which could potentially be utilized in the South China Sea, were established by using the 3-D potential theory. Additionally, some important considerations which significantly influence the hydrodynamics were given. The RAOs in frequency domains as well as global motions in time domains under time-varying wind, random waves, and current in 100-y, 10-y, and 1-y return period environment conditions were predicted, compared, and analyzed. The results indicate that the heave and especially the pitch motion of the TLP are favorable. The heave response of the Truss Spar is perfect and comparable with that of the TLP when the peak period of random waves is low. However, the pitch motion of Truss Spar is extraordinarily lar^er than that of Semi-submersible and TLP.

Diatom assemblages in surface sediments from the South China Sea as environmental indicators

We studied diatom distribution from 62 samples from the uppermost 1 cm of sedimem in the South China Sea （SCS）, using grabs or box corers in three cruises between 2001-2007. Fifty six genera, 256 species and their varieties were identified. Dominating species included Coscinodiscus africanus, Coscinodiscus nodulifer, Cyclotella stylorum, Hemidiscus cuneiformis, Melosira sulcata, Nitzschia marina, Roperia tesselata, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Thalassiosira excentrica, and Thalassiothrix longissima. Most surface sediments in the SCS were rich ill diatoms, except for a few coarse samples. Average diatom abundance in the study area was 104 607 valve/g. In terms of the abundance, ecology, and spatial distribution, seven diatom zones （Zones 1-7） were recognized. Zone 1 （northern continental shelf） is affected by warm currents, SCS northern branch of the Kuroshio, and northern coastal currents; Zone 2 （northwestern continental shelf） is affected by intense coastal currents; Zone 3 （Xisha Islands sea area） is a bathyal environment with transitional water masses; Zone 4 （sea basin） is a bathyal-to-deep sea with stable and uniform central water masses in a semi-enclosed marginal sea; Zone 5 （Nansba Islands marine area） is a pelagic environment with relatively high surface temperature; Zone 6 （northern Sunda Shelf） is a tropical shelf environment; and Zone 7 （northern Kalimantan Island shelf area） is affected by warm waters from the Indian Ocean and coastal waters. The data indicate that these diatom zones are closely related to topography, hydrodynamics, temperature, nutrients and especially the salinity. Better understanding of the relationship between diatom distribution and the oceanographic factors would help in the reconstruction of the SCS in the past.

Characteristics of Growth Rate of Coral Porites from Sanya Bay,Hainan Island and its Relationship to Environmental Variables

The time series of annual and seasonal growth rate of two coral Porites, collected at different sites of fringe reef in the Sanya Bay, Hainan Island have been obtained by analyzing X-radiograph of skeletal band. There are obvious seasonal variations of the growth rate in two corals, the average low rate in winter and the average high rate from spring to autumn. Compared with the time series of environmental variables, the coral growth rate is only correlated statistically with seawater temperature and not related to rainfall and sunshine. Furthermore, the growth rate in spring and summer is correlated directly with seawater temperature of the winter-early spring ( between December and March ) and the other seasonal growth rate has no relationship with seasonal variations of seawater temperature. We propose that seawater temperature is one of the factors affecting the coral growth rate in the area and the low seawater temperature is a primary control of the seasonal growth rate.

Biomarker evidence for paleoenvironmental changes in the southern Yellow Sea over the last 8200 years

Previous studies have indicated that the Yellow Sea underwent significant environmental changes during the Holocene, but many questions remain concerning the timing of the establishment of the modern circulation system, which would have major implications for the Yellow Sea ecosystem and carbon cycle. In this study, marine and terrestrial biomarkers were analyzed in Core YE-2 from a muddy area in the southern Yellow Sea to reconstruct Holocene environmental and phytoplankton community change. The content of three individual marine phytoplankton biomarkers (alkenones, brassicasterol and dinosterol) all display a similar trend, and their total contents during the early Holocene (362 ng/g) were lower than those during the mid-late Holocene (991 ng/g). On the other hand, the contents of terrestrial biomarkers (C27+C29+C31n-alkanes) during the early Holocene (1 661 ng/g) were about three times higher than those during the mid-late Holocene (499 ng/g). Our biomarker results suggest that the modern circulation system of the Yellow Sea was established by 5-6 ka, and resulted in higher marine productivity and lower terrestrial organic matter inputs. Biomarker ratios were used to estimate shifts in phytoplankton community structure in response to mid-Holocene (5-6 ka) environmental changes in the Yellow Sea, revealing a transition from a dinoflagellate-diatom dominant community structure during the early Holocene to a coccolithophore-dominant community structure during the mid-late Holocene.

Characterization and modeling of wind-dominated ambient noise in South China Sea

The action of wind on the sea surface plays an important role in the noise generation mechanism.Sea surface wind speed can be estimated accurately provided there is an accurate understanding of the relationship between the ocean ambient noise and wind speed.Many measurements and analyses of the wind dependence of ambient noise have been conducted.The approximate empirical rule given by Wenz[1]states that in the frequency band between 0.5and 5 kHz,the ambient sea-noise spectrum levels decrease