低丘红壤复合农林系统光能竞争与生产力——以花生南酸枣间作为例

An agro-forestrial intercopping field experiment on Choerospondias axillaris cropped with Arachis hypogaea was undertaken in Subtropical China,to study the effect of agro-forestrial intercopping on photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) and yield of crop.The results showed that there was a significant decline in PAR and A. hypogaea yield in agro-forestrial systems.Compared to sole A. hypogaea , A. hypogaea yield in equivalent area was decreased by 35.9% and 44.6% in 5 year old and 9 year old Choerospondias axillaris agro-forestrial systems,respectively.In addition,there was a significant spatial variability of PAR and A. hypogaea yield in agro-forestrial systems,and they increased with distance from tree line.Moreover, A. hypogaea yield had a significant correlation to PAR,which indicated that competition for light is one of the key factors to decrease yield of A. hypogaea .

五内酯E和长南酸的分离与结构

从浙江临安产的长梗南五味子(Kadsura longipedunculata Finet.et Gagnep.)根皮中分得2个新三萜化合物:五内酯E(Schisanlactone E,1)和长南酸(changnanic acid,2),以及3个已知物:五内酯B(schisanlactone B,3)、meso-二氢愈创木脂酸(meso-dihydoguaiaretic acid,4)和β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,5).1和2在体外对白血病p-358细胞有明显地抑制作用,IC_(50)分别为1μg/mL和10μg/mL.本文报道其分离、鉴定与结构研究.

南酸枣果汁的研制

南酸枣是含有丰富营养成分和具有独特风味的野生水果。南酸枣果汁的加工首先是进行前处理，沸水热烫10～15分钟；然后用果胶酶分解，加水比为1：6～10，果胶酶用量为0．1～0．3％，时间为5～8小时．粗滤后加入明胶和丹宁进行澄清处理，用量分别为0．02～0．04％和0．01～0．02％。澄清时间为5～10小时．采用硅藻土过滤机过滤，可保证果汁的澄清透明．经真空脱气机脱气及超高温瞬时灭菌机灭菌，去除果汁中的氧和空气、杀灭果汁中的微生物，可提高果汁的货架期．

南酸枣引种育苗初报

南酸枣在信阳经引种栽培生长良好。播种育苗获得成功，其1年生苗木生长超过香椿、乌桕、女贞。

湘西南酸汤话的演变与归属

湘西南酸汤话是酸汤苗说的汉语方言,主要分布在湖南省西南地区会同、靖州、通道等地。湘西南酸汤话是当地苗族居民向汉人学习湘语过程中形成的中介语,在演变过程中受到了官话和赣语的影响。湘西南酸汤话属于湘语。

南五加萜酸对大鼠实验性溃疡的作用

南五加萜酸具有生胃酮样抗溃疡活性,剂量为50～100mg/kg时对大鼠消炎痛型、幽门结扎型和无水乙醇型溃疡模型均具有良好的保护作用。南五加萜酸可显著升高幽门结扎大鼠胃液中氨基己糖含量,对胃液分泌和胃蛋白酶活性无明显影响,提示其可增加胃粘膜的保护因素。生胃酮对大鼠尿Na^+及K^+的排泄均有明显的抑制作用,对钠负荷大鼠有增加尿K^+排泄的作用;但南五加萜酸对正常及钠负荷大鼠尿Na^+及K^+的排泄均无明显影响,提示其不会引起动物和人水钠潴留。

加工高硫高酸原油设备的腐蚀分析与防腐措施

介绍了济南分公司近几年所加工原油的基本性质,通过分析原油中有机硫和有机酸等腐蚀性杂质在原油加工过程中的变化情况和分布规律,介绍了设备和管线的腐蚀程度及腐蚀类型,对设备的腐蚀形貌和腐蚀程度进行了较为详细的描述,进而分析造成设备腐蚀的各类腐蚀环境及腐蚀机理,最后提出预防腐蚀的相应措施。

