Ammonia volatilization(AV) from basal fertilizer with different nitrogen(N) types and application methods was investigated by the ventilation method in germination and early seedling stages during radish growth season...Ammonia volatilization(AV) from basal fertilizer with different nitrogen(N) types and application methods was investigated by the ventilation method in germination and early seedling stages during radish growth seasons in 2014. Four N fertilizer types, urea(U), ammonium bicarbonate(AB), ammonia sulfate(AS), and controlled urea formaldehyde(CUF) were applied through 5 cm depth placement(I) and 10 cm depth placement(II). The results showed that the N fertilizer type was the main factor that caused AV loss in germination and early seedling stages from the radish field. The highest and the lowest cumulative AV losses in germination and early seedling stages from the radish fields were 33.23 and 11.21 N kg/hm^2 for the treatments of AB+I and CUF+II, respectively, accounting for 60.40 and 26.40% of the N application for each treatment. The 10 cm deep placement of N reduced AV rates and lagged the AV process, and CUF significantly reduced ammonia volatilization. The data showed that the suitable N fertilizer type and application method for basal fertilizer were CUF and deep placement, respectively.Therefore, fertilizing with proper N fertilizer types and methods should be the efficient measures to mitigate AV losses from the radish field and will alleviate environment problems.展开更多
[Objective] The aims were to ① conduct anther culture of Chinese radish varieties; ② observe the development of embryos from anther culture; ③ study the response of different genotypes to embryogenesis in anther cu...[Objective] The aims were to ① conduct anther culture of Chinese radish varieties; ② observe the development of embryos from anther culture; ③ study the response of different genotypes to embryogenesis in anther culture; ④ observe the morphology of regenerated plantlets; ⑤ analyze the ploidy level of regenerated plantlets arising from the anther culture process. [Method]Anthers of 15 genotypes with diverse genetic backgrounds of Chinese radish have been cultured in vitro and induced to undergo embryogenesis and plant formation. [Result] Of 15 genotypes evaluated,four produced embryos. The genotype was the main factor to influence the embryogenesis. The morphology and the ploidy of the regenerated plantlets were observed,and the anther-derived plantlets included a mix of haploids,diploids and hexaploids. Of the plants that regenerated from anther embryos 60% were diploid. [Conclusion] The plantlets had the high ability to double spontaneously.展开更多
Carotenoids play an important role in many physiological processes in plants and the phytoene desaturase gene （PDS3） encodes one of the important enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Here we report the id...Carotenoids play an important role in many physiological processes in plants and the phytoene desaturase gene （PDS3） encodes one of the important enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Here we report the identification and analysis of a T-DNA insertion mutant of PDS3 gene. Functional complementation confirmed that both the albino and dwarfphenotypes ofthepds3 mutant resulted from functional disruption of the PDS3 gene. Chloroplast development was arrested at the proplastid stage in thepds3 mutant. Further analysis showed that high level ofphytoene was accumulated in the pds3 mutant. Addition of exogenous GA3 could partially rescue the dwarf phenotype, suggesting that the dwarf phenotype ofthepds3 mutant might be due to GA deficiency. Microarray and RT-PCR analysis showed that disrupting PDS3 gene resulted in gene expression changes involved in at least 20 metabolic pathways, including the inhibition of many genes in carotenoid, chlorophyll, and GA biosynthesis pathways. Our data suggest that the accumulated phytoene in the pds3 mutant might play an important role in certain negative feedbacks to affect gene expression of diverse cellular pathways.展开更多
Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between individuals with high(HC)and low(LC)total carotenoid content(TCC)were sampled from a selected line of Pinctada fucata martensii with black shell in the prismatic layer.The e...Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between individuals with high(HC)and low(LC)total carotenoid content(TCC)were sampled from a selected line of Pinctada fucata martensii with black shell in the prismatic layer.The expression levels of candidate genes were verified by qRT-PCR.Targeted resequencing was used to detect SNPs in a candidate gene,PmSR-BI.The association of TCC with SNPs in PmSR-BI was determined.Results showed that a total of 1025 DEGs were identified between HC and LC.The expression levels of the candidate gene PmSR-BI in HC were higher than those in LC.Seven SNPs in the exon and eight SNPs in the 5′regulatory regions of PmSR-BI were found.Association analysis showed that one SNP in the exon and two SNPs in the 5′regulatory regions of PmSR-BI were significantly associated with the TCC(P<0.05).All SNPs of PmSR-BI were divided into four blocks.CC haplotype in Block 1 and AG haplotype in Block 3 were significantly higher than other haplotypes.These results help elucidate the mechanism underlying carotenoid metabolism and develop marker-assisted breeding design in the species.展开更多
