冷战后南非共产党党的建设研究

苏东剧变后,国际国内反社会主义逆流一浪高过一浪,南非共党内部分不坚定分子也声明退党和脱党。在这种形势下,南非共顶住压力,认真分析了苏东剧变的原因,认为并不是马克思列宁主义过时,社会主义被"终结"了,而是背离和抛弃马克思列宁主义的错误模式过时了。南非共在这个认识的基础上,对社会主义的信心更加坚定了。在坚定信念的同时,南非共认识到只有加强党的建设,才能保证革命和建设取得成功,他们从指导思想、组织建设、工人阶级先锋队性质、作风建设、思想政治教育工作以及党际关系等多方面进一步加强党的建设。

种族主义制度废除后南非共产党对社会主义的新探索

南非共认为,未来南非的社会主义社会应具有四个方面的基本特点:一是民主、平等、自由;二是主要经济部门的社会化;三是"有效率的计划"和"有效益的市场"的有机结合;四是可持续发展。为此,南非共在政治工作、经济工作、思想工作、基层工作方面作出了基本规划,即"四大支柱",这也是南非向社会主义过渡的基本纲领。为争取民主和社会主义,南非共领导工人阶级和广大人民群众在政治、经济、社会和对外关系等领域开展了一系列积极而有效的斗争。

Theory and Practice of Language Teaching and Learning in Vhembe District Primary Schools, Limpopo Province, South Africa

South Africa has 11 official languages enshrined in the Constitution of the country. An additional language, sign language was approved as an official language at the end of 2008. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and the South African Schools Act 84 of 1996 emphasise teaching and learning through any mother tongue, a learner would understand best. Section 29（1） of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa categorically states that： ＂Everyone has the right to receive education in the official language or languages of their choice in public educational institutions where that education is reasonably practicable＂. However, most text books written in English have been prescribed at many schools. One is not certain whether the subjects are taught in English or in the indigenous language at these schools. In the end, those teachers use the mother tongue, together with English, in teaching learners. This result in code switching and code mixing takes place in classes, which are meant to facilitate communication across barriers of colour, language, and region, while creating an environment in which respect for languages other than one＇s own would be encouraged. Teaching and learning in one＇s mother tongue promotes full participation in the economy of the country. The aim of the paper is to investigate teaching and learning in Vhembe primary schools of the Limpopo Province in South Africa, within the framework of existing legislation. This will be compared with empirical evidence. The researcher seeks to establish what language（s） primary schools use for teaching and learning. Based on this, conclusions and recommendations will be made to assist stakeholders in language-in-education policy formulation.

Principles About Batho Pele Principles： South African Exploration and Analyses

This paper explores Batho Pele principles within the ambit of the South African legislative framework regularizing the public service. It informs that there are original principles apprising what is commonly referred to as Batho Pele principles. The original principles are principles about Batho Pele principles. Batho Pele principles are not Bantu principles due to the historical and derogatory orientation of the phrase ＂Bantu＂. They are people orientated principles. The analytical axis is premised on that Batho Pele principles are more about the people than about themselves. The people are not only first in relation with the principles but are the first to be first before the principles were documented. The principles are developed by the people in order to regularize the actions of the public functionaries. The Batho Pele principles and the original principles do not exist in isolation. They are deeply rooted in the societal value systems of the people that existed from one generation to the other to the subsequent, emphasizing the centrality of people in relation to principles. The people＇s centrality is accentuated with references to a reasonable number of specific people orientated instruments that have bearing in the global and international arena.

Who Governs Public Health？ Donor Retreat and the Shifting Spheres of Influence in Southern African HIV/AIDS Policy Making

For the last decade, discussions about who governs policy on prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS have revolved around the controversial relationship between Western donors and the power they have over their recipient governments. While these debates were once politically germane, recent trends show a decline of donor funding, as well as an increase of financial ownership of the epidemic within Southern Africa. Commensurate with this shifting financial influence, some well-governed, wealthy African states are beginning to deviate from global M＆E （monitoring and evaluation） indicators. These policy movements, away from global M＆E indicators, also correlate with increases in HIV prevalence, which signals the need for further investigation into policy efficacy.

Nonlinear interactions among internal tidal waves in the northeastern South China Sea

We used a set of 75-day long ADCP data from the northeastern South China Sea(SCS) to investigate nonlinear interactions among freely propagating internal tidal waves.The kinetic energy spectra displayed significant peaks at some higher tidal frequencies,such as O1M2(O1+M2),and M4(M2 +M2),where O1 is the lunar diurnal internal tide,M2 is the lunar semidiurnal internal tide,and M4 is the first higher harmonic frequency of M2.These higher tidal harmonic frequency peaks,as well as the fundamental tidal harmonic peaks,show a σ-2.3 spectral falloff rate with frequency.In addition,we explored the possible generation mechanism of higher tidal harmonics.Analysis on the rotary and bicoherence spectra suggests that strong forced non-resonant interaction induced by nonlinear advections was the dominant physical mechanism that induced these higher tidal harmonics.Moreover,the energetic,freely propagating semidiurnal(M2) internal tidal wave played the most crucial role in these interactions.These results indicate that strong nonlinear forced non-resonant interactions among internal tides can be one of the processes responsible for the redistribution of energy in the internal wave spectrum.

A Steady-State Contingency Analysis of the SADC Regional Grid Using the N-1 Criterion

Southern Africa has experienced electric power deficits over the last decade. This has been due in part to the member countries＇ inadequate electrical power supply system, as well as load growth in areas which were not adequately planned for. This has induced the formation of organizations such as SADC （Southern African Development Community） and SAPP （Southern African Power Pool） that have the common goal of achieving development and economic growth in the region which comprises of 15 member countries. This paper presents results from a security analysis of the region＇s electric power supply system using a baseline level of performance. This was carried out by performing a steady-state contingency analysis on a SADC power network model subject to the N-1 criteria which expresses the ability of the power network to experience a contingency without causing an overload or failure in any other part of the network. Simulations were carried out using DigSilent.