Using economics and game theory, two kinds of models have been proposed in this paper under the assumption that foreign and domestic firms behave under the condition of dynamic game of perfect information. One model i...Using economics and game theory, two kinds of models have been proposed in this paper under the assumption that foreign and domestic firms behave under the condition of dynamic game of perfect information. One model is for calculating Anti-dumping rate which is obtained according to current regulations of Anti-dumping, but it is not optimal. The other is an optimal model of Anti-dumping which is obtained according to the maximum principle of domestic social welfare. Then, through the comparison of this two models in detail, several shortages have been revealed about Anti-dumping rate model based on current regulations of Anti-dumping. Finally, a suggestion is indicated that WTO and China should use the optimal model to calculate Anti-dumping rate.展开更多
This paper reports two species of the family Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia), Otopleura nitida (A. Adams, 1854) and Rugadentia manzakiana (Yokoyama, 1922). The former was from the South China Sea and the l...This paper reports two species of the family Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia), Otopleura nitida (A. Adams, 1854) and Rugadentia manzakiana (Yokoyama, 1922). The former was from the South China Sea and the latter was from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The study was based on the collections deposited in the Marine Biological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This is for the first time that these species have been recorded in China seas. In the current contribution, we describe and illustrate these two species, and compare them with similar species.展开更多
Africa is the most affected continent with energy poverty. Wood fuel is the main source of energy for remote and rural populations. At the same time, most parts of Africa are endowed with abundant solar energy. Togeth...Africa is the most affected continent with energy poverty. Wood fuel is the main source of energy for remote and rural populations. At the same time, most parts of Africa are endowed with abundant solar energy. Together with a highly developed global solar industry and ever declining cost of solar systems, solar has unprecedented potential to combat energy poverty in Africa. However, dissemination of solar systems is faced with a number of barriers and challenges amongst where sustainable financing and lack of technological support for installation, maintenance and repair of systems are the most significant. This paper discusses the cases of Botswana and Namibia where financing schemes based on different partnership models have been successfully implemented. These schemes have the potential for success and adaptation by countries with similar socio-economic conditions. We conclude with recommendations on training programs for different levels of intervention to overcome the lack of technological support.展开更多
The Church of Kidane Mehret stands at 2,450 m above sea level, close to the village of Sen＇afe, on the border between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Probably built in the fifteenth or sixteenth century, the church gradually b...The Church of Kidane Mehret stands at 2,450 m above sea level, close to the village of Sen＇afe, on the border between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Probably built in the fifteenth or sixteenth century, the church gradually became a ruin in the middle of the last century. Following the intervention of the monks of this church, a restoration program was set up in 2006. With the agreement of the National Museum in Asmara and the World Monuments Fund, funding was collected together by the German Embassy, the French Embassy, and the Alliance Fran^aise of Asmara, which made it possible to restore the church, between 2006 and 2008. Teams of workmen and women were created to this end. Only traditional techniques were employed for the masonry of the walls, the wooden roofing the plastering, and the interior paintwork. This project, which conforms to the Charter of Venice, could serve as an example for similar restorations in the region and as a model for professional training. Finally, a trilingual article （English, German, and Tigrinya） was published in the Collection ＂Cultures et Patrimoines d＇ErythrGe＂, 2009.展开更多
Arguably, Africa comparatively remains a huge account for narratives within the context of repository of misery and violence in the 21 st-century, an attempt to political development has posed an irresistible challeng...Arguably, Africa comparatively remains a huge account for narratives within the context of repository of misery and violence in the 21 st-century, an attempt to political development has posed an irresistible challenge and a disturbing necessity for Mia Couto in Voices Made Night （1990） and Bessie Head in Tales of Tenderness and Power （1989）. The position of Couto as a white Mozambican writer and Head as an exiled coloured South African writer, living in her adopted country of Botswana, provides them with privileged neutrality from which to view the effect of the admixture of grinding poverty and violence as they ravage the landscapes of these countries. While Couto does not fail to incorporate the significance of power struggle between FRELIMO （Front for the Liberation of Mozambique） and RENAMO （Mozambique National Resistance） in the ~＇oices Made Night, Head＇s articulation of the complex manipulation of power becomes a resource for constructing a discourse of nationalism in Tales of Tenderness and Power. The paper intends to focus on the correlation between power and economic development in these anthologies. The paper will further examine how political power impacts on the socio-economic well being of the local folks in the Couto＇s Mozambique and Head＇s South Africa.展开更多
In order to answer the question as to how patients were treated in different historical periods, one of the most objective sources of study are pharmacy record books. The books were used for registration of all prescr...In order to answer the question as to how patients were treated in different historical periods, one of the most objective sources of study are pharmacy record books. The books were used for registration of all prescriptions based on which medicines have been produced in the pharmacy. Their contents reveal what medications were prescribed for treatment of various diseases, what kind of ingredients were used in the produce of medicines, and how much medicines cost. Lithuanian museums and archives stored dozen XIX-twentieth century the first half of prescription books. The present research analyses the prescription books of Petra^i~nai, a suburban area of the Lithuanian1 provisional capital, and a small Batakiai town in Taurage county with the population of 800, in 1935 Both books are stored in the Lithuanian Medical and Pharmaceutical History Museum. The study reveals what medicines were used for treatment of Lithuanian urban and rural residents in 1935, what the most often prescribed medicines were, specifics of the composition of medicines prescribed by doctors and a paramedic, popularity of animal medicines and the prices of medicines. The research was based on the methods of historical benchmark data processing and statistical analysis.展开更多
文摘Using economics and game theory, two kinds of models have been proposed in this paper under the assumption that foreign and domestic firms behave under the condition of dynamic game of perfect information. One model is for calculating Anti-dumping rate which is obtained according to current regulations of Anti-dumping, but it is not optimal. The other is an optimal model of Anti-dumping which is obtained according to the maximum principle of domestic social welfare. Then, through the comparison of this two models in detail, several shortages have been revealed about Anti-dumping rate model based on current regulations of Anti-dumping. Finally, a suggestion is indicated that WTO and China should use the optimal model to calculate Anti-dumping rate.
