世界主要国家汽车工业近况

一、年产量 1986年全世界共生产汽车约4533万辆,比1985年的4514万辆上升了0.4%.生产汽车最多的国家按顺序排列,日本居首,美国第二,再其次分别为西德、法国、加拿大、意大利、西班牙和英国等,其中以南朝鲜增长幅度最大,比1985年增长59%.世界汽车产量见表1.

The ridgelet transform with non-linear threshold for seismic noise attenuation in marine carbonates

Wavelet transforms have been successfully used in seismic data processing with their ability for local time - frequency analysis. However, identification of directionality is limited because wavelet transform coefficients reveal only three spatial orientations. Whereas the ridgelet transform has a superior capability for direction detection and the ability to process signals with linearly changing characteristics. In this paper, we present the issue of low signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） seismic data processing based on the ridgelet transform. Actual seismic data with low SNR from south China has been processed using ridgelet transforms to improve the SNR and the continuity of seismic events. The results show that the ridgelet transform is better than the wavelet transform for these tasks.

看图说世界

三轮车在空中飞,我在地上蹦蹦跳跳地追,一不小心撞上了一头大象……咦,它为什么和一辆小汽车离得这幺近,莫非正和车里面的人说悄悄话?可是,里面的人看起来很紧张……三轮车在空中飞见惯了飞机在空中飞来飞去的你,如果有一天突然看见一辆三轮车在空中"突突突"地开过,是不是惊讶得嘴巴都合不上了呢?再仔细看看,这三轮车……头上还多了一个螺旋桨,难怪会飞得这么高呢!

通往天堂的门

开普敦是个奇特的地方,在这块黑色大陆的最南端,在两个大洋的交汇点,上帝慷慨地挥了挥手,赐下了这片让人来了就不想再离开的土地。不同于北非城市的阿拉伯风情,黑非洲喧闹、杂乱的大都会,置身开普敦,会错以为自己身处马赛或是那不勒斯,开普敦所拥有的,是大西洋和印度洋的宽广和雍容,连三百多年前第一位抵达此地的德瑞克爵士都忍不住赞叹这里是＂地球上最美丽的海角＂。好望角是非洲大陆西南端的著名岬角,登上角点,可以眺望到大西洋和印度洋的壮观景色。宽阔无垠的海滩上,海水卷荡起银白色的浪花,排山倒海般向海岸涌来,就像千军万马前赴后继地奔涌着;

CHARACTERISTICS OF FREQUENCY SPECTRUM VARIATION OF INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION OF CONVECTION DURING SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON

Datasets of equivalent temperature of black body (TBB) and sea surface temperature (SST)ranging from 1980 to 1997 are used to diagnose and analyze the characteristics of frequency spectrum andstrength of intraseasonal variation of convection. The relationship between the strength of intraseasonaloscillation of convection, strength of convection itself and SST in the South China Sea (SCS) is studied. It isshown that, there are distinguishable annual, interannual and interdecadal variations in both strength andfrequency spectrum of intraseasonal variation of convection in SCS. There are connections between strength ofconvection, strength of ISO1 in the summer half (s.h.) year and SST in ensuing winter half (w.h.) year in SCS.The strong (weak) convection and strong (weak) ISO1 are associated with negative (positive) bias of SST inensuing w.h. year in SCS.

First evidence of prey capture and meat eating by wild Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus bieti in Yunnan,China

Most extant nonhuman primates occasionally prey on fast-moving, warm-blooded animals; however, Indriidae, Lepilemuridae, and Colobinae either scavenged for meat or did not eat meat at all. Here we report six cases of animal consumption by the snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus bieti in a wild, habituated group between 2004 and 2009 in Yunnan, China. At present, only males in an all-male unit within the study group were involved in active hunting. Such a male-biased activity may be related to the group structure and spatial spread of R. bieti. Two females were observed eating freshly killed birds. The findings confirmed that R. bieti engaged in scavenging and, when hunting, employed a cranio-cervical bite to kill their prey. Meat eating is likely a nutrient maximization feeding strategy in R. bieti, especially in males. A begging behavior occurred after successful prey capture. Although begging was observed, no sharing of the meat was seen. The present findings illuminate the dietary diversity of R. bieti and their ability to expand their dietary spectrum.