Cassava is an important starchy root crop and a major staple for more than 70 million people in Nigeria. New yellow-fleshed genotypes are being developed to combat vitamin A deficiency. Trials of 18 yellow-fleshed gen...Cassava is an important starchy root crop and a major staple for more than 70 million people in Nigeria. New yellow-fleshed genotypes are being developed to combat vitamin A deficiency. Trials of 18 yellow-fleshed genotypes and two officially released white-fleshed clones, used as checks for 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons in five major cassava growing agroecological zones of Nigeria. The trial locations were Ikenne （humid forest）, Ibadan （forest-savanna transition）, Ubiaja （subhumid forest）, Mokwa （southern Guinea savanna） and Zaria （northern Guinea savanna）. At each location, the trial was established in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The objective of the study was to assess genotype performance and genotype ~ environment interaction for total carotene concentration （TCC）, total carotene content per root （TC-R）, and total carotene content per plant （TC-P）. Significant differences （P 〈 0.001） among genotypes, environments and genotype x environment interaction for all the traits evaluated were observed. For TCC, TC-R and TC-P, the best genotypes across the 10 environments were TMS I051601, TMS 1050311, and TMS 1050998. Variation among genotypes accounted for most of the Total Sum of Squares for TCC （67.9%）, TC-R （39.0%） and TC-P （35.9%）. These characteristics of total carotene were also highly correlated. This study revealed that cassava with total carotene concentration can be assessed using either the TCC, or the TC-R, or the TC-P.展开更多
基金partially provided by Hubei Natural Science Foundation“Research on the Mechanism of Soil Ammonia Volatilization for Seed Germination and Early Growth of Radish and Mitigation Strategies”Hubei Foundation of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System and Bulk Vegetable Agricultural Technology System in China
文摘Ammonia volatilization(AV) from basal fertilizer with different nitrogen(N) types and application methods was investigated by the ventilation method in germination and early seedling stages during radish growth seasons in 2014. Four N fertilizer types, urea(U), ammonium bicarbonate(AB), ammonia sulfate(AS), and controlled urea formaldehyde(CUF) were applied through 5 cm depth placement(I) and 10 cm depth placement(II). The results showed that the N fertilizer type was the main factor that caused AV loss in germination and early seedling stages from the radish field. The highest and the lowest cumulative AV losses in germination and early seedling stages from the radish fields were 33.23 and 11.21 N kg/hm^2 for the treatments of AB+I and CUF+II, respectively, accounting for 60.40 and 26.40% of the N application for each treatment. The 10 cm deep placement of N reduced AV rates and lagged the AV process, and CUF significantly reduced ammonia volatilization. The data showed that the suitable N fertilizer type and application method for basal fertilizer were CUF and deep placement, respectively.Therefore, fertilizing with proper N fertilizer types and methods should be the efficient measures to mitigate AV losses from the radish field and will alleviate environment problems.
文摘[Objective] The aims were to ① conduct anther culture of Chinese radish varieties; ② observe the development of embryos from anther culture; ③ study the response of different genotypes to embryogenesis in anther culture; ④ observe the morphology of regenerated plantlets; ⑤ analyze the ploidy level of regenerated plantlets arising from the anther culture process. [Method]Anthers of 15 genotypes with diverse genetic backgrounds of Chinese radish have been cultured in vitro and induced to undergo embryogenesis and plant formation. [Result] Of 15 genotypes evaluated,four produced embryos. The genotype was the main factor to influence the embryogenesis. The morphology and the ploidy of the regenerated plantlets were observed,and the anther-derived plantlets included a mix of haploids,diploids and hexaploids. Of the plants that regenerated from anther embryos 60% were diploid. [Conclusion] The plantlets had the high ability to double spontaneously.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 30470172）.