基金Supported by the National Marine Public Welfare Research Project(No.200805069)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41076104)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2007-12)
文摘This paper reports two species of the family Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia), Otopleura nitida (A. Adams, 1854) and Rugadentia manzakiana (Yokoyama, 1922). The former was from the South China Sea and the latter was from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The study was based on the collections deposited in the Marine Biological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This is for the first time that these species have been recorded in China seas. In the current contribution, we describe and illustrate these two species, and compare them with similar species.
文摘Africa is the most affected continent with energy poverty. Wood fuel is the main source of energy for remote and rural populations. At the same time, most parts of Africa are endowed with abundant solar energy. Together with a highly developed global solar industry and ever declining cost of solar systems, solar has unprecedented potential to combat energy poverty in Africa. However, dissemination of solar systems is faced with a number of barriers and challenges amongst where sustainable financing and lack of technological support for installation, maintenance and repair of systems are the most significant. This paper discusses the cases of Botswana and Namibia where financing schemes based on different partnership models have been successfully implemented. These schemes have the potential for success and adaptation by countries with similar socio-economic conditions. We conclude with recommendations on training programs for different levels of intervention to overcome the lack of technological support.
文摘The Church of Kidane Mehret stands at 2,450 m above sea level, close to the village of Sen＇afe, on the border between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Probably built in the fifteenth or sixteenth century, the church gradually became a ruin in the middle of the last century. Following the intervention of the monks of this church, a restoration program was set up in 2006. With the agreement of the National Museum in Asmara and the World Monuments Fund, funding was collected together by the German Embassy, the French Embassy, and the Alliance Fran^aise of Asmara, which made it possible to restore the church, between 2006 and 2008. Teams of workmen and women were created to this end. Only traditional techniques were employed for the masonry of the walls, the wooden roofing the plastering, and the interior paintwork. This project, which conforms to the Charter of Venice, could serve as an example for similar restorations in the region and as a model for professional training. Finally, a trilingual article （English, German, and Tigrinya） was published in the Collection ＂Cultures et Patrimoines d＇ErythrGe＂, 2009.
文摘Arguably, Africa comparatively remains a huge account for narratives within the context of repository of misery and violence in the 21 st-century, an attempt to political development has posed an irresistible challenge and a disturbing necessity for Mia Couto in Voices Made Night （1990） and Bessie Head in Tales of Tenderness and Power （1989）. The position of Couto as a white Mozambican writer and Head as an exiled coloured South African writer, living in her adopted country of Botswana, provides them with privileged neutrality from which to view the effect of the admixture of grinding poverty and violence as they ravage the landscapes of these countries. While Couto does not fail to incorporate the significance of power struggle between FRELIMO （Front for the Liberation of Mozambique） and RENAMO （Mozambique National Resistance） in the ~＇oices Made Night, Head＇s articulation of the complex manipulation of power becomes a resource for constructing a discourse of nationalism in Tales of Tenderness and Power. The paper intends to focus on the correlation between power and economic development in these anthologies. The paper will further examine how political power impacts on the socio-economic well being of the local folks in the Couto＇s Mozambique and Head＇s South Africa.
文摘In order to answer the question as to how patients were treated in different historical periods, one of the most objective sources of study are pharmacy record books. The books were used for registration of all prescriptions based on which medicines have been produced in the pharmacy. Their contents reveal what medications were prescribed for treatment of various diseases, what kind of ingredients were used in the produce of medicines, and how much medicines cost. Lithuanian museums and archives stored dozen XIX-twentieth century the first half of prescription books. The present research analyses the prescription books of Petra^i~nai, a suburban area of the Lithuanian1 provisional capital, and a small Batakiai town in Taurage county with the population of 800, in 1935 Both books are stored in the Lithuanian Medical and Pharmaceutical History Museum. The study reveals what medicines were used for treatment of Lithuanian urban and rural residents in 1935, what the most often prescribed medicines were, specifics of the composition of medicines prescribed by doctors and a paramedic, popularity of animal medicines and the prices of medicines. The research was based on the methods of historical benchmark data processing and statistical analysis.