基于低渗透成因分析的储层分类方法——以临南洼陷带沙三段下亚段碎屑岩储层为例

临南洼陷带沙三段下亚段碎屑岩储层非常发育,而低渗透、特低渗透储层所占比例较高,难动用储量大。在研究储层微观特征及低渗透成因的基础上,将研究区沙三段下亚段低渗透——特低渗透碎屑岩储层划分为4大类10小类,并分析了各类储层的微观主控因素和增产改造方法。A类储层仅需对钻井液污染带进行针对性的酸洗处理即可具备较好的自然产能,将其命名为自然产能控低渗透储层;B类储层可以利用酸液溶蚀碳酸盐胶结物、增大孔隙度和渗透率,从而获得较好产能,将其命名为酸化控低渗透——特低渗透储层;C类储层根据填隙物类型分为粗晶——连晶碳酸盐胶结类型、泥质胶结类型、塑性组分充填类型和次生石英胶结类型4小类,不同类型采取不同酸化和压裂措施能取得一定的效果,将其命名为酸压控低渗透——特低渗透储层;D类储层压裂和酸化效果均较差,将其命名为力求产特低渗透储层。

五味子藤茎的化学成分研究

目的:研究五味子(Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill)藤茎化学成分。方法:利用硅胶柱色谱、ODS反相柱色谱结合HPLC技术,对五味子藤茎95%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,并通过NMR和MS等波谱学方法鉴定结构。结果:分离鉴定了8个化合物,分别为arisanschinin M(1)、Schisandroside A(2)、Schisandroside B(3)、Schisandroside D(4)、五味子丙素(5)、五味子乙素(6)、戈米辛N(7)、南五味子酸(8)。结论:化合物1为首次从该种植物中分离得到。

Difference Analysis on Contents of Gallic Acid and Catechins of Tea Resources from Yunnan Province

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the difference in the contents of gallic acid and catechins of tea resources from Yunnan Province. [Method] By using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, the contents of gallic acid （GA）, catechins （C）, epicatechin （EC）, epigallocatechin （EGC）, epicatechin gallate （ECG） and epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） of 121 tea germplasms from the China National Germplasm Tea Repositories （CNGTR） at the Tea Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences （TRIYAAS） were measured. [Result] The content of GA ranged from 0.210% to 1.902%, with an average of 0.834%, explaining rela- tively low GA content among tea germplasms. The content of C ranged from 0.069% to 8.865%, with an average of 1.916%. The content of EC ranged from 0.126% to 2.865%, with an average of 1.112%. The content of EGC ranged from 0.00% to 3.709%, with an average of 0.954%. The content of ECG ranged from 0.739% to 8.957%, with an average of 4.063%. The content of EGCG ranged from 0.819% to 11.77%, with an average of 5.939%. The content of total C ranged from 6.354% to 22.654%, with an average of 14.042%. [Conclusion] There was relatively big difference of catechin contents among different tea resources, indicating that there was plentiful biodiversity of Yunnan tea germplasms. At the same time, three tea germplasms with high epigallocatechin gallate content （≥10%） was selected preliminarily, which would provide important materials for breeding tea cultivars with high EGCG content in the future.

Isolation of an Arabidopsis Gene Encoding Ins (1,3,4) P_3 5/6-Kinase-like Protein and Involved in Plant Response to Abiotic Stresses

By mRNA differential display from control versus NaCl_shocked Arabidopsis seedlings, we screened an Arabidopsis 3′ partial cDNA, which represents a gene encoding inositol 1,3,4_trisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4)P 3) 5/6_kinase_like protein. Northern blotting analysis showed that the gene, named as AtITL1, is strongly induced by NaCl and low temperature, but not induced by drought and abscisic acid (ABA). Analysis of 5′ region of the AtITL1 found that there are dehydration_responsive element/C_repeat (DRE/CRT) cis _acting elements, but no elements related to G_box and ABRE (ABA_responsive element) in its 5′ region, which is consistent with the expression patterns of the AtITL1 independent of ABA. These results suggest that the AtITL1 may be involved in the osmotic stress response pathway independent of ABA.

Nitric Oxide Production is Involved in Inhibition Growth of Salicylate at Chilling Temperature

[Objective] The aim was to investigate whether NO is involved in the inhibitory effect of salicylic acid on the growth at low temperature in Arabidopsis.[Method] The endogenous NO level in roots of wild-type and NahG mutant growing at 22 or 4 ℃ was measured with NO-specific probe DAF-FM DA staining method.[Result] NO level in plants growing at 4 ℃ for a long term could be increased with time;low temperature could induce NO production in wild-type and NahG mutant,and the NO level in NahG mutant with low level of salicylic acid was significantly lower than that in wild-type.[Conclusion] NO was involved in the inhibitory effect of salicylic acid on the growth of Arabidopsis at low temperature.

