南海珠江深水扇系统的形成特征与控制因素

到2001年底,已从全球六大洲18个盆地大于水深500m地域发现580亿桶油当量,90%的油气储量发现于深水浊流沉积体系,这是与近三十年来在全球范围内对深水海域的不懈探索与科学技术进步有着密切的关系。南海珠江深水扇系统特指广布于南海珠江口盆地近海海域上第三系深水沉积物,主体位于盆地南缘珠二坳陷,属与陆架边缘三角洲体系相联系的、发育于低水位时期的深水沉积系统,其形成具有重要的地质背景,它处于若干重大地质事件的交汇地域,具对应于青藏高原隆升的沉积响应,有独特的由持续沉降所体现的纵向叠置特征,并因应于全球海平面升降变化、呈幕式推进的海侵型沉积系列,构成极为理想的油气储盖组合。因此,以时间耦合、空间耦合与地球动力学耦合为扭带,用整体、系统的论点研讨与分析南海深水扇系统的形成特征,获得一球五源(缘)是南海深水扇系统的主控因素的结论。

南海珠江深水扇系统的微观内幕结构研究

本文首次探索在以二维地震资料为主的条件下开展深水扇系统的微观内幕研究。结果表明:在珠江口盆地白云凹陷中的南海珠江深水扇系统中能较好地由浅至深识别出多套地层(尤其是浅部地层)中存在的多种类型的深切谷、峡谷、水道,各有不同地质成因机制。能识别的典型扇体微观结构类型包括丘形体、席状体、水道化沉积及朵叶体等,往往分别指示某些特殊的沉积环境,并且最可能构成潜在的深水油气圈闭的良好储层。在二维地震资料条件下容易识别的深水扇系统微观内幕结构类型比较有限,在空间上追踪典型微观内幕结构也相对比较困难,但是若能全面认识区域构造及沉积背景,综合利用相关资料减少对地震反射结构解释的多解性,就有望对扇体的微观内幕结构进行深入剖析,深化对扇体的地质认识,从而指导油气勘探。

南海北部陆坡古地貌特征与13.8Ma以来珠江深水扇

综合利用层序地层学和地球物理方法对珠江口盆地白云凹陷13.8 M a以来沉积古地貌进行了分析。通过对南海珠江深水扇系统分布及其独特的沉积特征和层序充填演化规律的分析,得出在13.8 M a以来层序发育过程中,凹陷位于宽阔陆架向海盆变迁的陆坡区,北部发育两种类型的峡谷水道,向南海盆方向逐渐变得宽缓;盆地的古地貌背景、物源和气候变化为其主控因素的结论。同时,13.8 M a以来南海北部陆坡深水区的沉积具有明显的继承性特点,现今的海底峡谷发育特点基本反映了整体的沉积背景。结果表明,白云凹陷13.8 M a以来的深水沉积受海平面相对变化的影响相对较弱,主要受古地貌背景及其变迁的控制,沉积具有继承性,与现今的沉积面貌非常相似。

海相砂岩油田高含水期精细油藏描述及剩余油分布研究

海上油田高含水期剩余油分布复杂,优势渗流通道砂体与隔夹层分布特征决定了剩余油分布,是剩余油主控地质因素。如何准确刻画与表征储层内部的优势渗流通道砂体及隔夹层,明确剩余油分布特征,认清油田调整挖潜的剩余潜力,是油藏描述面临的主要问题。针对南海珠江口盆地西江油田(XJ油田)高含水期面临的优势渗流通道砂体认识不清以及隔夹层分布难以刻画的地质问题,探讨形成海相砂岩油田高含水期精细油藏描述的关键技术。基于“差异放大”理念的精细地层细分与对比技术,解决了精细地层格架建立困难的问题;“波形与属性结合”的优势砂体刻画技术明确了储层砂体的分布范围与空间叠置关系,为识别优势渗流通道砂体与认识渗流特征提供依据;“非均质性分级表征”的三维地质建模技术将储层内部控制剩余油分布的优势渗流通道砂体、隔夹层、储层渗流差异表征在地质模型中。在精细地质模型及数值模拟的基础上定量表征剩余油空间分布特征,为剩余油挖潜和调整方案的实施提供地质依据。

CNOOC,TARC Jointly to Explore for Pearl River Mouth Basin

China National Offshore Oil Corporation （CNOOC） announced on Oct.18 that it has signed a production share contract （PSC） for Block 03/27 and a geophysical survey agreement for Block 28/20 with Texas American Resources Company （TARC）. Mr. Zhou Shouwei, Vice General Manager of CNOOC Ltd., and Mr. David Honeycutt, President of TARC, were present at the signing ceremony. This marks the first step in cooperation between TARC and CNOOC.