The importance of non-carbonate mineral weathering as a soil formation mechanism within a karst weathering profile in the SPECTRA Critical Zone Observatory, Guizhou Province,China

Soil degradation, including rocky desertification,of the karst regions in China is severe. Karst landscapes are especially sensitive to soil degradation as carbonate rocks are nutrient-poor and easily eroded. Understanding the balance between soil formation and soil erosion is critical for long-term soil sustainability, yet little is known about the initial soil forming processes on karst terrain. Herein we examine the initial weathering processes of several types of carbonate bedrock containing varying amounts of non-carbonate minerals in the SPECTRA Critical Zone Observatory, Guizhou Province, Southwest China. We compared the weathering mechanisms of the bedrock to the mass transfer of mineral nutrients in a soil profile developed on these rocks and found that soil formation and nutrient contents are strongly dependent upon the weathering of interbedded layers of more silicate-rich bedrock(marls). Atmospheric inputs from dust were also detected.

South Africa＇s Nuclear Forensics Response Plan Step 1 - in Support of Nuclear Security Investigations

In South Africa, the nuclear forensics approach and its functions hosted and managed by Necsa, in support of any nuclear security investigations, start from the incident scene when the nuclear or radioactive material （that is out of regulatory control） is being handled and handed over to Necsa Emergency Control Centre by the South African law enforcement agencies in the presence of NOMS Department official. The main objective of this approach is to increase the credibility status of the chain of custody on the handling of the material during incident （crime） scene management process （for both nuclear forensics and traditional forensic evidence collection） and its transportation from the scene to the suitable storage facility at Necsa. Aspects to be looked into during the response process include interactions between law enforcement agencies, Necsa relevant departments and the National Nuclear Regulator of South Africa. This paper focuses on the entire whole response process and associated prior arrangements, in order to show and provide a set of requirements attached to the material, the scope of critical relevant technical and law enforcement information that to be acquired by all parties involving and participating in the nuclear/radiological incident or event response process before the material is authorized for storage at a suitably qualified Necsa＇s nuclear forensics, which is dedicated storage facility on Pelindaba site.

Effects of Tidal Currents on Nonlinear Internal Solitary Waves in the South China Sea

The propagation and fission process of internal solitary waves （ISWs） with amplitudes of about 170 m are simulated in the northeast of the South China Sea （NSCS） by using the generalized Korteweg-de Vries （KdV） equation under continuous stratification. More attention is paid to the effects of the ebb and flood background currents on the fission process of ISWs. This kind of background current is provided by the composed results simulated in terms of monthly mean baroclinic circulation and barotropic tidal current. It is found that the obtained relation of the number of fission solitons to the water depth and stratification is roughly in accordance with the fission law derived by Djordjevic and Redekopp in 1978; however, there exists obvious difference between the effects of the ebb and flood background currents on the wave-lengths of fission solitons （defined as the distance between two neighboring peaks of ISWs）. The difference in nonlinearity coefficient a between the ebb and flood background currents is a main cause for the different wave-lengths of fission solitons.

Theory and Practice of Language Teaching and Learning in Vhembe District Primary Schools, Limpopo Province, South Africa

South Africa has 11 official languages enshrined in the Constitution of the country. An additional language, sign language was approved as an official language at the end of 2008. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and the South African Schools Act 84 of 1996 emphasise teaching and learning through any mother tongue, a learner would understand best. Section 29（1） of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa categorically states that： ＂Everyone has the right to receive education in the official language or languages of their choice in public educational institutions where that education is reasonably practicable＂. However, most text books written in English have been prescribed at many schools. One is not certain whether the subjects are taught in English or in the indigenous language at these schools. In the end, those teachers use the mother tongue, together with English, in teaching learners. This result in code switching and code mixing takes place in classes, which are meant to facilitate communication across barriers of colour, language, and region, while creating an environment in which respect for languages other than one＇s own would be encouraged. Teaching and learning in one＇s mother tongue promotes full participation in the economy of the country. The aim of the paper is to investigate teaching and learning in Vhembe primary schools of the Limpopo Province in South Africa, within the framework of existing legislation. This will be compared with empirical evidence. The researcher seeks to establish what language（s） primary schools use for teaching and learning. Based on this, conclusions and recommendations will be made to assist stakeholders in language-in-education policy formulation.