Regulation of Heat Shock Factor AtHsfA1a on Ascorbate Peroxidase under Heat Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the regulation of heat shock factor AtHsfA1a on ascorbate peroxidase under heat stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. [Method] After heat stress treatment on transgenetic A. thaliana with silenced endogenetic AtHsfA1a gene and wild A. thaliana plants as materials, the change in activity of APX enzyme was analyzed by spectrophotometry, the expression level of APX gene was investigated by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and the binding condition of AtHsfAla with the promoter region of APX gene was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. [Result] The activity and mRNA level of APX in plants with silenced endogenetic AtHsfAla gene were higher than those in wild plants. Fragments of the promoter region of APX gene were not screened from the plants with silenced endogenetic AtHsfA1a gene, but found in wild plants. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical basis for the understanding of the important role of AtHsfAla in resistance to stress in plant, and is of great significance to the revealing of mechanism of resistance to stress in plant.

Leaching potential and changes in components of metals in two acidic ferrisols

Two acidic ferrisols, i.e., red soil （RS） and yellow red soil （YRS）, from the vicinity regions of non-ferrous ores in Hunan province of China, were leached with simulated acid rain through artificial column experiments. The results show that the total leaching mass of metals are m（Zn）〉m（Cu）〉m（Cd） from the original soils and m（Cd）〉m（Zn）〉〉 m（Cu） from the contaminated soils with external metals after leaching for 60 d continuously, leaching quantities of Cd and Zn from the contaminated red soil （CRS） are more than that from the contaminated yellow red soil （CYRS）, but for Cu, it is almost the same. The preferential fractions for leaching are mainly in exchangeable forms, and content of exchangeable forms decreases significantly in the contaminated soil profiles. The unstable fractions of Cd, Cu and Zn in the RS and YRS increase significantly with the decrease of pH value of simulated acid rain. Changes of fi, actions of external Cd, Cu, and Zn in the residual CRS and CYRS profiles are significantly affected by the acidity of acid rain, too. After leaching for 60 d continuously, Cd exists mostly in exchangeable form, Cu exists mainly in exchangeable, manganese oxide-occluded and organically bounding forms, and Zn exists in residual in CRS and CYRS profiles. Most of exchangeable Cd and Zn exist only small in surface layer （0-20 cm） and are transferred to the sub-layers, contrarily, Cu accumulates mostly in the topsoil （0-20 cm） with low translocation.

IP_3 Sensitive Calcium Channel Involved in the Jasmonic Acid Induced Calcium Mobilization

[Objective] This study was to investigate the role of IP3 sensitive calcium channel in the JA-induced calcium mobilization pathway.[Method] Arabidopsis thaliana leaves were labeled by Fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM under low temperature at 4 ℃ to measure the fluorescent intensity of intracellular Ca2＋ which was pretreated with heparin on jasmonic acid（JA）-induced.[Results] When A.thaliana leaf cells were pretreated with 10,50 or 100 ng/ml heparin,intercellular free Ca2＋ fluorescence intensity was reduced in comparison with negative control.Once the heparin-pretreated A.thaliana leaf cells were stimulated with 100 μmol/L JA,intercellular Ca2＋ fluorescence intensity increased gradually and tended to be stable at a degree equivalent with that in negative control.[Conclusion] The experiment showed that the pretreatment with heparin could inhibit the increase of the intracellular Ca2＋ concentration significantly which JA-induced in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Overexpression of Proline Transporter Gene Isolated from Halophyte Confers Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Proline is one of the most important and widespread osmolyte which functions in adaptation to adverse environmental stresses in many organisms. Also it is an important carbon and nitrogen resource in higher plants. Metabolism of proline has been elucidated in many plant species. However, transport of proline was poorly characterized although transport system plays an important role in proline distribution in different tissues. We isolated one full_length cDNA encoding proline transporter from the typical halophyte: Atriplex hortensis L. through cDNA library screening and 5′_RACE. The deduced amino acid sequence had eleven transmembrane domains, showed 60%-69% similarities to other ProTs and the gene was designated AhProT1. In the phylogenetic tree, higher plants' ProTs, e.g. AhProT1, showed more similar to ProP from microorganisms than ProT from mammalians. AhProT1 gene was transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana under 35S promoter. In MS medium containing [U_ 14 C] proline, AhProT1 + plants were able to accumulate much more radiolabeled proline in the roots than control plants. In MS medium containing different concentrations of NaCl, AhProT1 + plants could endure 200 mmol/L NaCl and keep development and biomass increase with proline supply, whereas control plants died back at 150 mmol/L NaCl.