文摘Carotenoids play an important role in many physiological processes in plants and the phytoene desaturase gene （PDS3） encodes one of the important enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Here we report the identification and analysis of a T-DNA insertion mutant of PDS3 gene. Functional complementation confirmed that both the albino and dwarfphenotypes ofthepds3 mutant resulted from functional disruption of the PDS3 gene. Chloroplast development was arrested at the proplastid stage in thepds3 mutant. Further analysis showed that high level ofphytoene was accumulated in the pds3 mutant. Addition of exogenous GA3 could partially rescue the dwarf phenotype, suggesting that the dwarf phenotype ofthepds3 mutant might be due to GA deficiency. Microarray and RT-PCR analysis showed that disrupting PDS3 gene resulted in gene expression changes involved in at least 20 metabolic pathways, including the inhibition of many genes in carotenoid, chlorophyll, and GA biosynthesis pathways. Our data suggest that the accumulated phytoene in the pds3 mutant might play an important role in certain negative feedbacks to affect gene expression of diverse cellular pathways.
基金The research was financially supported by Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021B0202020003,and 2022A1515010030)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32102817)+2 种基金Department of Education of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2019KQNCX043,2020ZDZX1045 and 2021KCXTD026)Special promotion of fishery science and technology of Ocean and Fisheries Bureau of Guangdong Province(Grant No.B201601-Z09)the earmarked fund for CARS-49.
文摘Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between individuals with high(HC)and low(LC)total carotenoid content(TCC)were sampled from a selected line of Pinctada fucata martensii with black shell in the prismatic layer.The expression levels of candidate genes were verified by qRT-PCR.Targeted resequencing was used to detect SNPs in a candidate gene,PmSR-BI.The association of TCC with SNPs in PmSR-BI was determined.Results showed that a total of 1025 DEGs were identified between HC and LC.The expression levels of the candidate gene PmSR-BI in HC were higher than those in LC.Seven SNPs in the exon and eight SNPs in the 5′regulatory regions of PmSR-BI were found.Association analysis showed that one SNP in the exon and two SNPs in the 5′regulatory regions of PmSR-BI were significantly associated with the TCC(P<0.05).All SNPs of PmSR-BI were divided into four blocks.CC haplotype in Block 1 and AG haplotype in Block 3 were significantly higher than other haplotypes.These results help elucidate the mechanism underlying carotenoid metabolism and develop marker-assisted breeding design in the species.
文摘Cassava is an important starchy root crop and a major staple for more than 70 million people in Nigeria. New yellow-fleshed genotypes are being developed to combat vitamin A deficiency. Trials of 18 yellow-fleshed genotypes and two officially released white-fleshed clones, used as checks for 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons in five major cassava growing agroecological zones of Nigeria. The trial locations were Ikenne （humid forest）, Ibadan （forest-savanna transition）, Ubiaja （subhumid forest）, Mokwa （southern Guinea savanna） and Zaria （northern Guinea savanna）. At each location, the trial was established in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The objective of the study was to assess genotype performance and genotype ~ environment interaction for total carotene concentration （TCC）, total carotene content per root （TC-R）, and total carotene content per plant （TC-P）. Significant differences （P 〈 0.001） among genotypes, environments and genotype x environment interaction for all the traits evaluated were observed. For TCC, TC-R and TC-P, the best genotypes across the 10 environments were TMS I051601, TMS 1050311, and TMS 1050998. Variation among genotypes accounted for most of the Total Sum of Squares for TCC （67.9%）, TC-R （39.0%） and TC-P （35.9%）. These characteristics of total carotene were also highly correlated. This study revealed that cassava with total carotene concentration can be assessed using either the TCC, or the TC-R, or the TC-P.