Nonlinear interactions among internal tidal waves in the northeastern South China Sea

We used a set of 75-day long ADCP data from the northeastern South China Sea(SCS) to investigate nonlinear interactions among freely propagating internal tidal waves.The kinetic energy spectra displayed significant peaks at some higher tidal frequencies,such as O1M2(O1+M2),and M4(M2 +M2),where O1 is the lunar diurnal internal tide,M2 is the lunar semidiurnal internal tide,and M4 is the first higher harmonic frequency of M2.These higher tidal harmonic frequency peaks,as well as the fundamental tidal harmonic peaks,show a σ-2.3 spectral falloff rate with frequency.In addition,we explored the possible generation mechanism of higher tidal harmonics.Analysis on the rotary and bicoherence spectra suggests that strong forced non-resonant interaction induced by nonlinear advections was the dominant physical mechanism that induced these higher tidal harmonics.Moreover,the energetic,freely propagating semidiurnal(M2) internal tidal wave played the most crucial role in these interactions.These results indicate that strong nonlinear forced non-resonant interactions among internal tides can be one of the processes responsible for the redistribution of energy in the internal wave spectrum.

An outbreak of granulomatous inflammation associated with Francisella noatunensis subsp, orientalis in farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) in China

In 2013,a novel disease was detected in tilapia( Oreochromis niloticus × O.aureus) in Guangzhou,South China.To identify the causative pathogen,we conducted histological examination,bacteria isolation,and purification,and sequenced the 16 S rRNA gene of isolates.Infected fish had a large number of white granulomas in the kidney,liver,heart,and spleen.The head kidney and spleen were markedly swollen.A bacterium strain designated as gz201301 was recovered from the spleen of infected tilapia.The 16 S rRNA sequence of gz201301 revealed that it was highly similar to F.noatunensis subsp.orientalis.This is the first report of a Francisella-like infection in farmed tilapia in China.

Characteristics of nonlinear internal waves observed in the northern South China Sea

The South China Sea(SCS) is one of the most active areas of internal waves.We undertook a program of physical oceanography in the northern South China Sea from June to July of 2009,and conducted a 1-day observation from 15:40 of June 24 to 16:40 of June 25 using a chain of instruments,including temperature sensors,pressure sensors and temperature-pressure meters at a site(117.5°E,21°N) northeast of the Dongsha Islands.We measured fluctuating tidal and subtidal properties with the thermistor-chain and a ship-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler,and observed a large-amplitude nonlinear internal wave passing the site followed by a number of small ones.To further investigate this phenomenon,we collected the tidal constituents from the TPXO7.1 dataset to evaluate the tidal characteristics at and around the recording site,from which we knew that the amplitude of the nonlinear internal wave was about 120 m and the period about 20 min.The horizontal and vertical velocities induced by the soliton were approximately 2 m/s and 0.5 m/s,respectively.This soliton occurred 2-3 days after a spring tide.

马达加斯加副议长拉库图阿利韦卢在中国

8月中旬,马达加斯加副议长拉库图阿利韦卢首次偕夫人和两个儿子来华度假,以实现他们多年的夙愿。 拉库图阿利韦卢年方四十五,是马达加斯加政坛新星。他于2002年5月出任马新闻部长,是马达加斯加总统拉瓦卢马纳纳的政府发言人。2003年1月当选为国民议会副议长,负责对外关系。同年12月,在他的倡议下。

A Foreign Teacher＇s Efforts South African Woman Helps Students in Remote Region Improve Oral English

Melissa Lorraine Shortall,a teacher from South Afria,taught English in China for three years before she recently （in July）returned to her home country.During the time she stayed in Beijing,she took in a teaching program in Mentougou,a district in the western suburb of the Chinese captial.Every Tuesday, she visited Qingshui School,located in a mountain in Mentonggou.She used interesting tesching methods to local students＇ interest in English,and she encouraged all of her students to speak English.

Opportunity Cost or Opportunity Lost： The Humanities in South Africa

By positioning the debate on the future of the Humanities in an international setting, this essay presents an historical and contemporary account of them in South Africa. [ In this country the Humanities and the Social Sciences are subsumed under a single （and rather imperfect ） organizational rubric ]. The argument looks at the role they played during apartheid and their influence in bringing apartheid to an end. In the post-apartheid period the Humanities have fallen on hard times with less funding and failing student numbers. In this, South Africa follows the international trend but two enquiries into the future of the Humanities have opened space for a deep conversation on their future.