Effects of ocean acidification on the metabolic rates of three species of bivalve from southern coast of China

Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide results in a decrease in seawater pH, a process known as "ocean acidification". The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis, and the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis are species of economic and ecological importance along the southern coast of China. We evaluated the effects of seawater acidification on clearance, respiration, and excretion rates in these three species. The animals were reared in seawater at pH 8.1 (control), 7.7, or 7.4. The clearance rate was highest at pH 7.7 for P. fucata and at pH 8.1 for C. nobilis and P. viridis. The pH had little effecton the respiration rate of P. fucata and P. viridis. In contrast, the respiration rate was significantly lower atpH 7.4 in C. nobilis. The excretion rate was significantly lower at pH 7.4 than pH 8.1 for all species. Theresults indicate that the reduction in seawater pH likely affected the metabolic process (food intake, oxygenconsumption, and ammonia excretion) of these bivalves. Different species respond differently to seawateracidification. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the exact mechanisms for this effect and evaluateadaptability of these bivalves to future acidified oceans.

The importance of non-carbonate mineral weathering as a soil formation mechanism within a karst weathering profile in the SPECTRA Critical Zone Observatory, Guizhou Province,China

Soil degradation, including rocky desertification,of the karst regions in China is severe. Karst landscapes are especially sensitive to soil degradation as carbonate rocks are nutrient-poor and easily eroded. Understanding the balance between soil formation and soil erosion is critical for long-term soil sustainability, yet little is known about the initial soil forming processes on karst terrain. Herein we examine the initial weathering processes of several types of carbonate bedrock containing varying amounts of non-carbonate minerals in the SPECTRA Critical Zone Observatory, Guizhou Province, Southwest China. We compared the weathering mechanisms of the bedrock to the mass transfer of mineral nutrients in a soil profile developed on these rocks and found that soil formation and nutrient contents are strongly dependent upon the weathering of interbedded layers of more silicate-rich bedrock(marls). Atmospheric inputs from dust were also detected.

The Arabidopsis AS2 Gene Encoding a Predicted Leucine-zipper Protein Is Required for the Leaf Polarity Formation

The asymmetric leaves2 ( as2) is a classical Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. mutant that shows leaf lobes and leaflet-like structures from the petioles of leaves. Genetic and molecular analyses have demonstrated that the AS2 function is required for repression of meristem-related homeobox genes in leaves. In this study, we describe phenotypic characterizations of new as2 alleles that are in the Landsberg erecta (Ler) genetic background. In addition to the as2 phenotypes reported previously, the new as2 mutants have some leaves with petiole growth underneath the leaf blade, showing a lotus-leaf structure. More severe rosettes leaves of the as2 mutants form a filament-like structure, reflecting a loss of the adaxial-abaxial polarity in leaves. Among as2 mutants analyzed in different genetic backgrounds, only those that are in the Ler genetic background resulted in a high frequency of the lotus-leaf structure. We have isolated the AS2 gene by map-based gene cloning. The predicted AS2 protein contains a leucine-zipper motif, and its N-terminus shares high levels of sequence similarity to those of a group of predicted proteins with no known biological functions. AS2 transcripts were detected in leaves, flowers and fruits, but absent in stems, consistent with the mutant phenotypes.

The role of Arabidopsis 5PTase13 in root gravitropism through modulation of vesicle trafficking

Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases （5PTases） are enzymes of phosphatidylinositol metabolism that affect various aspects of plant growth and development. Arabidopsis 5PTasel3 regulates auxin homeostasis and hormonerelated cotyledon vein development, and here we demonstrate that its knockout mutant 5pt13 has elevated sensitivity to gravistimulation in root gravitropic responses. The altered responses of 5pt13 mutants to 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid （an auxin transport inhibitor） indicate that 5PTase13 might be involved in the regulation of auxin transport. Indeed, the auxin efflux carrier PIN2 is expressed more broadly under 5PTasel3 deficiency, and observations of the internalization of the membrane-selective dye FM4-64 reveal altered vesicle trafficking in 5pt13 mutants. Compared with wild-type, 5pt13 mutant seedlings are less sensitive to the inhibition by brefeldin A of vesicle cycling, seedling growth, and the intracellular cycling of the PIN1 and PIN2 proteins. Further, auxin redistribution upon gravitropic stimulation is stimulated under 5PTasel3 deficiency. These results suggest that 5PTasel3 may modulate auxin transport by regulating vesicle trafficking and thereby play a role in root gravitropism.