Metabolic and Phylogenetic Profile of Bacterial Community in Guishan Coastal Water(Pearl River Estuary), South China Sea

Characteristics of a microbial community are important as they indicate the status of aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the metabolic and phylogenetic profile of the bacterioplankton community in Guishan coastal water(Pearl River Estuary), South China Sea, at 12 sites(S1–S12) were explored by community-level physiological profiling(CLPP) with BIOLOG Eco-plate and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE). Our results showed that the core mariculture area(S6, S7 and S8) and the sites associating with human activity and sewage discharge(S11 and S12) had higher microbial metabolic capability and bacterial community diversity than others(S1–5, S9–10). Especially, the diversity index of S11 and S12 calculated from both CLPP and DGGE data(H >3.2) was higher than that of others as sewage discharge may increase water nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient. The bacterial community structure of S6, S8, S11 and S12 was greatly influenced by total phosphorous, salinity and total nitrogen. Based on DGGE fingerprinting, proteobacteria, especially γ- and α-proteobacteria, were found dominant at all sites. In conclusion, the aquaculture area and wharf had high microbial metabolic capability. The structure and composition of bacterial community were closely related to the level of phosphorus, salinity and nitrogen.

Potential Submarine Geologic Hazards at the Entrance of the Pearl River Estuary in the Northern South China Sea

The potential submarine geologic hazards were distinguished and categorized at the entrance of the Pearl River Estuary in the northern South China Sea, based upon the analysis of side scan sonar and sub-bottom profiler surveying data of about 2500 km long, in an area about 2000 km^2 around the Wanshan Archipelago. The data obtained in the survey has the highest spatial resolution by far, which could reveal more detailed distributions and characteristics of the geologic hazards than before. In the study region, three paleo-channels that were buried about 10–30 m below the seabed were found; more than 10 shallow gas areas were discovered. The sand waves found in the region were generally small and located near the islands, and twenty pockmarks found on the seabed were mostly concentrated to north of Zhuzhou island. There are also many man-made obstacles in the region, such as wreckages, pipeline, etc. In this paper we provide a detailed distribution map of the submarine geologic hazards in this region for the first time, and discuss their formation and harmfulness, which will provide a scientific basis for marine engineering construction, marine geologic disaster prevention and mitigation.

Comment on "Estimation of potential distribution of gas hydrate in the northern South China Sea" by Chunjuan Wang et al.

Herein we would like to comment on the paper ＂Estimation of potential distribution of gas hydrate in the northern South China Sea＂ by Wang et al. 2010 in Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Lirnnology, 28（3）： 693-699. The purpose of this comment is to point out that the given probabilities of gas hydrate occtwrence in the northern Zhujiang Mouth Basin and the Yinggehai Basin in the figure of Wang et al. （2010） are improper. After introducing our work of estimation of gas hydrate stability distribution in the northern South China Sea, we suggest that Wang et al. （2010） dismissed the basic P-T rule for the existence of gas hydrate. They should consider more the variables of water depth, seabed temperature and geothermal gradient in their gas hydrate distribution model in future studies.

Texture and tectonic attribute of Cenozoic basin basement in the northern South China Sea

Based on the drilling data,the geological characteristics of the coast in South China,and the interpretation of the long seismic profiles covering the Pearl River Mouth Basin and southeastern Hainan Basin,the basin basement in the northern South China Sea is divided into four structural layers,namely,Pre-Sinian crystalline basement,Sinian-lower Paleozoic,upper Paleozoic,and Mesozoic structural layers.This paper discusses the distribution range and law and reveals the tectonic attribute of each structural layer.The Pre-Sinian crystalline basement is distributed in the northern South China Sea,which is linked to the Pre-Sinian crystalline basement of the Cathaysian Block and together they constitute a larger-scale continental block—the Cathaysian-northern South China Sea continental block.The Sinian-lower Paleozoic structural layer is distributed in the northern South China Sea,which is the natural extension of the Caledonian fold belt in South China to the sea area.The sediments are derived from southern East China Sea-Taiwan,Zhongsha-Xisha islands and Yunkai ancient uplifts,and some small basement uplifts.The Caledonian fold belt in the northern South China Sea is linked with that in South China and they constitute the wider fold belt.The upper Paleozoic structural layer is unevenly distributed in the northern South China.In the basement of Beibu Gulf Basin and southwestern Taiwan Basin,the structural layer is composed of the stable epicontinental sea deposit.The distribution areas in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and the southeastern Hainan Basin belong to ancient uplifts in the late Paleozoic,lacking the upper Paleozoic structural layers.The stratigraphic distribution and sedimentary environment in Middle-Late Jurassic to Cretaceous are characteristic of differentiation in the east and the west.The marine,paralic deposit is well developed in the basin basement of southwestern Taiwan but the volcanic activity is not obvious.The marine and paralic facies deposit is distributed in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin basement and the volcanic activity is stronger.The continental facies volcano-sediment in the Early Cretaceous is distributed in the basement of the western Pearl River Mouth Basin and Southeastern Hainan Basin.The Upper Cretaceous red continental facies clastic rocks are distributed in the Beibu Gulf Basin and Yinggehai Basin.The NE direction granitic volcanic-intrusive complex,volcano-sedimentary basin,fold and fault in Mesozoic basement have the similar temporal and spatial distribution,geological feature,and tectonic attribute with the coastal land in South China,and they belong to the same magma-deposition-tectonic system,which demonstrates that the late Mesozoic structural layer was formed in the background of active continental margin.Based on the analysis of basement structure and the study on tectonic attribute,the paleogeographic map of the basin basement in different periods in the northern South China Sea is compiled.